Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

I Laufer

Publications and source records attributed to I Laufer.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Adenocarcinoma of the esophagus in patients with scleroderma.

Three cases of patients with esophageal involvement by scleroderma, chronic reflux esophagitis, and adenocarcinoma of the distal esophagus are presented. An underlying columnar metaplasia (Barrett esophagus) was identified in two patients and postulated in the third. It is believed that scleroderma patients with symptomatic chronic gastroesophageal reflux should be investigated for Barrett epithelium. If it is present, these patients should be followed and considered as having an increased risk for development of adenocarcinoma of the esophagus.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1982

Radiographic findings in the esophagus following the Sugiura procedure.

Sixteen patients underwent a modification of the Sugiura procedure for bleeding esophageal varices, involving (a) esophageal transection, (b) splenectomy, (c) selective vagotomy, and (d) pyloroplasty. Five patients died, and the remaining 11 had barium studies of the esophagus and stomach which were compared with the preoperative appearance. Esophageal varices disappeared in 7 patients and persisted in 1. No recurrent bleeding or encephalopathy was seen: however, there were a large number of complications, including pleural effusion, ascites, ileus, pneumonia, and renal failure. Hepatic failure, respiratory failure, and sepsis secondary to gastrointestinal leakage also occurred and were fatal in all cases. As the Sugiura procedure is increasingly being employed in the United States, radiologists should be familiar with the spectrum of postoperative radiographic findings in the esophagus and stomach.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Iatrogenic esophageal-pleural fistula: subtlety of diagnosis in the absence of mediastinitis.

Seven patients with iatrogenic esophageal-pleural fistulas are described, and the differences in radiographic and physical findings in these patients and in patients with esophageal perforation with mediastinitis are emphasized. Radiographic findings in patients with esophageal pleural fistulas are pneumothorax, hydropneumothorax and localized pneumonitis. These fistulas can mimic other inflammatory supradiaphragmatic or infradiaphragmatic processes. Clinical and radiographic signs may be subtle, and active investigation is needed to establish the diagnosis of esophageal-pleural fistula in patients who have undergone esophageal manipulation.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

The peroral pneumocolon examination.

The peroral pneumocolon examination is a method for obtaining a double-contrast image of the terminal ileum and right colon by insufflating air through a small catheter inserted into the rectum when orally ingested barium reaches the right colon. The examination is indicated if a detailed view of the ileocecal region is required, particularly when inflammatory bowel disease is suspected, when polyps are present in the right colon, or when patients are unable to tolerate barium enema studies.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1982

Double-contrast enema in pelvic endometriosis.

The radiographic findings on barium enema in 42 patients with endometriosis were reviewed and correlated with those at surgical and laparoscopic examination. Radiographic abnormalities were detected in 27 patients. In nine patients, purely extrinsic mass effect was identified; bowel wall involvement in these patients was not present at laparoscopy. In 16 of 18 patients subsequently shown to have bowel wall involvement, mass effect with fine mucosal crenulation was identified. Annular or polypoid involvement was also noted. Mass effect with crenulation, although not entirely specific, appears to be a characteristic finding in patients with bowel wall involvement due to endometriosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Candidiasis in the obstructed esophagus.

Four cases of esophageal candidiasis complicating functional or mechanical obstruction are described. The causes of the obstruction included achalasia, scleroderma, and postoperative fundoplication. None of the commonly recognized conditions predisposing to esophageal candidiasis was present. The findings on barium study ranged from plaque-like filling defects to extensive nodularity and roughening of the mucosal surface, which must be distinguished from ingested debris. It is suggested that esophageal stasis of any cause can lead to candidiasis.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Double-contrast enema examination for detection of rectal carcinoma.

The role of the double-contrast enema examination (DCE) in the detection of rectal carcinoma was evaluated and compared to the proctoscopic examination. Records of 90 consecutive patients with a diagnosis of rectal carcinoma were reviewed. Sixty-six patients had a preoperative DCE. The correct diagnosis was either made or suggested in 91% of these patients. The proctoscopic examination was diagnostic in 86%. The causes of radiologic and proctoscopic error were evaluated. Findings confirm that the DCE is an accurate method for the diagnosis of rectal carcinoma. Careful examination of the rectum should be incorporated in all radiologic studies of the colon since a normal proctoscopic examination does not exclude the possibility of rectal carcinoma.

Barium Sulfate↗
PubMed1981

The radiographic appearance of the stomach in Cronkhite-Canada syndrome.

Cronkhite-Canada syndrome is a nonfamilial form of diffuse gastrointestinal polyposis associated with ectodermal abnormalities of alopecia, and hyperpigmentation. Recent experience with two patients in whom the diagnosis was pathologically confirmed suggest that there is a specific radiographic appearance to the stomach in this disorder. There are enlarged rugal folds, polyps, and "whiskering" (appearance of multiple tiny projections due to barium trapped between nodular excrescences of rugae). When accompanied by the characteristic ectodermal abnormalities, this radiographic pattern aids in the diagnosis of this complex clinical entity.

Cyclophosphamide↗
PubMed1981

Herpes esophagitis.

Herpes simplex virus is a well recognized cause of opportunistic esophageal infection, yet there have been few descriptions of the radiographic features of this entity. This report describes the radiographic and clinical findings in six patients with herpes esophagitis. Each patient had clinical evidence of immunosuppression. Acute odynophagia was the most common presenting complaint. Double-contrast esophagrams revealed discrete, widely separated ulcers, plaquelike defects without ulceration, or a combination of ulcers and plaques. Plaquelike lesions in the esophagus can be associated with herpes or moniliasis. However, discrete ulcers on an otherwise normal background mucosa are strongly suggestive of herpes esophagitis. Increased awareness of the radiographic findings should lead to better diagnosis of this entity, so that potentially toxic antifungal drugs can be avoided in patients with herpes esophagitis.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Evaluation of double contrast barium enemas performed by radiographic technologists.

This study was undertaken to see if radiographic technologists could be trained to perform double contrast barium enemas of a quality comparable to that produced by gastrointestinal radiologists and radiology residents. One technologist was from a remote rural hospital and the other from a university gastrointestinal radiology department. After initial training the two technologists continued to produce work of high quality. Analysis of the films showed that there was no significant difference between those films produced in the rural hospital and in the university centre. We recommend more widespread training of radiographic technologists in this work.

Barium Sulfate↗
PubMed1980

Gastric polyps on routine double-contrast examination of the stomach.

Gastric polyps were found in 38 patients in a series of 2,420 consecutive double-contrast studies of the upper gastrointestinal tract. The resulting incidence of 1.6% is four times the highest figure previously reported. Single polyps were usually located in the antrum, multiple polyps in the body of fundus. Two-thirds were less than or equal to 10 mm in diameter; only one was larger than 20 mm. Endoscopy was performed in 17 cases and showed either normal or inflamed gastric mucosa with no evidence of neoplasia. It is likely that most gastric polyps are inflammatory or hyperplastic, while the biopsies showing normal mucosa may represent small submucosal tumors such as leiomyomas. This study demonstrates the high frequency and innocuous nature of small gastric polyps.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

The gastric cardia in double-contrast study: its dynamic image.

Difficulties in evaluating the gastric cardia are well known and may often be resolved with the double-contrast technique. Special views to show the cardia en face were obtained in 200 double-contrast examinations. Four basic patterns were recognized. Similar appearances could be reproduced by protruding or retracting the lower end of the esophagus during the radiography of intact stomachs obtained at autopsy. Influenced by muscle relaxants, swallowing, or deep breathing, cardia patterns were found to be interchangeable in the same patient and same examination. The disappearance of the protrusion pattern at the cardia in the course of swallowing is an important means of distinguishing normality from a tumor in this area. Any significant deviation from the normal geometry of the cardia as displayed by double contrast indicates an abnormality. Examples of abnormalities are illustrated.

Carcinoma↗
PubMed1980

Meconium ileus equivalent: treatment with Hypaque enema.

Meconium ileus equivalent is an unusual cause of intestinal obstruction in adults. In this paper we report of our experience with a 29-year-old male with a long-standing history of cystic fibrosis and recurrent abdominal pain. Following barium examination of the stomach and small bowel, the patient developed increasing abdominal pain and evidence of meconium ileus equivalent as the etiology of his small bowel obstruction. The obstruction was relieved by administration of a 20% sodium diatrizoate enema and oral saline cathartics. The clinical and radiographic findings of meconium ileus equivalent are reviewed, as is the use of water-soluble contrast agents in the management of this condition. The role of prior barium study in precipitating this condition is discussed.

Cathartics↗