Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to I Kramer.
A 15-month-old boy, thought to have a congenital myopathy, was subsequently diagnosed as having mucolipidosis type IV, with typical membranous inclusions in muscle fibers. Involvement of skeletal muscle in this lysosomal storage disease may explain the motor delay and hypotonia that are its most common presenting signs.
In inhomogeneous (static) magnetic fields close contact between 'magnetic' human erythrocytes was established. The cells were made magnetic by incubating them in a medium containing small Fe3O4 -particles which adsorbed to the outer membrane surface. Fusion was induced by applying two electric field pulses (field strength: 8.5 kV X cm-1; duration: 60 microseconds) to the magnetically collected cells. This procedure allowed the use of electrically conductive media (3 X 10(-3) omega -1 X cm-1). Fusion of red blood cells occurred very often. If cell suspensions of high density were used fusion resulted in the formation of giant red blood cells with osmotically intact membranes.
Correction of chronic renal acidosis was attempted for 6 weeks in 20 end stage renal failure patients on chronic acetate hemodialysis by means of 6-9 g of sodium bicarbonate given orally by means of gastric juice resistant capsule of 1 g. Normalisation of the inter-dialysis acid base status was obtained without major side effects.
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The pharmacokinetics of the bronchodilator (8r)-3alpha-hydroxy-8-isopropyl-1alphaH,5alphaH-tropanium-bromide-(+/-)-tropate (ipratropiumbromide, Sch 1000, Atrovent) were studied in the rat and the dog after administering radioactive material (14C). The blood level of Sch 1000 following oral dosing showed plateaus in both the rat and the dog over a period of 2--8 h following administration. Subsequent elimination from the blood occurs with a half-life of 7h (rat) and 10 (dog). The half-life of elimination following i.v. administration is 1.9 h (rat) and 3.4 h (dog). In the rat biliary excretion occurs to the extent of 3.2% following oral dosing and 17.7% following i.v. application. In the same species renal excretion is 5.5% following oral administration and 58% following i.v. administration. Renal excretion in the dog, on the other hand, averaged 28% following oral and 55% following i.v. dosing, respectively. On the basis of a comparison of the areas under the blood level curves and also from the renal excretion following oral and i.v. dosing, i.e. disregarding absorption by gastrointestinal tissue, absorption was calculated as being 12% in the rat and 38% in the dog. Absorption in the rat after 1--3 h was calculated at 17--35% including the gastrointestinal tissue. Four metabolites and the unchanged substance could be detected in the 8-h urine of the rat. In the urine of the dog, the percentage of unchanged substance fell from a maximum of 81% (after 1 h) to 20% (after 47 h) in terms of radioactivity in the urine.
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The spectrophotometric method described is quick and effective and a reliable alternative to a titrimetric method for measuring trypsin activity in duodenal juice.
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