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Biomedical subjects

I M Calder

Publications and source records attributed to I M Calder.

30 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Autopsy and experimental observations on factors leading to barotrauma in man.

Morbid anatomical data have been examined in detail from 13 fatal diving accidents in which the primary cause of death was due to pulmonary damage. In addition, the observations on 6 cases of experimental barotrauma on cadavers are recorded. The information is supplemented by the incidental findings in the respiratory system of 19 professional divers killed by causes other than barotrauma, and 97 healthy, age-matched controls who died suddenly or unnaturally. In cases of pneumothorax resulting both from diving and experiment the constant feature was the presence of pleural adhesions and lung bullae, some of which were involved in causing tissue damage. A high proportion (up to 26%) of lungs not involved in barotrauma also showed pleural adhesions. In cases of barotrauma, the parenchymal damage is not consistently related to scars or fibrous tissue. The observations suggest that a high incidence of pleural lesions are not detected or detectable on routine medical examination which do not compromise the lung. However once a pneumothorax has occurred it is highly probable that a further incident may rupture another bulla and these appear to be multiple. The converse appears to be true with parenchymal barotrauma that is not consistently related to scar tissue. This would therefore suggest that in a proven and recovered case of barotrauma it should not necessarily debar further diving activity.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Experiments using high pressure fluid jets on human tissues.

The object of the experiments was to observe the effects of small jets of high pressure fluid on skin and subcutaneous tissues. This was to simulate a situation which might occur following minor failures in the pressure hulls of submersibles. It was found that the dissipation of Kinetic Energy on a small experimental scale resulted in considerable tissue damage. Preliminary tests interspersing fabric between the jet and skin did not show a great reduction in potential damage. An important aspect considered is the possible introduction of pathogens into tissues when sea water is the fluid.

Accidents, Occupational↗
PubMed1984

Primary brain trauma in non-accidental injury.

The brains from 12 babies up to 21/2 years of age, who died after repeated non-accidental injury to the head, were subjected to detailed neuropathological examination. The nine brains from infants under 5 months showed contusional tears--slit like lesions in the white matter surrounded by astrocytes and associated with evidence of old and recent haemorrhage. The three brains from infants over 5 months showed white matter lesions similar to those seen in adults after closed head injury, including damage in the dorsolateral quadrant of the brain stem without axonal hemispheric damage, which may have been a result of whiplash injury after shaking. In addition, all the brains examined showed diffuse gliosis. This paper draws attention to contusional tears and other white matter lesions, which the authors believe are manifestations of mechanical damage produced by trauma. The long term neurological and intellectual defects observed in patients suffering non-accidental injury early in life are increasingly being recognised, although it is difficult to identify the extent to which these are due to social or neuropathological factors. We suggest that the white matter damage we describe has an important role.

Brain Injuries↗
PubMed1984

Diurnal variations in urinary mercury excretion.

A consistent diurnal variation of urinary mercury concentration (expressed as nmol of mercury/mmol of creatinine) has been demonstrated in 36 occupationally exposed workers, the concentration being highest in the morning and lowest in the late evening. This variation is partly intrinsic and partly an artifact because creatinine excretion also varies diurnally, but in the opposite direction. The implications of these findings in relation to the biological monitoring of mercury workers is discussed.

Circadian Rhythm↗
PubMed1970

Synovial sarcoma of the abdominal wall.

A case report is presented of a synovial sarcoma arising in the abdominal wall. This is the seventh such case to be reported. A brief review of the clinical and pathological features of synovial sarcoma is made.Pre-operative diagnosis of an abdominal wall synovial sarcoma is virtually impossible, but should be considered when a soft tissue swelling is found to show amorphous stippled calcification on X-ray.

Abdominal Muscles↗