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Biomedical subjects

I Leck

Publications and source records attributed to I Leck.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Histologic features of bladder cancer in Boston, USA, Manchester, UK, and Nagoya, Japan.

Histologic characteristics of bladder cancer in Boston, USA, Manchester, UK, and Nagoya, Japan, were evaluated. In each of these areas broadly-based series of cases were assembled during a collaborative case-control study. The present analysis was based on 589 cases in Boston, 484 cases in Manchester, and 241 cases in Nagoya. A single pathologist reviewed a slide of the primary tumor without reference to identifying information or other data. The primary histologic type of nearly all tumors was transitional-cell, and there was little variation in the proportion of transitional-cell tumors among the study areas. Nor was there much variation in the distribution of histologic grade, the proportion of tumors showing submucosal invasion, or the proportion of tumors with a papillary surface. Age at diagnosis was strongly correlated with histologic grade. The proportion of grade III (most malignant) tumors was about twice as high among patients 80 years of age and over as among those aged less than 50. An apparent association between age and submucosal invasion was explained in large part by the relationships of histologic grade to submucosal invasion and to age. Other histologic features had only weak and inconsistent relations with age. None of the features evaluated showed consistent associations with history of cigarette-smoking or with sex.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1982

Artificial sweeteners and bladder cancer in Manchester, U.K., and Nagoya, Japan.

We have evaluated the relation between cancer of the lower urinary tract ("bladder cancer") and the use of artificial sweeteners, by means of case-control studies in Manchester, U.K., and Nagoya, Japan, areas where extensive use occurred 30-40 years ago. In each area, a broadly based series of cases (555 in Manchester, 293 in Nagoya) was interviewed and a series of controls (735 in Manchester, 589 in Nagoya) chosen from the general population. A history of use of sugar substitutes primarily saccharin, was not associated with an elevated risk of bladder cancer in either study area. Risk of bladder cancer did not increase regularly with frequency or duration of use of sugar substitutes. Data on dietetic beverages were not obtained in Nagoya. This exposure was not associated with a greater risk of bladder cancer in Manchester. The results of this study suggest that use of artificial sweeteners confers little or no risk of bladder cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Coffee drinking and cancer of the lower urinary tract.

The relation of coffee drinking to the incidence rate of cancer of the lower urinary tract ("bladder cancer") was evaluated. Broadly based series of cases and series of controls drawn from the general population of each area were assembled and interviewed in Boston, Massachusetts (587 cases, 528 controls), Manchester, England (541 cases, 725 controls), and Nagoya, Japan (289 cases, 586 controls). Compared to drinkers of an average of less than 1 cup of coffee per day, those who drank more had a relative risk of bladder cancer estimated as 1.0 (0.8-1.2, 95% confidence interval). With adjustment for cigarette smoking habits, only small and irregular changes in risk were seen with increasing frequency of coffee consumption. Duration of coffee drinking showed little relation to risk of bladder cancer may be due to incomplete control of the effect of cigarette smoking. If there is a true association of coffee drinking and bladder cancer it is likely to be weak.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1979

Incidence of myeloid leukaemia in Lancashire.

Identification of a "cluster" of cases of acute myeloid leukaemia and chronic myeloproliferative disorders in Lytham St. Annes, Lancashire, prompted an analysis of the incidence of myeloid leukaemias in Lancashire (excluding Ormskirk Health District), as recorded by the Manchester Cancer Registry. Although statistically there was no significant difference in the trend of incidence between the whole former borough of Lytham St. Annes and the other districts studied, the reported incidence of these diseases in the area as a whole had almost doubled, and in two districts nearly trebled, between two consecutive 6 year periods, beginning in 1965. This represents a substantially larger increase than mortality data suggests has occurred nationally in the same period, and is unlikely to be due solely to more accurate diagnosis or reporting.

England↗
PubMed1978

Incidence of cervical cancer by marital status.

The incidence of invasive cervical cancer by age and marital status was examined, using census statistics and 1968--71 cancer registry data from women who lived in the Manchester Regional Hospital Board area. The relative rarity of the disease in the unmarried and its higher incidence in formerly married than in currently married women was confirmed. This higher incidence was shown to be mainly in widows under 50 and divorced women, suggesting that it is related to the association of the disease with number of sexual partners.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Methods of classifying and ascertaining children's tumours.

Several methods of ascertaining and classifying childhood neoplasms for epidemiological study have been evaluated using material from the University of Manchester Children's Tumour Registry (CTR), which includes data from several sources on children with neoplasms first seen in the period 1954-73 who were under 15 years old and living in the Manchester Regional Hospital Board area at the time. Two systems of classification-the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) and the Morphology Section of the Manual of Tumor Nomenclature and Coding (MOTNAC; Percy, Berg and Thomas, 1968)-were tested. No major problems arose with the Morphology Section of MOTNAC, and we recommend that the revised version of this section, in the proposed "International Classification of Diseases for Oncology", should be used in epidemiological reports on children's tumours whenever possible. The ICD discriminates less well between the commoner types of childhood neoplasms, but must be retained as a supplementary classification to facilitate international comparisons. A comparison of the completeness of ascertainment achieved in recent years by each source of data showed that more than 98% of the serious cases (neoplasms that were malignant and/or lay within the craniovertebral canal) could have been identified using a combination of Hospital Activity Analysis (HAA) and cancer registration records, and more than 95% using HAA and death records. But in an analysis of 2 years' HAA returns and 6 years' cancer registrations of serious cases, nearly one quarter of the former and one fifth of the latter were shown to record diagnoses which differed from those finally assigned at the CTR. It is concluded that, in epedimiological studies based on routine records, the diagnoses given should always be checked centrally, by experts, in the light of all the available clinical and pathological material (including histological preparations).

Adolescent↗