On the Cavum Septi Pellucidi.
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Journal Article↗
Biomedical subjects
I M Thompson
Publications and source records attributed to I M Thompson.
Venae Cavae Superiores Dextra et Sinistra of Equal Size in an Adult.
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Journal Article↗
Southwest Oncology Group strategies in prostatic carcinoma.
The Southwest Oncology Group Genitourinary Committee evolved in 1978 from a combined gynecologic-urologic cancer committee. A significant catalyst in this development was the growing interest in prostatic carcinoma, with an initial focus on hormone refractory disease. Clinical studies have expanded into combined androgen blockade, untreated metastatic disease and localized prostate cancer. Since 1978, more than forty trials in prostatic carcinoma have been conducted. Currently, seven are in progress or under development. Conclusions and future directions are reviewed.
Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
Screening for carcinoma of the prostate: efficacy of available screening tests.
Despite the high prevalence and mortality from carcinoma of the prostate, very few prospective, controlled, population-based studies are available to assess the impact of early diagnosis programs. Three screening modalities have been suggested for this tumor: rectal examination, serum tumor markers, and transrectal ultrasound. Prostatic acid phosphatase and prostatic specific antigen have proven to be insensitive and nonspecific in large trials and generally, when elevated, allow diagnosis of metastatic disease. Transrectal ultrasound also suffers from poor specificity. Rectal examination, although insensitive to small tumors (less than 1 ml in volume), has the advantage of possibly detecting tumors of a higher biologic activity. An improved survival has been demonstrated in populations undergoing routine rectal examinations. Further prospective, population-based trials comparing early detection techniques are necessary before mass screening for carcinoma of the prostate can be recommended.
Adenocarcinoma↗
Race, treatment, and long-term survival from prostate cancer in an equal-access medical care delivery system.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate long-term survival of black and white prostate cancer patients in an equal-access medical care system to help distinguish biological from medical and social explanations of mortality differences. DESIGN AND SETTING: Retrospective study of US Department of Defense tumor registry patients with prostate cancer. Ethnicity, age, diagnosis, staging, risk factors, treatment, and survival end points were extracted. PATIENTS: Prostate cancer patients (N = 1606; 7.5% black, 92.5% white) who were active-duty personnel, dependents, or retirees eligible for care in the military medical system. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Racial differences in tumor stage and grade, risk factors, recurrence, and treatment wait time (time between initial diagnosis and initial treatment); influence of stage, grade, treatment, wait time, age, and race on survival. RESULTS: No differences were found in behavioral risk factors or tumor grade or size, but blacks entered active treatment (P < .001) and exhibited a higher relative risk of cancer (P = .01) in younger age groups, presented with higher stage (P < .001), and demonstrated increased progression in distant metastatic disease (P = .01). No significant differences were detected in overall wait time. When adjusted for stage, no difference was found in type of treatment. Overall, stage, grade, and age were found to affect survival (P = .04 to P < .001), but race did not. When analyzed by stage, blacks demonstrated a clear trend of longer survival for distant metastatic disease (P = .04 to P = .06). This trend was confirmed using Kaplan-Meier estimates (P = .04, likelihood ratio). CONCLUSIONS: This analysis suggests that in an equal-access medical care system there are no stage-specific differences in treatment between black and white prostate cancer patients. Survival among blacks is similar to that among whites and may surpass it for high-stage disease.
Adult↗
Feasibility of a photosynthetic artificial lung.
The success of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) for the treatment of acute respiratory failure has led to consideration of the development of a more portable, and perhaps even implantable, artificial lung. The authors suggest a bioregenerative life support system that includes a photo-synthetic organism that can remove CO2 and produce O2 in the presence of an energy source. To build a model of such a photosynthetic artificial lung, the photosynthetic capability of a high temperature strain of the algae Chlorella pyrenoidosa was maximized at a cell density of 25 million cells/ml to serve as the O2 producer and CO2 remover. The "patient" in this model was comprised of 1 L of medium or 350 ml of blood, interfaced with the photosynthetic system across a gas transfer membrane. The experiments demonstrated the ability of the plant cells to supply O2 and remove CO2 from the "patient" with a maximum rate of 0.55 mmoles/L/hr under the most favorable measured operating conditions. The projected rate of 1.0 mmoles/L/hr required for physiologic applications is not totally ab absurd idea, with a slightly modified set-up. Modifications may be in the form of regulating the photosynthetic pathway or genetically engineering a hybrid strain with enhanced O2 producing and suppressed photoinhibition capacity.
Artificial Organs↗