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Biomedical subjects

I M Blood

Publications and source records attributed to I M Blood.

15 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1989

Word recognition skills of children and adults in background noise.

This study compared the word recognition performance of 4 to 6 year old children and adults on the Word Intelligibility by Picture Identification (WIPI) Test presented via sound field in quiet and in a background of multitalker noise and pink noise. Although the adults had no difficulty recognizing speech in all situations, the children performed significantly poorer in both noise conditions. Furthermore, the multitalker noise proved to be more adverse than the pink noise on speech discrimination.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed1987

Fluent and disfluent normal speakers' responses on a Synthetic Sentence Identification (SSI) task.

This study attempted to confirm the theory that central auditory processing deficits exist in the normally disfluent population. Forty adults, 20 males, and 20 females were administered the Synthetic Sentence Identification-Ipsilateral Competing Message (SSI-ICM) at -20 dB message-to-competition ratios. Results revealed a significant difference between the performance of fluent and disfluent normal speakers. No significant differences were found between ears or between male and female subjects. Discussion includes comparative data analyses with a previous study and implications for further research.

Dichotic Listening Tests↗
PubMed1986

Dichotic listening performance of articulatory-impaired children: directed attention, severity, and data analysis.

The present study compared the performance of articulatory-impaired and non-articulatory-impaired children on a dichotic word task. The dichotic words were presented under three listening conditions: free recall, directed right, and directed left. In addition, different methods for analyzing ear preferences were computed and compared. Children between 5 and 9 years of age participated. Results indicated no significant differences between articulatory-impaired and non-impaired groups on ear preferences. The directed left condition failed to produce a significant difference between right and left ear scores for both groups. Data analysis showed similarities, except with the use of the phi coefficient. No correlations were established between the number and type of articulation errors and dichotic ear preferences.

Articulation Disorders↗
PubMed1986

Effect of directed attention on cerebral asymmetries in stuttering adults.

9 stutterers and 9 nonstutterers were administered a dichotic digits test under conditions of free recall and directed attention. Analysis indicated right-ear preference for both groups and no differences between the free recall and directed listening conditions. Results are discussed in relation to previous studies in which dichotic digit-stimuli were presented to stutterers.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Cautiousness and hearing acuity in elderly women: a signal detection approach.

Hearing loss in elderly women was investigated with respect to measures of sensory and decision processes in an auditory signal detection task. A 1000Hz signal was used as the stimulus and a 6-point response category scale was employed. Subject biases were obtained from 6 normal hearing and 6 moderately hearing impaired elderly adults (65-76 yr). Results indicated that the subjects set a conservative criterion, regardless of hearing loss, and tended to use a binary decision process.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

Central auditory function in young stutterers.

16 stutterers and 16 nonstutterers between the ages of 8 and 11 yr. were administered a battery of central auditory processing tests. The six audiological tests evaluated a range of auditory functions. Analysis indicated no significant differences between the two groups; however, inspection of the data showed 6 of the stuttering subjects performed consistently more poorly on four of the tests than the nonstuttering subjects. Results are discussed in relationship to subgroups of stutterers with auditory problems.

Auditory Perceptual Disorders↗
PubMed1984

Relationship between stuttering severity and brainstem-evoked response testing.

Brainstem-evoked-response testing was performed on 8 adult stutterers and 8 non-stutterers. Stutterers demonstrated prolonged central conduction time as measured by the interpeak latency (IPL) differences between Waves I to V. Five of the stutterers manifested abnormalities unilaterally, while three of the subjects showed abnormal responses bilaterally. No relationship was found between brainstem-evoked-response testing and severity of stuttering.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

School-age children's reactions to deaf and hearing-impaired children.

The study investigated 120 grade school children's impressions of deaf and hearing-impaired children. Scores on the Personal Attribute Inventory for Children showed that nonhandicapped students apply negative attributes similarly to both groups. Implications for mainstreaming and elimination of stereotypes are discussed.

Attitude↗
PubMed1982

A tactic for facilitating social interaction with laryngectomees.

The purpose of the present investigation was to explore the tactic of acknowledging the handicap in interactions between laryngectomized and nonlaryngectomized individuals. Two male laryngectomees were videotaped under two experimental conditions. One condition they acknowledged their laryngectomy, use of esophageal speech, problems, etc. The other condition they did not acknowledge their problem. Results indicated that listeners preferred the speaker when he discussed the handicap. Limitations of the study and clinical implications are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Classroom teachers' impressions of hearing impaired and deaf children.

180 classroom teachers rated achievement and appearance characteristics of 9 school-age hearing-impaired and deaf children on a semantic differential utilizing 15 bipolar adjectives. A significant difference between normally hearing and hearing-impaired subjects was noted. Hearing aids and the speech of the hearing-impaired and deaf subjects elicit more negative responses.

Achievement↗
PubMed1981

Low-level acoustic reflex thresholds.

The acoustic reflex threshold can be detected at lower than normal sound pressure levels by means of facilitation. This procedure entails simultaneous presentation of a high-frequency facilitating tone at a level just below reflex threshold and a second reflex-eliciting tone. The second tone is reduced in intensity until no further reflex activity is observed. When hearing was normal, less signal intensity was needed to elicit the acoustic reflex when facilitation was used. There was a greater amount of reflex threshold improvement when the facilitating and eliciting tones were presented monotically. Sensorineural hearing loss allowed small or no reflex threshold change with facilitation.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed1980

Professional and lay observers' impressions of preschoolers wearing hearing aids.

This study determined whether professional and lay observers had similar impressions of preschoolers wearing hearing aids and if the size of the aid affected ratings. Stimuli consisted of three photographic slides of nine normally-hearing and speaking male preschoolers wearing (1) a body-type hearing aid, (2) a post-auricular type aid, and (3) no aid. Slides were accompanied by taped speech samples. Stimuli were presented to 75 professional and 75 lay observers who rated the children on a semantic differential scale containing 15 adjectives. Ratings were submitted to a factor analysis revealing Factor I as achievement and Factor II as appearance. Results of MANOVAs revealed that neither professional nor lay observers discriminated against the children on appearance regardless of the presence of a hearing aid, but that both groups rated them significantly poorer on achievement when an aid was present. Lay observers' ratings showed a bias against the size of the aid, while professionals exhibited negative impressions whenever an aid was present, regardless of its size. These findings indicate that the "hearing aid effect" was present on variables of achievement even for normal-hearing preschoolers.

Attitude↗
PubMed1978

Listeners' impressions of normal-hearing and hearing-impaired children.

This study investigated the relationship between speech of hearing-impaired children and listeners' ratings of the speakers' intelligence, achievement, personality, and appearance as a function of whether or not speakers wore hearing aids. Stimuli consisted of (1) tape-recorded speech samples of 12 speakers (4 normal hearing, 4 hard of hearing, and 4 deaf) and (2) two photographic slides of each speaker--one depicting him wearing a hearing aid and another depicting him not wearing a hearing aid. Listeners used a semantic differential scale to rate the stimuli. Analysis shows that there is a systematic increase in "less desirable" ratings with severity of hearing loss and that responses are more negative when the speaker wore a hearing aid.

Achievement↗
PubMed1978

Distinctive features of consonantal errors in deaf children.

Pictorial stimuli of 18 consonants in 3 vocalic positions were presented to 10 deaf children; verbal responses were phonetically transcribed. Consonantal substitution errors were submitted to INDSCAL analysis. A 2-dimensional solution revealed features relating mainly to place of articulation and indicated that current habilitation procedures focus primarily on those features while not exploiting others available in the speech signal.

Adolescent↗