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Biomedical subjects

I Kelly

Publications and source records attributed to I Kelly.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2004

A three-dimensional classification for fractures of the proximal humerus.

Existing classifications of fractures of the head of the humerus are inadequate in terms of interobserver reliability and the predictability of the clinical outcome. From a combined study of 73 fracture specimens in museums and 84 CT-three-dimensional reconstructions in patients, we have devised a classification which appears to be more useful clinically. Common patterns of fracture and a plausible mechanism of injury were observed. In 3-D most proximal humeral fractures can be organised into five basic types. These correspond in some degree to the Codman/Neer classification, but differ significantly in regard to the more complex patterns of fracture. We observed a logical progression from simple to complex fractures. An interobserver reliability study was carried out which indicated the improved usefulness of this new 3-D concept in providing a common language among clinicians for classifying these injuries. When surgery is indicated, the 3-D concept is also invaluable in guiding the restitution of anatomy through either open or percutaneous means.

Cadaver↗
PubMed1999

Dietary flavonols protect diabetic human lymphocytes against oxidative damage to DNA.

Diabetic patients have reduced antioxidant defenses and suffer from an increased risk of free radical-mediated diseases such as coronary heart disease. Epidemiological evidence has suggested that antioxidant dietary flavonoids may protect against heart disease, but a biological effect has yet to be demonstrated directly in humans. In this study, 10 stable type 2 diabetic patients were treated for 2 weeks on a low-flavonol diet and for 2 weeks on the same diet supplemented with 76-110 mg of flavonols (mostly quercetin) provided by 400 g of onions (and tomato sauce) and six cups of tea daily. Freshly collected lymphocytes were subjected to standard oxidative challenge with hydrogen peroxide, and DNA damage was measured by single-cell gel electrophoresis. Fasting plasma flavonol concentrations (measured by high-performance liquid chromatography) were 5.6 +/- 2.9 ng/ml on the low-flavonol diet and increased 12-fold to 72.1 +/- 15.8 ng/ml on the high-flavonol diet (P < 0.001). Oxidative damage to lymphocyte DNA was 220 +/- 12 on an arbitrary scale of 0-400 U on the low-flavonol diet and 192 +/- 14 on the high-flavonol diet (P = 0.037). This decrease was not accounted for by any change in the measurements of diabetic control (fasting plasma glucose or fructosamine) or by any change in the plasma levels of known antioxidants, including vitamin C, carotenoids, alpha-tocopherol, urate, albumin, and bilirubin. In conclusion, we have shown a biological effect of potential medical importance that appears to be associated with the absorption of dietary flavonols.

Aged↗
PubMed1998

Molecular basis of film formation from a soybean protein: comparison between the conformation of glycinin in aqueous solution and in films.

Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy has been used to investigate the conformational changes of glycinin. a major storage protein of soybean seeds, upon film-forming. The results show that the secondary structure of glycinin is mainly composed of a beta-sheet (48%) and unordered (49%) structures. The amide I band of glycinin in film-forming conditions, i.e. in alkaline media and in the presence of plasticizing agent, reveals the conversion of 18% of the secondary structure of the protein from the beta-sheet (6%) and random coil (12%) to the alpha-helical conformation due to the helicogenic effect of the ethylene glycol used as the plasticizing agent. Conformational changes also occur upon the film-forming process leading to the formation of intermolecular hydrogen-bonded beta-sheet structures. Results obtained from other plant families indicate that, whatever the origin and conformation of protein, formation of films leads to the appearance of intermolecular hydrogen-bonded beta-sheet structures, suggesting that this type of structure might be essential for the network formation in films. Thus, it is hypothesized that, in the film state, intermolecular hydrogen bonding between segments of beta-sheet may act as junction zones in the film network. This study reveals for the first time that there is a close relationship between the conformation of proteins and the mechanical properties of films.

Globulins↗
PubMed1992

The influence of needle size on post-myelography headache: a controlled trial.

This study aimed to test the hypothesis that the use of fine rather than larger calibre needles for myelography reduces the incidence of post-procedural headache. 160 patients were randomized in a prospective controlled trial of 22 gauge versus 26 gauge needles. The incidence and overall severity of headache as measured at 1, 4 and 21 days after myelography was not significantly different in the two groups.

Female↗
PubMed1990

A precore-defective mutant of hepatitis B virus associated with e antigen-negative chronic liver disease.

The pathogenesis of chronic liver disease (CLD) due to persistent hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection has not been defined, but the disease activity is believed to correlate with the presence of hepatitis B e-antigen (HBeAg) antigenemia and high viremia. The molecular characterization of an HBV mutant isolated from an HBeAg-negative patient with severe CLD required amplification of the circulating HBV DNA (2 pg/ml) by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Direct sequencing of the nucleotides from five independent amplifications of the conserved precore region consistently revealed a G to A mutation in each of the two terminal codons of the precore region. Codon 28 was mutated from tryptophan-encoding TGG to a translational stop codon, TAG; codon 29 preceding the core initiation codon was changed from GGC to GAC. For biologic evaluation of these mutations on HBV replication and expression of HBeAg in vitro, HepG2 cells were transfected with cloned, recircularized mutant HBV DNA. The transfected cells contained subviral core particles in the cytoplasm and secreted mature HBV, without HBeAg, into the medium. The findings present the first evidence that complete HBV genomes can be amplified by PCR and are replication-competent in vitro. The data also indicate that HBeAg is not necessary for replication of HBV and furthermore suggest that HBeAg is not required for the progression of HBV-induced CLD.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Detection, semiquantitation, and genetic variation in hepatitis C virus sequences amplified from the plasma of blood donors with elevated alanine aminotransferase.

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is the predominant etiologic agent of posttransfusion non-A, non-B hepatitis, characterized by undulating elevation of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and chronic liver disease. A commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay detected antibodies to HCV (anti-HCV) in 11 specimens among 101 nontransfusable plasma units obtained from asymptomatic, volunteer blood donors with elevated levels' of ALT. Using a combined reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay developed by us, HCV RNA was detected in 0.6 ml of plasma from 8 of 11 (73%) of the anti-HCV-positive but in none of the 90 anti-HCV-negative specimens. The relatively low concentration of HCV RNA could be detected in the remaining three anti-HCV-positive specimens when 2.4 ml of plasma was analyzed. The plasma concentration of virions was estimated to range from 10(2) to 5 x 10(7)/ml. Direct sequencing performed on the PCR-amplified HCV cDNAs (210 base pairs) from three specimens revealed heterogeneity between 2.5 and 8.6% at the nucleotide level and less than 4% at the amino acid level. Our findings demonstrate that RT-PCR can be performed with 2.4 ml of plasma, providing an assay for the direct detection of HCV RNA and confirming the existence of an asymptomatic carrier state for HCV infection in the apparently healthy anti-HCV-positive donors.

Alanine Transaminase↗
PubMed1988

Treatment of hip fractures in rheumatoid arthritis.

Of 1100 femoral neck fractures observed through an eight-year period, 27 occurred in rheumatoid conditions. The complications and functional results were compared with unselected femoral neck fracture data of nonrheumatoid patients. At two-year follow-up examinations, five of 27 surviving rheumatoid patients had had undisplaced fractures; one of the five developed segmental femoral head collapse. Nineteen of 20 patients with displaced fractures lost position or developed non-union or segmental femoral head collapse; 14 required total hip arthroplasty. In the control non-rheumatoid group, six of 27 undisplaced fractures and 34 of 67 displaced fractures developed complications. In displaced fractures, complications occurred more often in rheumatoid patients (p less than 0.0004). Because in rheumatoid patients internal fixation in displaced fractures is associated with an unacceptably high failure rate, primary hip arthroplasty may prove to be the procedure of choice.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Cup arthroplasty of the rheumatoid shoulder.

Hemiarthroplasty of the humeral head, using a stainless steel cup, was performed in 26 shoulders of patients with rheumatoid arthritis who had severe pain and loss of function. All the shoulders were Larsen's radiographic Grade 4 or 5. After 2 (1-5) years, all the shoulders were painless and had satisfactory function. Partial radiolucent zones exceeding 1 mm were seen in three shoulders.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Isoquinoline is a possible anti-psoriatic agent in coal tar.

Isoquinoline has been identified as a component of coal tar which causes interfollicular regions of parakeratotic stratum corneum in mouse tail epidermis to become orthokeratotic, with concomitant production of a granular layer. In this respect it behaves similarly to coal tar itself, and isoquinoline may contribute to the anti-psoriatic activity of coal tar.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

The diffusion of nandrolone through hydrated human cadaver skin.

Effective diffusion constants have been determined for the permeation of nandrolone through whole and stripped human abdominal cadaver skin in vitro. From the values obtained, the diffusion constant for nandrolone in the stratum corneum has been inferred. The experimental approach used yields reproducible results for skin samples taken from a single individual. There is also a surprising degree of uniformity in the values obtained for skin from different individuals.

Cadaver↗