Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

I M Newman

Publications and source records attributed to I M Newman.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Role rehearsal and efficacy: two 15-month evaluations of a ninth-grade alcohol education program.

A ninth-grade alcohol education program aimed at reducing drinking, drinking and driving, and riding with a drinking driver was developed on the basis of problem behavior theory, social cognitive theory and role theory. In Year 1 the program was taught by Social Studies teachers to half of the eighty-four ninth-grade classes in all nine junior high schools in a single school system; the other half served as controls. In Year 2 the program was taught to the ninth-grade students of the same school system by English teachers. Students' knowledge, skills and practices were measured before and four-six weeks and one year after the program. Results indicated significant increases in knowledge and perceived ability to resist pressures to drink among experimental students. No significant differences were noted for the drinking or the drinking and driving practices of either group. One year after the program, significantly fewer students in the experimental classes reported riding with a driver who had been drinking. Results suggested that English teachers were more effective than Social Studies teachers in teaching this program.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1991

The role and function of drinking games in a university community.

Understanding the role of drinking games in college student life is critical for program planners who wish to develop education and prevention programs to reduce abusive drinking. Drinking games are popular social activities that provide a focus for social interactions but place students at considerable risk for serious consequences. This article reports preliminary results of a study using participant observation and in-depth interviews to develop a typology of drinking games and describe patterns and practices associated with the games.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

The influence of parental attitude and behavior on early adolescent cigarette smoking.

In 1983, Nolte and colleagues reported parental attitude may be more powerful than parental behavior in shaping adolescent cigarette smoking behavior. This study replicates the finding of Nolte et al and suggests parents need to be actively recruited to discourage their children from smoking, regardless of their own behavior. Fewer parents actively discourage youth smoking today than in 1983, a possible unfortunate result from an apparently successful effort to change the public attitude toward cigarette smoking.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Applying the theory of reasoned action to early adolescent tobacco chewing.

Beliefs and social norms elicited from adolescents were employed in the theory of reasoned action to predict early adolescent males' intention to chew tobacco. About 50% of males had chewed tobacco. Responses of chewing intenders and nonintenders differed in response direction and in response strength. Response differences regarding physical effects (cancer, yellow teeth, habit forming) as well as psychosocial effects (look cool, relax, have a good time with friends) suggested specific educational strategies. Intenders and nonintenders both reported not believing chewing causes cancer, an erroneous belief. Nonintenders reported belief carry over from smoking: chewing will "make my clothes smelly" and chewing will "give me shortness of breath," both unfounded. Nonintenders reported less referent support for chewing. Both groups reported a general unwillingness to comply with their significant others.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Capturing the energy of peer pressure: insights from a longitudinal study of adolescent cigarette smoking.

The effects of peer pressure on smoking behavior were described by subjects in a longitudinal study in the ninth grade, the 11th grade and 10 years later. Peer pressure was reported in terms of meeting certain desirable image characteristics and not in terms of direct pressure to smoke. Smoking was just one of many ways to create this image. It is suggested that education can incorporate peer pressure in a positive way by considering ways to change the "images" that energize certain behaviors, by introducing the learner to alternative ways to achieve the image and by alerting (immunizing) young people to the manipulative functions of image and peer pressure.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

The role of school health education in preventing heart, lung, and blood diseases.

The scope and dynamics of heart, lung, and blood diseases in the United States are reviewed and the need for research about the primary prevention of these conditions among large populations of children and youth is explained. Ways in which school health education could contribute to the primary prevention of these diseases are delineated; risk factors and social issues that might be addressed by the nation's schools are identified. A brief review of educational efforts to discourage adolescent cigarette smoking during the last 30 years illustrates some of the problems and opportunities presented by school health education research.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

The role of attitudes and social norms in adolescent cigarette smoking.

Measures of attitude and social norm (pressure) were gathered from 279 young people aged 14-16 attending one North Island high school. These data were analysed according to Fishbein's model of behavioural intention to determine the relative importance of attitudes and social pressures in young people's intentions to smoke cigarettes. New Zealand data are compared from a comparable group of US adolescents. Results clearly indicate that social pressures were much more important in determining intention to smoke cigarettes among the New Zealand sample than among the US sample. Among the New Zealand sample, there was less difference between the attitudes towards cigarette smoking of those who intend to smoke and those who do not than there was among the US sample. These New Zealand data are interpreted in terms of developing educational programmes to reduce adolescent cigarette smoking.

Adolescent↗