Biomedical subjects

I M Buzzard

Publications and source records attributed to I M Buzzard.

23 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

PubMed1988

Comparison of a computerized and a manual method of food coding for nutrient intake studies.

The Dietary Data Collection (DDC) microcomputer system is currently being developed as a tool for the standardized and detailed collection of dietary intake data for human nutrition research studies. The system operates interactively, soliciting all necessary information on menu selection screens to ensure user entry of complete food descriptions and quantity information. The descriptive data are then automatically converted to food codes and gram weights for subsequent calculation of nutrient content. At the completion of the first phase of system development, a preliminary test was performed to compare the amount of time required to enter food intake data into the DDC system with the amount of time required to accomplish the same food coding task manually. Test subjects consisted of four experienced food coders and one coder trainee. Using a crossover design, each coder manually coded 16 1-day food records and entered another 16 records into the DDC system for automatic coding. Four of the five coders took significantly less time to code and enter descriptive dietary intake information using the DDC system than they took for manual coding and data entry. Time savings ranged between 9% and 44% among the test subjects.

Cooking↗

PubMed1988

Sources of data for developing and maintaining a nutrient database.

A nutrient database that contains current, reliable data is a prerequisite for accurate calculation of dietary intakes. Most nutrient databases are expanded from data supplied by the U.S. Department of Agriculture and may include additional foods or nutrients or data from more recent analyses, food manufacturers, or foreign food tables. Guidelines must be established for selection of reliable values from appropriate sources. A system for precise documentation of data sources provides a means for determining whether individual nutrient values were derived from chemical analyses, recipe calculations, or imputations. This article identifies data sources used by the Nutrition Coordinating Center at the University of Minnesota for its nutrient database and describes the procedures used to select and document nutrient values.

Data Collection↗

PubMed1987

A breast cancer Nutrition Adjuvant Study (NAS): protocol design and initial patient adherence.

To evaluate the feasibility of using a reduction in dietary fat intake as a component of treatment regimens for patients with resected breast cancer, a multi-disciplinary cooperative group protocol was developed. Females 50 to 75 years of age with stage II breast cancer who completed primary local therapy were eligible for randomization to a Control Dietary Group in which dietary fat intake was to remain unchanged from baseline level (at approximately 38% of calories derived from fat) and an Intensive Intervention Dietary Group designed to reduce dietary fat intake. Both Dietary Groups were given tamoxifen 20 mg/day. To facilitate early experience with dietary regimen delivery, patients entered during an initial pilot phase could receive any chemotherapy and/or hormonal treatment. A prerandomization nutrition 'run-in' of clinically eligible patients assessed adherence to nutrition data collection procedures and screened patients for nutrition eligibility criteria. Of 59 patients beginning 'run-in', 49 were randomized and, at present, 32 have completed at least three months follow-up. The change in dietary fat intake (as assessed by Four Day Food Records) seen in both arms is outlined below. Formula see table. The 56% reduction in total daily fat gram intake achieved in the Intensive Intervention Dietary Group suggests that protocols designed to reduce dietary fat intake in an adjuvant treatment setting can be developed and implemented using a multi-institutional, cooperative group approach.

Adult↗

PubMed1983

Birth weight and placental proximity in like-sexed twins.

In addition to zygosity, the type of placentation has proven to be an important variable in twin studies. A number of quantitative traits in human twins have been found to be influenced by chorion type. Our study confirms an earlier finding that there is larger within-pair birth weight variability in dichorionic twins with fused placentas than in those with separate placentas. This finding emphasizes the importance of detailed twin placental examinations to help identify traits that may be influenced by prenatal environmental influences.

Analysis of Variance↗

PubMed1982

Effect of dietary eggs and ascorbic acid on plasma lipid and lipoprotein cholesterol levels in healthy young men.

The effects on plasma lipid levels of increased ingestion of whole eggs and of ascorbic acid (AA) were investigated in 40 healthy, free-living men, aged 21 to 35 yr. Ten subjects were assigned to each of four groups which included the following regimens in combination with the usual daily diet: EGGS group, 3 eggs + placebo; AA group, 2 g ascorbic acid; EG AA group, 3 eggs + 2 g ascorbic acid; CONTROL group, placebo only. Fasting blood was sampled at 2-wk intervals during a 6-wk experimental period and during a 4-wk postexperimental period. Dietary cholesterol intake increased from a mean (+/-SD) of 412 (+/-200) mg/day during the preexperimental period to 975 (+/-134) mg/day on the experimental egg diet (p less than 0.001). Mean changes in plasma lipids in the eGGS and AA groups were not statistically significant. Considerable variability in individual responses was observed. In the EGAA group, significant increases in total cholesterol (18.3 +/- 6.4 mg/dl) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (10.0 +/- 6.4 mg/dl) at 4 wk were observed. Analysis of variance indicated significant interaction between the effects of eggs and AA. A possible synergistic relationship between these two dietary factors is suggested.

Adult↗