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Biomedical subjects

I Klimes

Publications and source records attributed to I Klimes.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Partners of men with HIV infection and haemophilia: controlled investigation of factors associated with psychological morbidity.

The study was concerned with determining the prevalence of psychosocial problems in partners of men with haemophilia and HIV infection, and with identifying factors associated with psychological morbidity. Partners of 17 HIV positive and partners of 19 HIV negative men with haemophilia were assessed in a cross-sectional controlled investigation. Outcome measures included current psychological status and psychiatric history; coping and health beliefs; and social and sexual functioning. Partners of HIV positive men with haemophilia, the majority of whom were asymptomatic, were not found to suffer more psychological difficulties than the partners of HIV negative men with haemophilia. However, partners of haemophiliacs regardless of HIV status suffer from higher levels of psychological distress than comparable women in the community, and those with past psychiatric history and current social difficulties are particularly at risk. The sexual relationships of couples with HIV positive men were more adversely affected than those of HIV negative couples.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1992

The psychosocial impact of HIV infection in gay men. A controlled investigation and factors associated with psychiatric morbidity.

This study aimed to establish the prevalence of psychosocial problems in gay men with HIV infection, and to identify factors associated with psychological morbidity. The study was a cross-sectional controlled investigation, which included 24 HIV seropositive and 25 seronegative gay men. Outcome measures included current psychological status and psychiatric history; coping and health beliefs; and social and sexual functioning. Seropositive subjects had worse scores on the PSE total score, and greater sexual difficulties. There were also differences in health beliefs and coping. Psychological morbidity was associated with hopelessness, previous psychiatric illness, symptomatic HIV disease, and low self-esteem.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1991

[Personal experience with the hypolipidemic agent Olbetam-Acipimox in hyperlipoproteinemia associated with type II diabetes].

The objective of this work was to test in type II diabetics with hyperlipoproteinaemia the action of a new analogue of nicotinic acid--Acipimox (Olbetam, Farmitalia Carlo Erba). The investigation comprised 24 patients of whom 16 took for three months Olbetam (250 mg 3 x per day by the oral route) and 8 patients were given placebo. The investigated biochemical parameters were examined before administration of the preparation was started and 4 and 12 weeks following its administration. Contrary to the group taking placebo, in the group taking Olbetam a significant decline of the triglyceride serum level occurred and a slight decline of total serum cholesterol levels and increase of HDL-cholesterol and the atherogenic risk indexes were thus more favourable. The results indicate that Olbetam is a satisfactory hypolipidemic agent for the treatment of diabetic hyperlipoproteinaemia.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Psychological treatment for atypical non-cardiac chest pain: a controlled evaluation.

Thirty-one patients with atypical non-cardiac chest pain which had persisted despite negative medical investigation were treated in a controlled trial of cognitive-behavioural therapy. The average duration of pain was 4.7 years. Patients were randomized to either immediate treatment or as a control to assessment only. Treatment involved teaching patients how to anticipate and control symptoms, and modification of inappropriate health beliefs. The average number of sessions given was 7.2. There were significant reductions in chest pain. limitations and disruption of daily life, autonomic symptoms, distress and psychological morbidity in the treated group as compared with the control group who were unchanged. The assessment-only group were treated subsequently and showed comparable changes. Improvements were fully maintained by both treated groups at four- to six-months follow-up.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1990

Bgl II-restriction fragment length polymorphism of the insulin receptor gene in patients with type-II diabetes mellitus.

As an approach to estimate the involvement of the insulin receptor gene in the etiopathogenesis of type-II diabetes mellitus we determined the distribution of the alleles of a restriction fragment length polymorphism of this gene (Bgl II-RFLP) in a group of type-II diabetics. The patients had been characterized by insulin and C-peptide values during OGTT and insulin receptor binding indices. The difference in allelic distribution to a healthy control group (10% "+"-allele in diabetics versus 18% in control persons), was not significant in chi 2-analysis.

Alleles↗
PubMed1990

The management of atypical non-cardiac chest pain.

Atypical, non-cardiac chest pain is common and disabling, and often persists despite negative medical investigations. Aetiology is disputed and management is difficult. A multi-causal model in which both psychological and physical factors play a part is helpful; a fundamental factor is continued misinterpretation of minor physical symptoms as evidence of heart disease. We report supportive evidence and describe a psychological treatment derived from the model. In a randomized trial, cognitive behavioural methods were effective in reducing chest pain, disability and use of medication, in patients both with and without psychiatric disorder. The clinical implications are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Knowledge and attitudes of health care staff about HIV infection in a health district with low HIV prevalence.

The level of awareness of HIV related problems and their implications for health workers were investigated in Oxford, where the problem of HIV infection has not reached the levels of other metropolitan areas. Four hundred nurses and doctors in Oxford were surveyed to ascertain their knowledge about HIV infection, their attitudes to care of HIV patients, and to examine the relationship between knowledge and attitudes. The response rate was 64%. Professional groups differed in their knowledge and attitudes, and staff lacked some basic information about HIV transmission and safety relevant to hospital care. Accurate knowledge about HIV infection and positive attitudes to the care of HIV patients were highly correlated. However, anxiety about HIV infection, which could interfere with the optimum care of patients, affected one quarter of staff surveyed. Implications for staff training are discussed.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1989

[Hormonal changes in diseases of the gastrointestinal tract].

Gastrointestinal hormones and regulatory peptides of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) influence many digestive functions and therefore it is essential in diseases of the GIT to search also for changes of GIT hormones in plasma or for an altered response of the target organ to hormonal abnormalities. An unequivocal physiological function is known so far only in gastrin, cholecystokinin, secretin, gastric inhibitory polypeptide, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, motilin, somatostatin, glucagon and pancreatic polypeptide. The authors analyzes therefore different nosological unites, or clinical syndromes associated with excessive production of gastrin, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, glucagon and somatostatin. He discusses also the syndrome of malignant carcinoid caused by excessive formation of serotonin in the enterochromaffin cells of the GIT which by its symptoms can imitate some apudomas of the GIT.

Gastrointestinal Diseases↗
PubMed1987

Anxiety management for persistent generalised anxiety.

A preliminary controlled investigation of the effectiveness of Anxiety Management as a treatment for generalised anxiety disorder (GAD) is described. Patients with a primary diagnosis of GAD, in which the current episode had lasted for at least 6 months but not more than 2 years, were included. Anxiety Management, a self-help treatment including procedures for managing somatic and cognitive symptoms, and for dealing with avoidance and low self-confidence, was given either immediately or after a 12-week waiting period. The average length of treatment was 8.7 sessions. Highly significant changes in anxiety, depression, and problem ratings were shown after treatment. These changes were replicated when the waiting list group had also received treatment, and gains were maintained by both groups for 6 months. Similar degrees of improvement and maintenance of change were shown in subgroups with and without minor depressive disorder or recurrent panic attacks.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Effect of n-hexane inhalation on insulin degradation in rat blood in vitro.

Effect of inhalation of an air-n-hexane mixture on insulin degradation in rat blood in vitro was studied under simultaneous monitoring of n-hexane concentrations in blood (using gas chromatography) and in the inhaled air (using infrared analysis). Inhalation of n-hexane vapours in a concentration of 54,694 +/- 1933 ppm (197 +/- 7 g m-3) resulted in blood n-hexane saturation within 15 min. (0.18 +/- 0.023 mg ml-1) associated with a statistically increased (P less than 0.002) insulin degradation in the blood of exposed rats as compared to control animals 0.152 +/- 0.03 vs. 0.053 +/- 0.003). To rule out possible effects of stress on the results obtained, effects of both, 20 min restraint stress (RS) and equally long handling (HAN) on insulin degradation were also estimated. The data thus obtained were compared with insulin degradation in control (C) rats which were killed by decapitation in the animal room. No significant differences were observed between the individual groups (C: 0.055 +/- 0.08; RS: 0.068 +/- 0.01; HAN: 0.069 +/- 0.015). In vitro addition of n-hexane to pure plasma or to a mixture of blood elements revealed that degradation activities present in the cellular blood compartment are required for the n-hexane-induced enhancement of insulin degradation in the blood to occur.

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMed1985

Comparison of radiochemical purity and tissue binding of labelled insulin prepared by lactoperoxidase and chloramine T iodination.

The radiochemical purity and tissue binding of 125I-insulin labelled by conventional chloramine T method were compared with those of (A14)-monoiodoinsulin prepared by lactoperoxidase iodination. In the first case the labelled insulin was purified on a cellulose column, while (A14)-monoiodoinsulin prepared with the aid of lactoperoxidase was purified on a column of QAE Sephadex A-25. After the digestion of labelled insulin by pronase about 15 percent of diiodoinsulin was found after chloramine T iodination, while a negligible amount (i.e. less than 1 percent) was detected after the use of lactoperoxidase. In addition, no damage of insulin molecules was found after the use of the latter method and the purification on QAE Sephadex A-25 yielded a homogenous preparation of insulin. Specific binding to isolated rat fat cells, rat liver plasma membranes and human erythrocytes was consistently higher in the case of (A14)-monoiodoinsulin compared to the insulin labelled by chloramine T method.

Adipose Tissue↗