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Biomedical subjects

I M Baird

Publications and source records attributed to I M Baird.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

A double-blind trial of mazindol using a very low calorie formula diet.

Thirty-eight obese patients, resistant to conventional diet therapy, agreed to consume a 1.09 MJ (260 kcal)/day semi-synthetic diet consisting of 25 g egg albumin, 40 g oligosaccharides, vitamins and minerals, and were seen weekly as outpatients for eight weeks. At the beginning, the semi-synthetic diet was given with either the anorectic drug, mazindol (2 mg/day) or a placebo for four weeks and then changed over for the remaining four weeks; the study being conducted on a double-blind basis. The final treatment was a 4.2 MJ (1000 KCAL) conventional diet for a further four weeks without drug or placebo. Twenty-five patients completed the first eight weeks and 21 patients the final four weeks of the trial. The total mean weight losses were as follows: week 4, 9.3 kg; week 8, 13.7 kg; week 12, 12.2 kg. There was no significant difference in weight loss between mazindol treatment and placebo but the former group reported feeling less hungry. The chief side-effects observed were dizziness, nausea, dry mouth, insomnia and depression which were more frequent with mazindol. Six patients had to stop mazindol because of side-effects, but were able to continue the diet alone. It is concluded that a semi-synthetic diet containing 1.09 MJ (260 kcal) daily can be successfully employed in the treatment of obese outpatients, and is a practical therapeutic alternative to admission to hospital. There is no clinical advantage to be gained by the additional use of the anorectic drug, mazindol.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

A long-term evaluation of very low calorie semi-synthetic diets: an inpatient/outpatient study with egg albumin as the protein source.

Fifty-two obese patients were studied initially for two weeks as inpatients on very low calorie diets, containing 0.76-1.34 MJ (180-320 kcal) as 15-40 g egg albumin, 30-40 g oligosaccharides, vitamins and minerals. Patients were seen weekly after discharge from hospital. Forty-one patients were able to continue treatment for more than eight weeks, and 29 for more than 16 weeks. In terms of weight loss, 41 patients lost at least 10 kg body weight, 29 at least 15 kg, and 14 at least 20 kg; 17 patients came within 15 kg of their ideal body weight. With 40 g/day carbohydrate, the quantity of egg albumin required to give nitrogen equilibrium was estimated to be about 25 g/day. All patients were able to resume their normal activities on discharge from hospital and had no major side-effects from treatment. Routine clinical, biochemical and haematological examinations showed no significant changes. In particular, serum proteins, electrolytes, uric acid, cholesterol and blood haemoglobin and haematocrit were unaffected. Ketosis was minimal or absent. It is concluded that the use of very low calorie semi-synthetic diets is a feasible and safe method of weight reduction for obese patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Metabolic responses to dietary supplements of bran.

During a metabolic ward study, the addition of dietary fiber in the form of wheat bran biscuits to the diet of five volunteer subjects resulted in an increase in the stool wet weight and fecal solids. The excretion of fecal solids was highly correlated with the intake of unavailable carbohydrates, and fecal losses of water were similarly correlated with fecal excretion of these constituents. The major component of the increase in fecal solids was due to the noncellulosic polysaccharide fraction of dietary fiber. There was an increased fecal excretion of nitrogen fat and energy by most subjects when the supplement was eaten. However, the increased loss of energy in the feces was only 40-80 kcal/day, and therefore a large supplemental intake of dietary fiber had only minor effects on energy metabolism. Supplemental fiber is thus unlikely to induce a useful loss of calories in the management of obesity. The addition of dietary fiber caused an increased excretion of most inorganic constituents, particularly sodium and phosphorus; increased excretion of iron and magnesium was also found in two subjects.

Aged↗
PubMed1976

Nosocomial infection with gentamicin-carbenicillin-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa resistant to both gentamicin and carbenicillin was isolated with increasing frequency at the Cincinnati Veterans Administration Hospital during the period 1971 to 1974. A comparison of patients from whom P. aeruginosa was isolated during this period failed to reveal any significant clinical differences between the patients colonized or infected with resistant organisms and those colonized or infected with susceptible organisms. Overt clinical infection attributable to either organism was rare. The antibiotic-resistant organisms were isolated most frequently from urine. Isolation of the antibiotic-resistant organisms was more frequent from patients who had previously received gentamicin.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1975

Effects of two types of dietary fibre on faecal steroid and lipid excretion.

Fibre supplements from wheat bran and sugar cane residue (bagasse) were added to the normal diet of volunteers for 12-week periods in a controlled metabolic study. Stool weights and stool fat excretion increased on both dietary fibres. Bagasse increased the daily loss of acid steroids, but bran failed to affect bile acid excretion. Decreased transit time without alteration in faecal flora occurred with bagasse. The raised excretion of bile acids and fatty acids failed to lower the plasma cholesterol and triglycerides after 12 weeks. Thus different fibre sources with variable components have dissimilar metabolic effects.

Bile Acids and Salts↗
PubMed1974

Absorption of slow-release iron and effects of ascorbic acid in normal subjects and after partial gastrectomy.

Radiolabelled tablets of slow-release iron and ferrous sulphate containing 50 mg of elemental iron were given to 28 patients, and iron absorption was studied using a whole body counter.There was no significant difference between the absorption of ferrous sulphate and that of slow-release iron in normal subjects, anaemic patients, anaemic and non-anaemic post-gastrectomy patients, or those with coeliac disease. Ascorbic acid potentiated iron absorption, especially in anaemic post-gastrectomy patients.The indications and hazards of slow release iron preparations are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1972

Blood loss after partial gastrectomy.

Six male and three female patients previously iron deficient after a partial gastrectomy were investigated using a whole body counter to measure their percentage (59)Fe retention. No significant difference in iron loss between postgastrectomy patients and controls was found in the majority of subjects over a study which lasted from 175 to 225 days. The detection of increased free iron loss requires a more sensitive double isotope faecal recovery method. Two patients developed acute bleeding during the study and the whole body counter provided clinically useful data on blood loss. If patients develop gastrointestinal blood loss after partial gastrectomy either a recurrent ulcer or a site of blood loss elsewhere (eg, in the lower bowel) should be excluded.

Aged↗