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Biomedical subjects

I Kennedy

Publications and source records attributed to I Kennedy.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Antenatal records: do they help us? A new record for watching fetal growth.

An antenatal record is described which uses a questionnaire to detect mothers and babies at risk, and a graph for charting fetal growth indirectly, by maternal weight, height of fundus, and girth, to give a clear picture. By working out scores for fetal growth and cervical ripeness, guidance is given on when to take action to save babies likely to be born too soon or too late. Our slogan, "Be a Fetal Growth Watcher", serves as a mnemonic for: "Fundus, Girth, Weight".

Botswana↗
PubMed1982

Comparison of the potencies of some prostaglandins as vasodilators in three vascular beds of the anaesthetised dog.

Following close intra-arterial administration to the carotid and femoral arterial beds of the anaesthetised dog the rank order of potency for producing vasodilation was PGE greater than 11-deoxy PGE0 greater than PGA greater than PGI2 greater than PGB with the 1- and 2-series prostaglandins equipotent. PGI2 was about 60 times weaker than PGE1. In the mesenteric arterial bed the rank order of potency for producing vasodilation was the same except PGI2 was about equipotent with PGE1. The absolute potency of the prostaglandins, with the exception of PGI, was similar on all three vascular beds. A similar differential action of PGI2 relative to PGE1 was also observed following both left intraventricular and intravenous administration. We suggest that all three arterial beds contain PGE-receptors mediating vasodilatation at which the E-series prostaglandins are potent and PGI2 is weak. In addition the mesenteric bed contains PGI2-receptors which are absent or sparse in the carotid and femoral beds.

Alprostadil↗
PubMed1982

Studies on the characterisation of prostanoid receptors: a proposed classification.

Comparison of rank orders of agonist potency of the naturally occurring prostanoids, PGD2, PGE2, PGF2 alpha and PGI2 as well as the stable TxA2 mimetic, U-46619, on a range of smooth muscle preparations provides evidence for the existence of distinct receptors for PGE2, PGF2 alpha and TxA2. Since others have provided evidence for the existence of distinct receptors for PGD2 and PGI2, we suggest that receptors exist for each of these naturally occurring 2-series prostanoids. Results obtained with two specific prostanoid receptor blocking drugs, SC-19220 and AH 19437, support and extend these conclusions. SC-19220 selectively blocks some but not all PGE-sensitive receptors, while AH 19437 selectively blocks all U-46619/TxA2-sensitive receptors. A nomenclature for prostanoid receptors is proposed, in which each receptor is designated the letter P preceded by a letter signifying the most potent natural prostanoid agonist at that receptor, such that receptors sensitive to PGs D2, E2, F2 alpha, I2 and TxA2 become DP-, EP-, FP-, IP and TP- receptors respectively. Where some sub-division is required within a receptor group, e.g. EP-receptors (SC-19220-sensitive and SC-19220-insensitive), subscript numbers may be used such that these are EP1 and EP2 subtypes. The resulting scheme is a working hypothesis and its confirmation requires the development of potent selective prostanoid receptor blocking drugs for each postulated type.

15-Hydroxy-11 alpha,9 alpha-(epoxymethano)prosta-5↗
PubMed1981

The release and metabolism of [3H]arachidonic acid from guinea pig perfused lungs in vitro: a simple method for the study of the action of drugs on the release and metabolism of arachidonic acid.

We have adapted the radiolabeled, perfused organ technique of Isakson et al. (1976) for use with guinea pig lungs. After incorporation [3H]arachidonic acid was taken up into the lung phospholipids. The injection of bradykinin (1-100 microgram) caused a dose-related release of tritium [3H]. The composition of the tritium released by the lungs was found to be a mixture of cyclo-oxygenase and lipoxygenase metabolites together with some unchanged arachidonic acid. In order to demonstrate how this technique can be utilized to study the effect of drugs on arachidonic acid release and metabolism, the actions of mepacrine and indomethacin on bradykinin-induced [3H] release were studied. Mepacrine (50-200 microM) produced a concentration-related reduction in bradykinin-induced [3H] release whereas indomethacin (10 microM) was without effect on [3H] release. Indomethacin did, however, reduce the levels of cyclo-oxygenase products in the perfusate.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Comparison of the actions of U-46619, a prostaglandin H2-analogue, with those of prostaglandin H2 and thromboxane A2 on some isolated smooth muscle preparations.

1 The actions of the prostaglandin H2 (PGH2) analogue, U-46619, have been compared with those of PGH2 on thromboxane A2 (TxA2) on a range of isolated smooth muscle preparations in a superfusion cascade system. 2 U-46619 was a potent agonist on guinea-pig lung strip, dog saphenous vein and rat and rabbit aortae. In contrast, U-46619 was weak or inactive on guinea-pig ileum and fundic strip, cat trachea and dog and cat iris sphincter muscles, preparations on which either PGE2 or PGF2 alpha was the most potent agonist studied. 3 PGH2 was active on all of the preparations and displayed little selectivity. On some of the preparations, the actions of PGH2 may have been mediated indirectly by conversion to other prostanoids. 4 In contrast, TxA2 displayed the same pattern of selectivity as U-46619, being a potent agonist on the lung strip and vascular preparations but weak or inactive on the others. 5 It is suggested that U-46619 is a selective TxA2-mimetic and that it should therefore be a valuable tool in the study of the actions of TxA2.

15-Hydroxy-11 alpha,9 alpha-(epoxymethano)prosta-5↗
PubMed1981

Evoked potentials in severe head injury--analysis and relation to outcome.

Somatosensory, visual and auditory cortical and brainstem evoked responses were obtained from 32 patients with severe head injury. A simple count of the number of waves present in the various responses provided the optimum method of analysing the data. The results of each cortical response, but not of the brainstem response, correlated with outcome, and a combined assessment gave the highest correlation. The data provided only slight improvement on predictions based upon clinical features.

Brain Stem↗
PubMed1980

The Prince of Wales Hospital prospective aphakic macular oedema study.

A two year study of one hundred and forty five cataract extractions showed a 38% incidence of post operative macular oedema. The leak had resolved in most cases by six months and the only factor of significance in the production of the oedema was preoperative hypertension. The likelihood of obtaining 6/6 vision postoperatively was much lessened in the presence of macular oedema.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Contractile and relaxant actions of prostaglandins on guinea-pig isolated trachea.

1 The effects of 12 prostaglandins on guinea-pig isolated trachea have been examined in the presence of indomethacin. Two series of experiments were carried out, the first on preparations without tone ('zero tone'), and the second on preparations with tone induced with acetylcholine ('high tone'). 2 The compounds tested fell into two groups. The first, comprising prostaglandins F1 alpha, F2 alpha, F2 alpha acetal, I2 and Wy 17186, contracted both zero and high tone preparations. The second, comprising prostaglandins A1, A2, B1, B2, E1, E2 and F2 beta, contracted zero, but relaxed high tone preparations. Responses to the second group of compounds are probably the resultant of their contractile and relaxant actions. 3 The order of potency for contracting zero tone preparations was prostaglandin E (PGE) greater than F = 1 = Wy 17186 greater than B greater than A, 2-series compounds being 5 to 18 times more potent than 1-series compounds. 4 The order of potency for relaxing high tone preparations was PGE greater than F beta greater than B greater than A greater than Wy 17186 greater than F alpha = I = 0. There was little difference between the potency of 1- and 2-series compounds. 5 The possible relevance of these results to the interpretation of the effects of prostaglandins on human airways is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

A double-blind controlled trial of acetate versus bicarbonate dialysate.

A controlled, cross-over trial of bicarbonate versus acetate hemodialysis over a 24 wk period in 16 patients with end-stage renal failure has shown a significantly lower incidence of dialysis-related symptoms during dialysis with bicarbonate. The level of well-being in the intervals between dialysis was not appreciably affected by the dialysis mode. It is suggested that bicarbonate dialysis should be made available to all patients receiving regular hemodialysis for end-stage renal failure provided that this can be done reliably and safely.

Acetates↗