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Biomedical subjects

I M James

Publications and source records attributed to I M James.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Effect of pindolol on stress-related disturbances of musical performance: preliminary communication.

The effect of 5 mg pindolol on stress-induced disturbances of performance were assessed in 30 professional musicians. An overall inverse relationship was found between anxiety and musical performance. Reduction in anxiety by administration of pindolol was associated with a subjective improvement in performance. A stress-related tachycardia and increase in systolic blood pressure were attenuated. Pindolol had no effect on peak flow measurements.

Anxiety Disorders↗
PubMed1982

Controlled comparison of I.M. morphine and buprenorphine for analgesia after abdominal surgery.

In a double-blind randomized non-crossover trial 47 patients received either morphine or buprenorphine by regular i.m. injection for 24 h after abdominal surgery. The two drugs were equally effective as analgesics at the doses used. Five in the buprenorphine group and none in the morphine group were excluded because of respiratory depression. Four of these had received opiates during operation. The remainder of the buprenorphine group developed progressively slower respiration rates after 12 h. The results indicate that buprenorphine has a synergistic respiratory depressant effect with fentanyl and phenoperidine and may have a cumulative effect when given regularly on a 6-hourly regimen.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Controlled trial of speech therapy versus oxprenolol for stammering.

In a controlled trial of treatment for stammering under stress oxprenolol (40 mg) compared with placebo was assessed in a double-blind manner over two days, six weeks apart, in 31 stammerers before and after speech therapy. The trial design also allowed six weeks of intensive speech therapy, using a slowed-speech and relaxation technique, to be compared with not treatment and assessed single-blind. Oxprenolol produced a significant fall in pulse rate and systolic blood pressure but no overall change in performance either before or after speech therapy. Intensive speech therapy produced a highly significant improvement in the global performance of untrained subjects (p less than 0.001) and a significant reduction in the number (p less than 0.001) and duration (p less than 0.001) of blocks. Maintenance speech therapy tended to produce further improvement in trained subjects. Speech therapy is apparently an effective treatment for stammering, whereas oxprenolol appears to be of no value when given routinely; oxprenolol may be of value, however, in very stressful conditions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Comparison of prizidilol hydrochloride (SK & F 92657), a new antihypertensive agent with beta-adrenoceptor antagonist and vasodilator activity with propranolol and hydralazine in normal volunteers.

1 Some cardiovascular pharmacology of prizidilol hydrochloride, a new antihypertensive compound with precapillary vasodilator and beta-adrenoceptor antagonist activity, in man is described. 2 To investigate further the pharmacological profile of this drug the effects of a single oral dose of 400 mg prizidilol hydrochloride were compared with propranolol 40 mg in combination with either 25 mg or 50 mg of hydralazine for up to 6 h after dosing, in a placebo controlled in eight healthy subjects. 3 Prizidolol hydrochloride significantly reduced supine and standing diastolic blood pressure and was more effective than propranolol combined with either dose of hydralazine in this respect. 4 Supine heart rate was significantly increased after prizidilol hydrochloride, but was not significantly changed after propranolol combined with either dose of hydralazine. The reasons for the increase in supine heart rate after prizidolol are discussed. 5 beta-adrenoceptor antagonism was assessed in terms of inhibition of exercise induced increases in heart rate and systolic blood pressure. At the doses used, prizidolol hydrochloride was less effective than propranolol and hydralazine combined, particularly during the first 3 h after dosing.

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗
PubMed1980

Successful use of bromocriptine in the treatment of chronic hepatic encephalopathy.

Six patients with cirrhosis and severe chronic hepatic encephalopathy were treated with bromocriptine. All showed significant overall improvement clinically and in 3, the electroencephalogram became normal. The cerebral blood flow increased significantly from 32.7 +/- 2.4 (mean +/- 1 SE) to 40.5 +/- 1.5 ml/100 g brain/min (P less than 0.05). Similarly, there were significant improvements in the cerebral oxygen consumption from 2.2 +/- 0.4 to 3.3 +/- 0.4 ml/100 g brain/min (P less than 0.02) and in cerebral glucose consumption from 2.1 +/- 0.6 to 6.6 +/- 1.6 mg/100 g brain/min (P less than 0.02). Cross-over to placebo produced overall deterioration, more marked in the patients who had received the active drug for the shorter time period. No serious side effects were seen; the drug was well tolerated in doses of up to 15 mg daily and is a useful treatment for chronic hepatic encephalopathy when the response to conventional therapy has been poor.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Instability of cerebral blood-flow in insulin-dependent diabetics.

Cerebral blood-flow (CBF) was measured in 23 insulin-dependent diabetics before and 2--3 h after insulin/breakfast. In 10 of these patients CBF changed significantly during the day, with a significant fall in 9. In 3 patients who had the greatest falls in CBF there was a concomitant sensation of an impending faint. Thus CBF is unstable in insulin-dependent diabetics in contrast to control subjects in who there is little or no variation. Sudden falls in CBF in insulin-dependent diabetics may explain the symptoms of impending faint without hypoglycaemia; such falls would also be relevant to the pathogenesis of strokes in these patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Methods for assessment of the effect of drugs on cerebral blood flow in man.

The cerebral circulation is not an unimportant vascular bed but it is difficult one to investigate. Methodological difficulties are the main reasons for the paucity of clinical pharmacology studies to date. Of the methods currently available those of the McHenry (1964) and Wyper et al. (1976) appear to be the most useful to the clinical investigator. Increasing use of multiple detectors even with inhalation techniques may give evidence of regional drug effects upon the cerebral circulation. Improvements in methodology in the last few years, particularly the development of atraumatic methods are likely to act as an important spur to research in this field.

Cerebrovascular Circulation↗
PubMed1979

The effect of beta-adrenergic receptor blocking drugs on cerebral blood flow.

1 Cerebral blood flow (CBF) was measured by the 133xenon inhalation method in 33 newly-diagnosed hypertensive patients prior to commencing therapy. 2 Blood pressure was treated by using a varying sequence of four different drugs, namely labetalol, metoprolol, oxprenolol and sotalol, each of which is a beta-adrenergic receptor blocking agent, but with differing additional properties. 3 CBF measurements were repeated when blood pressure was controlled. No significant change in CBF was found with any of the four drugs, in contrast to the fall which has been reported when drugs of this type are administered acutely.

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗
PubMed1979

Comparison of effects on cerebral blood flow of rapid reduction in systemic arterial pressure by diazoxide and labetalol in hypertensive patients: preliminary findings.

1 Diazoxide 300 mg and labetalol 150 mg were each injected intravenously on separate occasions into five patients with essentail hypertension. The reduction in BP caused by labetalol was slightly greater than that produced by diazoxide. 2 In contrast the reduction in cerebral blood flow (CBF) by labetalol was not statistically significant, whereas diazoxide gave a greater and statistically significant reduction in CBF. 3 These observations suggest that labetalol may have an advantage over diazoxide for the rapid reduction in BP.

Blood Pressure↗
PubMed1978

Cerebral blood flow in diabetes mellitus: evidence of abnormal cerebrovascular reactivity.

Cerebral blood flow (CBF) was studied at normocapnia and after a challenge with 5% CO2 in 59 diabetic patients and 28 controls. There was a significant age-related decline in CBF in both groups, which suggests that diabetes does not affect the rate of decrease of CBF with age. After CO2 challenge CBF increased in most of the controls; in the patients CBF increased in 23, decreased in 26, and remained stable in 10. Thus the reactivity of cerebral blood vessels in diabetics is altered. Diabetics have diminished cerebrovascular reserve and are thus at increased risk of cerebrovascular disease because they are unable to compensate when necessary with an increased CBF.

Adolescent↗