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Biomedical subjects

I L Bernstein

Publications and source records attributed to I L Bernstein.

At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Tumor anorexia: a learned food aversion?

Anorexia can occur when a specific diet is associated with a developing illness. The studies reported here show that the decline in food intake which accompanies tumor growth is accompanied by the development of aversions to the specific diet consumed during tumor growth. An immediate elevation in food consumption occurred when a novel diet was introduced. Therefore, the development of learned aversions to the specific diet eaten during tumor growth may be a causal factor in the development of tumor anorexia.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Multicenter study of flunisolide aerosol in adult patients with steroid-dependent asthma.

Seventy-three adult, steroid-dependent asthmatic patients participated in a 16-wk, double-blind study testing the efficacy of flunisolide aerosol. Forty received flunisolide, and 33 received placebo. The mean daily prednisone requirement of patients receiving flunisolide fell 59.2% during the testing period, and that of the patients receiving placebo fell 19.7%. The median daily prednisone dose dropped 74.4% in the flunisolide group and 4.2% in the placebo group (p = 0.006). In the flunisolide group 75% tapered use of oral steroids 50% or more, and 27.5% stopped taking oral steroids completely. In the placebo group 36% tapered use of oral steroids 50% or more, and only 12% stopped taking them completely. Despite their reduction in systemic steroids, those patients receiving flunisolide achieved significantly greater reduction in the daily severity of wheezing (p = 0.014) and frequency of asthma attacks (p = 0.049) than did those receiving placebo. In the final evaluation of therapeutic response, 70% of patients receiving flunisolide were rated as having a very good or good response, and 30% were rated as having a fair or poor response. In contrast 33% of patients receiving placebo were rated as very good or good, and 67% were rated as fair or poor (p = 0.0009). No serious reactions were reported. Plasma cortisols showed an average increase of 42.9% in the flunisolide group but no change in the placebo group. Flunisolide aerosol is a well-tolerated and effective agent in the treatment of steroid-dependent asthma.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Quillaja bark (soapbark)--induced asthma.

A 24-yr-old man developed sensitization to Quillaja bark (soapbark) dust at his work place. Within 3 mo of being employed in a factory processing Quallaja bark to produce saponin, he experienced asthma symptoms while handling the bark but only nasal symptoms on being exposed to the purified saponin. Bronchial provocation using Quillaja bark dust resulted in immediate bronchoconstriction as well as faintness, diffuse erythema, and hypotension. Radioallergosorbent test (RAST) using the pulverized crude Quillaja bark was markedly positive, and cross-reactivity between gum acacia and gum tragacanth was demonstrated using this technique.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Effects of interference stimuli on the acquisition of learned aversions to foods in the rat.

A learned food aversion paradigm was developed to investigate characteristics of aversion learning likely to be involved in nutrient selection. The development of aversions to a relatively familiar, complete food was examined in rats with continuous access to that food. Learned food aversions were observed which were specific to the particular diet present during a sequence of toxic drug injections. In subsequent studies, novel liquids and solids were introduced in association with drug treatment to examine their effectiveness as interference stimuli. Flavored solutions, which have previously been reported to interfere with conditioned taste aversions, had little or no effect on learned aversions to the diet. This lack of interference by novel flavored liquids was coupled with significant conditioned aversions to the novel liquids themselves. Novel flavored solutions were contrasted with novel foods, which were extremely effective as interference stimuli in this paradigm. Possible bases for the observed differences in interference effects of foods and drinks are examined.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Absence of airway hyperreactivity to methacholine in a worker sensitized to toluene diisocyanate (TDI).

A worker with occupational asthma due to toluene diisocyanate (TDI) was studied. Detailed immunologic studies, including those for p-tolyl isocyanate IgE antibodies and the presence of leukocyte inhibition factor for isocyanate antigen, were negative. Clinically, the subject noted more pronounced symptoms beginning on Monday morning, followed by weekend off work, and lessening of her symptoms over the working week. Methacholine challenges were negative when performed on three separate occasions, including the time when maximum symptoms were present, and again six months later, before and after bronchial challenge testing. A dose-related response to TDI was observed on bronchial provocation testing using nonirritating concentrations of TDI of 0.0165 and 0.030 ppm. This case provides evidence that the response of the airway to TDI may not always be accompanied by hyperreactivity to methacholine. Screening programs utilizing methacholine challenges may not always identify sensitized workers, since a negative methacholine challenge test does not exclude TDI sensitization.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Inhibition of platelet aggregation by tartrazine and a pyrazolone analogue in normal and allergic individuals.

The effect of tartrazine (T) (yellow dye No. 5) and one of its metabolites an aminopyrazolone analogue (1-sulphophenyl-3-carboxy-5-hydroxypyrazole, SCHP) upon collagen-induced platelet aggregation (C-PA) was investigated in fourteen atopic patients and fourteen normal subjects. Both T and SCHP inhibited C-PA in atopic patients at significantly lower doses than in normal volunteers. The mean inhibitory concentrations of SCHP were similar to aspirin in both atopic and normal individuals. Although the precise mechanism by which these chemicals block C-PA has not been elucidated, this in vitro system may be a useful method of assessing non-immune mechanisms involved in reactions to tartrazine.

Aspirin↗
PubMed1980

In vivo suppression and enhancement of the murine homocytotropic antibody response by staphylococcal enterotoxin A.

Effects of staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA) on the mouse homocytotropic antibody (HCA) system were studied. Groups of BDF mice received 10 micrograms SEA either orally or intraperitoneally at 0, 24, 48 h before or after immunization with 100 micrograms ovalbumin in 1 mg A1(OH)3 gel. Primary and secondary HCA responses were determined by 48-hour passive cutaneous anaphylactic reactions in genetically hairless mice. It was found that effects of SEA on HCA responses were dependent on the time and route of SEA administration. In general, early administration (48 h before immunization) of SEA showed suppression, while later administration (either 24 h before or after immunization) of SEA demonstrated enhancement. A further delay of SEA administration (48 h after immunization) exerted suppressive effects except when it was given intraperitoneally in the anamnestic HCA experiments. The mouse HCA system proved to be a suitable in vivo correlate of in vitro plaque-forming cell responses modulated by SEA.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Familial hypersensitivity pneumonitis induced by Bacillus subtilis.

Six members of one family developed symptoms consistent with hypersensitivity pneumonitis after exposure to wood dust generated during the remodeling of a bathroom in their house. A detailed microbiologic investigation of the house and surrounding areas resulted in the isolation of 2-Bacillus species. The vegetative cell and spore extracts of these organisms were used for extensive in vivo and in vitro laboratory tests. All symtomatic members of the family demonstrated positive bronchoprovocation responses to vegetative cell extracts of B. subtilis. Two patients with clinical disease exhibited immediate positive skin tests to similar extracts. Positive lymphoproliferative responses to the vegetative cell extract of B. subtilis were observed in 4 of 5 symptomatic patients and in 1 additional patient tested with the spore form of B. subtilis. It is postulated that the abrupt appearance of this family epidemic depended on the special circumstance of continued exposure to high concentrations of B. subtilis organisms within the household. B. subtilis should be added to the list of antigens causing hypersensitivity penumonitis. Prompt recognition and elimination of this new causal agent could prevent irreversible lung damage in susceptible patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Preferential synthesis of IgE reaginic antibodies in rats immunized with alum-adsorbed antigens.

The reaginic antibody response to alum-precipitated ovalbumin (OA) and the dialyzed water-soluble extracts of ragweed (DWSR) and Alternaria tenuis (DWST) in several strains of rats appeared to be wholly an IgE response. There was no evidence of a heat-stable (IgGa) antibody to OA, DWSR and DWST in the sera of the rats immunized with these antigens suspended in alum. Wistar-Furth and Lew inbred and hooded outbred rats produced comparable amounts of reaginic antibody after immunization with DWST, but BN inbred rats failed to generate a reaginic response to this antigen. The amount of antigen-induced histamine release from rat peritoneal mast cells did not always correlate with the level of circulating IgE-specific antibody.

Adsorption↗
PubMed1979

Studies on Alternaria allergens. I. Isolation of allergens from Alternaria tenuis and Alternaria solani.

Extracts of Alternaria tenuis and Alternaria solani were separated into dialyzable (molecular weight less than 10,000) and non-dialyzable forms. The latter was further fractionated by gel filtration through Sephadex G-100 followed by ion-exchange chromatography on DEAE-cellulose. The dialyzable material was fractionated by gel filtration through Sephadex G-50. The allergenic activities of the fractions obtained from the A. tenuis extract was measured in vitro by the radioallergosorbent test assay and the allergenic potency was measured by radioallergosorbent test inhibition assay. Allergenic activity was detected in most of the non-dialyzable fractions, the majority of the activity being in the last G-100 fraction (MW approximately 20,000) which was predominantly protein in nature. The same component may be responsible for the activity found in the dialyzate and its first G-50 fraction since the immunodiffusion studies indicated that the last G-100 fraction has antigenic components in common with those of the first G-50 fraction. In addition, cross-reactions between A. tenuis and A. solani extracts show that the two species share common antigenic determinants.

Allergens↗