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Biomedical subjects

I Kinalska

Publications and source records attributed to I Kinalska.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1998

Decreased in vitro IL-4 [corrected] and IL-10 production by peripheral blood in first degree relatives at high risk of diabetes type-I.

There is mounting evidence that the imbalance between Th1 and Th2 lymphocyte subsets plays a key role in the development of autoimmune diabetes in NOD mice, but it is also possible in humans. The aim of the present study was the estimation of in vitro production of Th1 (INF-gamma, IL-2) and Th2-derived (IL-4, IL-10) cytokines by peripheral blood in ICA and GADA positive first degree relatives of Type-I diabetes patients, since they could represent primary events triggering an immune-mediated islets destruction. The study was performed in 25 subjects at risk of insulin-dependent diabetes and 21 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Cytokine levels in supernatants of whole blood cultures with PHA (10 microg/ml) were quantified by ELISA. We observed a lower concentration of IL-4 in culture supernatants in ICA and GADA positive relatives as compared with the control group, both at 48 h and at 72 h of incubation. Similarly, in the prediabetic group, lower IL-10 levels at 48 and 72 h of culture were found. We did not observe statistical differences in in vitro production of IL-2 and INF-gamma by peripheral blood in high risk diabetes mellitus subjects and healthy controls. In subjects at increased risk of Type-I diabetes, levels of IL-4 positively correlated with those of IL-10. There were negative correlations between IL-10 concentration after 48 h of incubation and levels of HbA1C. In conclusion our study has shown decreased IL-4 and IL-10 production, but normal secretion of Th1-derived cytokines by peripheral blood of prediabetic humans. This could suggest that the early stage of autoimmune process in Type-I diabetes in humans is associated with decreased function of Th2-cells rather than overactivation of Th1 subset in the peripheral blood.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Effect of glycosaminoglycans on urinary albumin excretion in insulin-dependent diabetic patients with micro- or macroalbuminuria.

The aim of this study was to investigate whether sulodexide treatment is capable of influencing urinary albumin excretion rate (UAER) in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus patients (type I) with micro- or macroalbuminuria. A total of 14-inpatients (seven with micro and seven with macroalbuminuria) were enrolled and were treated first intramuscularly with a 60 mg vial of sulodexide/day for 10 days, and then orally with 25 mg capsules twice a day for 21 days. UAER was estimated before starting treatment (T0), after the i.m. treatment phase (T1) and at the end of the oral treatment (T2). No statistically significant differences in hematochemical and coagulative parameters were registered after treatment, with respect to basal values. On the contrary, a marked decrease in UAER mean values was registered at the end of both the parenteral and the oral treatment periods (T0: 349.9 mg/24 h, range 80-820; T1: 237 mg/24 h, range 7-620; T2: 91.4 mg/24 h, range: 2-306). All the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.001) versus baseline. At T2, a normalisation of UAER was observed in three microalbuminuric and in two macroalbuminuric patients, and a remarkable decrease was found in additional four and five patients, respectively. UAER was found to be still significantly lower than at baseline after 6 weeks of follow-up. This preliminary study suggests that sulodexide is effective in reducing UAER in type I patients with diabetic nephropathy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Increased in vitro interleukin-12 production by peripheral blood in high-risk IDDM first degree relatives.

Cytokines secreted by antigen presenting cells, lymphocytes T and pancreatic beta cells are considered as the major mediators in the pathogenesis of IDDM. It has been suggested that cytokines released by macrophages/monocytes could have an initial role in beta-cell damage. The aim of the present study was the estimation of in vitro production of macrophage-derived cytokines: IL-1 beta, TNF-alpha, IL-12 by peripheral blood in high risk IDDM first degree relatives, since it could reflect early events leading to the development of type 1 diabetes in humans. The study was performed in 25 high risk IDDM subjects and 21 age and sex-matched healthy controls. IL-1 beta, TNF-alpha and IL-12 concentrations in supernatants of whole blood cultures with PHA (10 micrograms/ml) were quantified by ELISA. In the ICA positive relatives of IDDM subjects levels of IL-12 were significantly higher as compared with the control group, both at 48 h (p < 0.02) and at 72 h (p < 0.05) of incubation and positively correlated with TNF-alpha and IL-1 beta (R = 0.46, p < 0.02 and R = 0.32, p < 0.05). We did not observe statistical differences in in vitro production of TNF-alpha and IL-1 beta between the study groups. In conclusion we suggest that our findings support the hypothesis, that IL-12 is involved in the pathogenesis of human IDDM. If the involvement of Th1 cells is confirmed in the destruction of islet beta-cells, it is possible that IL-12 antagonists will have a role in the future prevention of insulin dependent diabetes mellitus.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

A pilot study of the effect of the glycosaminoglycan sulodexide on microalbuminuria in type I diabetic patients.

Fifteen out-patients with type I diabetes mellitus and microalbuminuria (mean +/- SEM: 95.4 +/- 13.9 micrograms/min), were administered the glycosaminoglycan sulodexide, with the aim of investigating its influence on the rate of albumin excretion. Sulodexide was given intramuscularly in a dose of 600 lipoproteinlipase releasing units/day for three weeks. Albumin excretion was measured before dosing, at weekly intervals during dosing and also during the subsequent follow-up period of six weeks. Sulodexide yielded a clear-cut and statistically significant lowering of albumin excretion after the first week of treatment (from 95.4 +/- 13.9 micrograms/min to 53.6 +/- 11.1 micrograms/min; p = 0.0055); albumin excretion was further decreased after three weeks of treatment (26.5 +/- 6.05 micrograms/min; p = 0.0007) and was maintained during the follow-up period, at the end of which the mean value was still significantly lower than at baseline (39.6 +/- 10.3 micrograms/min; p = 0.01). Sulodexide short-term administration did not influence the routine haematological, haematochemical and coagulative tests performed contemporaneously. Patients' compliance with treatment was very good and no adverse events were reported.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

[Peptide C and insulin after delivery in women with gestational diabetes].

Gestational diabetes is a disease appearing in many forms. Up till now the etiopathogenesis was not clearly defined. It has been suggested that counterregulatory of pregnancy or diminished B-cells could the major contributory factors. The aim of the present study was to retrospective verify the diagnoses of gestational diabetes. The investigation was carried out in 42 women aged 25-39 yrs, mean age 30 +/- 6 yrs. Diabetes was diagnosed in the 2nd, and 3rd, trimesters of pregnancy, 30 women were treated by diet only, 25 kcal/kg b.w. depending on weight, and 12 patients had intensified insulin therapy of mean daily dose 18 +/- 8 U. Three to nine months after delivery a glucose tolerance test as well as estimation of C-peptide and insulin concentration by RIA in basic conditions and after administration of 1 mg of glucagon were performed. In the group of women treated by diet only, normal values of glycaemia in glucose tolerance test were observed. C-peptide concentration measured before administration of glucagon was 1.15 +/- 0.49 ng/ml and after administration of 1 mg of glucagon was 3.14 +/- 1.44 ng/ml. In the majority of patients treated during pregnancy with insulin the results of oral glucose tolerance test were pathological. The concentrations of C-peptide in the test with glucagon were significantly lower (0.33 +/- 0.16 and 0.38 +/- 0.32 ng/ml). The concentrations of insulin were much lower in comparison to women treated with diet and healthy controls, these results suggest that, if gestational diabetes could be controlled by diet only, disturbances of carbohydrate metabolism would disappear, however, if insulin therapy was necessary during pregnancy, disturbances of the carbohydrate metabolism would be prolonged.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

[Diabetic foot--an attempt at defining the risk factors for amputation].

The study included 65 patients--42 males and 23 females aged 67 +/- 17 with the diabetic foot syndrome. They were divided into 2 groups: those who underwent amputation (25 patients) and 40 who were treated conservatively. Amputations were preceded most frequently by ulceration (17 cases), phlegmona (5 cases) or dry necrosis (3 cases). The high percentage of amputations in the studied patients could be explained, at least in part, by poor general condition and advanced local changes. In the group of patients, who underwent amputation--in relation to those treated conservatively a decrease in filtration function was found (46.0 +/- 24.3 vs 89.5 +/- 26.2) and a higher percentage in the prevalence of microalbuminuria or proteinuria (80% vs 45%) as well as a higher percentage of cigarettes smokers in this group (72% vs 40%). The majority of the studied patients was characterized by poor education, lack of self-control of glycaemia, no efficient metabolic control of diabetes, measured by glycated haemoglobin and the presence of neuropathy and retinopathy. In addition, in 4 patients among the whole studied group (including 1 patient who underwent amputation), diabetes was newly diagnosed. These results indicate the necessity of improving education, early diagnosis of insulin independent diabetes, more frequent foot examinations and the elimination of amputation risk factors. Prophylaxis of diabetes foot associated with the proper treatment of diabetes is a necessary condition for decreasing of the amputation rate according to St. Vincent Declaration.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

Effect of thyrotropin and adenosine on inositol phospholipids pathway in human thyroid in Graves' disease.

The present study demonstrates that exposure of human thyroid slices obtained during planned surgery of patients with Graves' disease to thyrotropin stimulates the phospholipid metabolism as measured by an increase incorporation of 2-myo-[3H]-inositol into phosphatidylinositol and poliphosphatidylinositides and the generation of InsP3. The results indicate that adenosine, probably via the A1 type of P1 receptor, modulates these actions, both incorporation of labelled substrate into thyroid slices as well as its metabolism to active compounds which could play a role in a cell signalling system. These observations indicate the significance of the phosphatidilinositol pathway in signal transmission of both, thyrotropin as well as P1 purinergic receptors agonists in human thyroid.

Adenosine↗
PubMed1994

Effect of thyrotropin on inositol phospholipids pathway in human thyroid non-toxic goitre.

The present study demonstrates that exposure of human thyroid slices to thyrotropin causes an increase in phospholipid metabolism as measured by an increased incorporation of myo-2-[3H]-inositol into phosphatidylinositol, the generation of InsP3 and formation of GInsP as well as metabolism of phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidic acid. These results indicate that adenosine, probably via the A1 type of P1 receptor, modulates both incorporation of labelled substrate into thyroid slices and its metabolism to active compounds which could play a role in a cell signalling system. These observations confirmed suggestions about the physiological role of the phosphatidylinositol pathway in signalling action of thyrotropin and purinergic receptors in human thyroid.

Adenosine↗
PubMed1994

Incidence of thyroid autoantibodies in the endemic goiter.

The aim of our study was to investigate the incidence of thyroid autoantibodies (TA) in the endemic region of the north-eastern Poland. The mean titres of ATMA and TGAb were measured in 1508 randomly chosen persons aged 3 to 68 yrs. ATMA or TGAb were positive in 17% of the population studied. Frequency and mean titres of TA were observed to increase with age. Autoantibodies were more frequently noted in persons with parenchymatous goiter. There was no correlation between the incidence of autoantibodies and goiter enlargement, however, the highest percentage of TGA was noted in people with large thyroid (III). TA were also found in 10% of the subjects without goitre. Our results do not confirm the hypothesis that thyroid autoantibodies play a key role in the pathogenesis of endemic goiter.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Iodine prophylaxis in the aftermath of the Chernobyl accident in the area of Sejny in north-eastern Poland.

The aim of our study was the estimation of the effects, possible side-effects and immunological reactions after the mass iodine prophylaxis following the Chernobyl nuclear disaster. 1457 subjects, aged 6-55 yrs, filled in our questionnaires and in 1191 of them the titres of antithyroid antibodies (TA) including ATMA--Anti-Human Thyroid Membrane Antibodies and TGAb--Anti-Thyreoglobulin Antibodies were estimated. Our study revealed that the prophylaxis, recommended in Poland only for children and teenagers was widely used (more than 90%) and relatively safe. No serious side effects, especially in pregnant women consuming KI were reported. The frequency and mean titres of TA were similar in adults who took and did not take stable iodine. The incidence of TA could be connected with many different factors including iodine deficiency, endemy of goitre as well as iodine prophylaxis. The reason of this phenomenon may be explained in long-term population studies.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

[Acceptance and subjective evaluation of intensive insulin therapy and an educational program by pregnant women with insulin dependent diabetes].

The study was carried out in 71 IDDM female diabetics: 51 pregnant women aged 28.6 +/- 3.6 yrs, and 20 IDDM female patients aged 26 +/- 5 yrs. All women had been treated with intensified insulin therapy and continuous self-monitoring. All the patients participated in the five day educational programme at the beginning of therapy. The patients were requested to fill in a multiple-choice test questionnaire with questions about their knowledge of the practical aspects of diabetes, effectiveness of the educational programme, difficulties and acceptance of management. The diabetic pregnant women gave subjective estimations of the development of their children. Mean ratio of correct answers to 7 questions estimating the level of knowledge of diabetes was in diabetic pregnant patients 70% which was higher than in other IDDM female patients. 27% IDDM pregnant women estimated the course as very difficult. The main causes of difficulties in management in the investigated patients were self-estimating control of diabetes, dietary programme, frequent selfmonitoring. The majority of diabetic pregnant women (82%) and all IDDM females could and did accept the whole management programme. In conclusion the general aspects of management were accepted both by diabetic pregnant and non-pregnant women. The major difficulties were realisation of dietetic management and often estimations of glycemia during selfmonitoring of diabetes. The short, five-day educational course is beneficial in the IDDM management.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Iodine deficiency disorders in the north-eastern region of Poland (Białystok coordinating center).

This epidemiologic survey was carried out during the period between November 1992 and February 1993. Altogether 1431 children of age between 6 and 13 years from randomly selected 4 rural and 4 city schools were included into the study. The measurements of body height and weight, estimation of thyroid size by palpation and by USG were performed in every case. Urine was also sampled to measure iodine concentration with cerium-arsenic method. In 39.1% of the examined children goiter was found by physical examination and was more frequent in the rural group (41%) than in the urban children (36%). Mean iodine concentration in the urine was significantly higher in the group with goiter (52.7 micrograms/l) than in the group without goiter (42.3 micrograms/l) No symptoms of hypothyroidism were observed in the studied group. Moreover the presence of goiter had no influence on physical development of the children. According to the questionnaires, iodized salt is used by 26% of children in the cities and 16% in the villages. Neither iodine level in the urine nor prevalence of goiter was markedly affected by iodine prophylaxis. We conclude that the north-eastern region of Poland in an area of a moderate iodine deficiency and that the present model of iodine prophylaxis is insufficient.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

[Epidemiologic examinations of goiter in the population of the Sejny community].

The study was aimed at the evaluation of incidence of goiter in the population of the community of Sejny. The survey comprising 1520 subjects revealed the presence of thyroid enlargement in 31.8% of the subjects studied, indicating the occurrence of a mild endemy. The facts speaking for this type of endemy are: predominance of cases with goiter of OB or I degree (83%), higher incidence of goiter in women than in men (3.3 times), occurrence of nodular goiter in 12% of cases with goiter, and sporadic appearance of hypothyroidism. Goiter endemy in the population of this area can be attributed to such goitrogenic factors as low level of iodine and high content of calcium in the water, tobacco smoking, and a habit of drinking tap water.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

[Epidemiology of thyroid diseases in the population of the Sejny community after the atomic catastrophe in Chernobyl].

The survey carried out in 1990 covering the population of Sejny community, sponsored by the Ministry of Health and Welfare, program MZXVII, demonstrated the occurrence of goiter in 33.6% of studied persons. Such an incidence can rightly be recognized as an endemy. Predominance of cases with small or moderate enlargement of the thyroid (OB and I), low percentage of nodules (18%), and 2.8 times more frequent occurrence of goiter in women allows o characterize the endemy as mild. The percentage of goiter in this population does not differ from that found in this area before the Chernobyl disaster. However a small increase in the incidence of thyroid enlargement in a group of boys of age between 17 and 19 years, and an increase in percentage of nodular goiter in whole population was noted. The questionnaire studies confirmed in addition a high effectiveness of mass iodine prophylaxis introduced after the atomic disaster, especially in the population of developmental age. However, because of the latency period concerning the possible effects, the results obtained will be verified in the course of long-term prospective studies.

Accidents↗