Oral manifestations of radiation therapy in infancy.
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Abnormalities, Radiation-Induced↗
Biomedical subjects
I Katoh
Publications and source records attributed to I Katoh.
Bovine leukemia virus matrix-associated protein MA(p15): further processing and formation of a specific complex with the dimer of the 5'-terminal genomic RNA fragment.
The retrovirus precursor protein has an arrangement of several characteristic domains with which it achieves selective and efficient packaging of the genome RNA during particle assembly. In this study, we analyzed the composition of the bovine leukemia virus (BLV) gag proteins and examined their RNA-binding properties in gel mobility shift assays, using various genomic RNA probes synthesized in vitro. Results obtained in amino acid sequence and composition analyses indicate that the matrix-associated protein MA(p15) is further processed by the BLV protease (PR) to generate MA(p10), a short peptide of seven amino acid residues, and p4. The gag precursor is now mapped as NH2-MA(p10)-p4-CA(p24)-NC(p12)-COOH. MA(p15) formed a specific complex with the dimer RNA of the U5-5' gag region presumed to contain the BLV packaging signal but not with other RNAs. The NH2-terminal cleavage product, MA(p10), bound all RNA fragments tested, while the COOH-terminal peptides with a sequence common to mammalian type C retroviruses had little affinity for RNA. The nucleocapsid protein NC(p12) bound to RNAs nonspecifically and randomly in the presence or absence of zinc ions. These results suggest a possible interaction of the NH2 terminus of the gag precursor with the 5' terminus of the genomic RNA in an early phase of particle assembly, when the conserved structure between the MA and CA domains might be involved.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
Two cases of neoplastic angioendotheliomatosis presenting with myelopathy.
We describe two patients with autopsy-proven neoplastic angioendotheliomatosis (NAE) presenting only as a transverse myelopathy for 10 to 12 months, followed by disseminated intracranial manifestations. Postmortem examination disclosed a vasculocentric distribution of neoplastic cells in various organs that stained positively with B-lymphocyte-specific monoclonal antibody. These cases were unusual because they manifested as an isolated myelopathy for many months.
Brain↗
A rare case of infective aneurysm involving all three sinuses of Valsalva complicated by left single coronary artery.
Infective aneurysm showing dilatation of all three coronary sinuses of Valsalva due to infective endocarditis is extremely rare. We present the first report of such a case complicated by left single coronary artery. The patient was a 55-year-old man with a past history of untreated diabetes mellitus, cerebral infarction, aortic regurgitation and high-grade fever. He was admitted with a complaint of easy fatigability. In a treadmill exercise test, asymptomatic ischemic depression of the ST segment was observed. Two-dimensional echocardiography revealed marked dilatation of all three sinuses of Valsalva, and a mural thrombus within the dilated right sinus of Valsalva. On magnetic resonance imaging, an abnormal signal in the markedly dilated right sinus of Valsalva was revealed. Coronary arteriography showed left single coronary artery (L1 type by Sharbaugh's classification). The histopathological features of the affected aorta were thought to represent the healing stage of infective endocarditis. With regard to the myocardial ischemia in this patient, it was thought to have arisen mainly through aortic regurgitation and coronary atherosclerosis due to single coronary artery, and partly influenced by untreated diabetes mellitus.
Aneurysm, Infected↗
[The evaluation of the modified Blalock-Taussig shunt with a prosthesis of microknitted Dacron for tetralogy of Fallot in early infancy].
We evaluated the surgical results of the modified Blalock-Taussig shunt (MBTS), performed with a prosthesis of microknitted Dacron, for the ductus-dependent tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) in early infancy. Nine MBTSs for eight patients, 4 with and 4 without pulmonary atresia, were performed, and one patient died. The mean age was 30 +/- 27 days, and the mean weight was 3460 +/- 770 g at the initial MBTS. In the initial two cases, the patients experienced convulsions due to severe hypoxia on account of the troubles of the preoperative administration of Prostaglandin E1 (PGE1). Thereafter, in order to prevent brain damage, we performed the MBTS following short-term administration of PGE1 (2-13 days). Consequently, we did not experience brain damage in later cases. Half of the patients with the MBTS with a 5 mm diameter prosthesis experienced postoperative congestive heart failure due to excessive pulmonary flow, and one of them died. The patients with the MBTS with a 4 mm diameter prosthesis had good postoperative courses. The suitable shunt flow in these patients was estimated to be 70-90 ml/kg/min. The MBTS with a 4 mm prosthesis obtained the lower level of this suitable shunt flow, but that a 5 mm prosthesis induced excessive shunt flow. Observing the patients' weight gain and the progress of polycythemia until two years of age, there were no differences between the MBTS with a 4 mm prosthesis and that with a 5 mm prosthesis. From these results, we recommend a 4 mm microknitted Dacron prosthesis for the MBTS of the TOF in early infancy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Alprostadil↗
Two cases of adult T-cell leukemia associated with acute pancreatitis due to hypercalcemia.
We report two cases of adult T-cell leukemia associated with acute pancreatitis and hypercalcemia. After sudden onset of epigastralgia, acute pancreatitis and hypercalcemia were found in both patients. There were no diseases that could explain the acute pancreatitis except for hypercalcemia probably due to adult T-cell leukemia. Thus we considered that hypercalcemia due to adult T-cell leukemia had led to acute pancreatitis. This is the first report of such a complication in adult T-cell leukemia.
Adult↗
[First-stage palliation of hypoplastic left heart syndrome--experience in three cases].
We administered palliative procedures for hypoplastic left heart syndrome in three cases. One case underwent Van Prragh's procedure and two cases were subjected to Jonas's modification of Norwood's procedure. One of the latter cases with AS and MS survived. The pulmonary blood flow of the survivor was secured through a hole of 3 mm in diameter made between the posterior wall of the newly constructed pulmonary-aortic common tract and the heterogeneous pericardial patch used to close the distal end of the transected main pulmonary artery. The pulmonary blood flow had been maintained adequately for 15 months after the operation but the flow was decreased thereafter. Consequently, a modified Blalock-Taussig shunt was added at the age of 21 months. The patient is now waiting for Fontan procedure in the near future. We used a heterogeneous pericardium to supplement an anastomosis connecting ascending aorta, aortic arch, and proximal descending aorta with transected proximal main pulmonary artery. This procedure also served to supplement the defect of the distal end of the transected main pulmonary artery. The sufficient removal of coarctation of aorta is very important. No aneurysmal change of this pericardium has been recognized. However there still remains a slight stenosis at the proximal anastomosis between the pulmonary artery and the newly constructed common tract. To avoid this stenosis, we recommend an anastomosis of the transected proximal main pulmonary artery to the ascending aorta and then to the proximal end of the heterogeneous pericardial tract.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Anastomosis, Surgical↗
[Reconstructive surgery for supravalvular aortic stenosis after arterial switch operation for simple transposition in the early neonate].
Recently, many papers have reported the development of severe pulmonary stenosis after an arterial switch operation (ASO) for the transposition of the great arteries (TGA) with intact ventricular septum (IVS) in the early neonate. However, supravalvular aortic stenosis after the same procedure is very uncommon. We experienced supravalvular aortic stenosis which developed gradually after successfully performing the Lecompte maneuver for TGA with IVS in a 6-day-old baby. We underwent Doty's extended aortoplasty in his 11th-month. We approached the aorta through the transection of the pulmonary trunk which was located just before the aorta. At the stenotic parts of the aorta, a discrete projection of cicatricial tissue was observed mainly at the posterior wall. The projection of the cicatricial tissue seemed to be induced as a consequence of the contraction of the aortic wall where a continuous suture was tied too tightly with non-absorbable suture materials. To prevent this complication after the Lecompte maneuver for TGA with IVS in the neonate, it is important to take care not to tie the suture too tightly and to use absorbable suture materials for construction of the aorta. There are the recommendations which we observed would prevent the post-operative complication of supravalvular aortic stenosis. As a final note, in repairing the supravalvular aortic stenosis, an approach through the transection of the pulmonary trunk was very useful.
Aortic Stenosis, Subvalvular↗
Bovine leukemia virus trans-activator p38tax activates heterologous promoters with a common sequence known as a cAMP-responsive element or the binding site of a cellular transcription factor ATF.
The genome of bovine leukemia virus (BLV) encodes a transcriptional trans-activator p38tax (also referred to as pXBL-I) which amplifies the virus gene expression driven by its long terminal repeat (LTR). It was proposed that activation of cellular gene expression by p38tax might be involved in the mechanism of B-cell transformation caused in vivo by BLV infection. Here, we report that the U3 region of BLV LTR contains multiple regulatory elements responsive to p38tax. A core element composing the p38tax-inducible U3 structure is suggested to be a heptanucleotide motif of 5'TGACGTCA3', the consensus sequence proposed for a cAMP-responsive element (CRE) and for the binding sites of a cellular transcription factor (ATF). Adenovirus-5 E3 and E4, c-fos and somatostatin regulatory regions containing CRE/ATF-element exhibited responsiveness to p38tax in a chloramphenicol acetyltransferase transient expression assay. These suggest that in BLV-infected cells, cellular gene expression might be induced abnormally by the virus trans-activator through ATF or ATF-like factors.
Activating Transcription Factors↗
Retrovirus protease characterized as a dimeric aspartic proteinase.
Retroviruses and retroviruslike elements have a protease for specific cleavage of their polyprotein precursors. On the basis of amino acid sequences conserved among species and the sensitivity to protease inhibitors, it was proposed that the retrovirus protease could be classified as an aspartic proteinase. Since the virus protease molecule is comparable to a single domain of aspartic proteinases having two symmetrical domains, we hypothesized and examined the dimer formation of the protease. The results of biochemical molecular mass determination and cross-linking experiments demonstrated that the virus protease molecules self-assemble into dimers. An inhibitory effect of fragmented protease molecules suggests the possibility that the intermolecular association is required for their activity. Other experiments of chemical inactivation suggest a close resemblance of the catalytic features of retrovirus and aspartic proteinases. Characterizations of these bovine and avian virus proteases would provide basic knowledge for the design of retrovirus protease-specific inhibitors, which is one of the possible strategies against human immunodeficiency virus infection.
Aspartic Acid Endopeptidases↗
Effectiveness of chemoembolization therapy for metastatic right atrial tumor thrombus associated with hepatocellular carcinoma.
A rare case of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) was complicated by metastatic right atrial tumor thrombus (RATT), which diminished in size on echocardiograms and showed necrotic change on computed tomography (CT) scans after chemoembolization therapy.
Adult↗
[Genes participating in the maturation of AIDS viruses; retrovirus protease].
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Animals↗
[Report of a case of lung cancer with metastasis to the myocardium which showed electrocardiographic findings similar to acute myocardial infarction and intramyocardial mass on echocardiography].
A 61-year-old man was admitted to our hospital with complaints of cough and left back and chest pain. He had suffered from left tuberculous pleurisy at the age of 20 years. Chest X-ray film and CT revealed atelectasis of the left lung, a left hilar mass and an irregular left atrial wall. Depressed P-Ta segment in the inferior limb and anterior chest leads and an abnormal P wave were found on ECG. Transbronchial lung biopsy showed squamous cell carcinoma. After radiation therapy, the patient complained of chest oppression. ECG revealed a normalized P-Ta segment deviation, markedly elevated ST segment in the inferior limb and lateral chest leads and a depressed ST segment in the anterior chest leads. These findings persisted until his death. An obscure appearance of the pericardium and an echogenic intramyocardial mass in the posteroinferior and lateral wall were evident by echocardiography. The patient died due to heart failure. Postmortem needle biopsy showed scattered intramyocardial tumor cell nests with keratinization. CPK, GOT and LDH were within normal limits throughout the course, but CPK-MB was slightly increased. Cardiac metastasis with an ECG appearance similar to that of acute myocardial infarction has been rarely reported. Our present case showed peculiar feature including 1) ECG findings similar to atrial and ventricular myocardial infarction, and 2) an echogenic intramyocardial mass and an ill-defined pericardium on echocardiography. These findings suggested direct invasion of squamous cell carcinoma of the lung to the ventricular myocardium.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗
[Retroviral protease].
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Amino Acid Sequence↗
[A case of meningoencephalitis caused by group F Streptococcus anginosus].
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Adolescent↗
The bovine leukemia virus X region encodes a trans-activator of its long terminal repeat.
We constructed a fusion plasmid, pMX-I, by which the major open reading frame, X-I, of the bovine leukemia virus (BLV) X gene was expressed under control of the mouse metallothionein promoter. pMX-I was cotransfected into CV1 monkey kidney cells together with another construct containing the BLV long terminal repeat (LTR) linked to the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) structural gene. The result of assay of CAT synthesis suggests that the X-I product functions as a trans-acting activation factor of the BLV LTR.
Acetyltransferases↗
The effect of cerulenin on Moloney murine leukemia virus morphogenesis.
Cerulenin is an antibiotic that interferes with fatty acid synthesis in eukaryotic cells. It had been shown by Schultz and Oroszlan (1983), that murine leukemia virus (MuLV) Pr65gag, the polyprotein precursor to the virion core proteins contains the fatty acid myristate at its NH2 terminus. We showed that when 20 micrograms/ml of cerulenin is added for 3 h to mouse fibroblasts chronically infected with Moloney (M)-MuLV it causes a greater than 4-fold decrease in virus production. This is accompanied by an accumulation of uncleaved Pr65gag in the infected cells. Further, thin-section electron micrographs of cerulenin-treated cells show a 2-fold increase in the number of nascent-budding forms, as well as the appearance of aberrant viral forms at the cell membrane. This suggests that the failure to add myristic acid to Pr65gag prevents their proper assembly into viral particles.
Animals↗
Bovine leukemia virus protease: purification, chemical analysis, and in vitro processing of gag precursor polyproteins.
Bovine leukemia virus protease was purified to homogeneity and assayed by using murine leukemia virus Pr65gag, a polyprotein precursor of the viral core structural proteins, as the substrate. A chemical analysis of the protease, including an amino acid composition and NH2- and COOH-terminal amino acid sequence analysis, revealed that it has an Mr of 14,000 and is encoded by a segment of the viral RNA located between the gag gene and the putative reverse transcriptase gene. As expected from the nucleotide sequence data (Rice et al., Virology 142:357-377, 1985), the reading frame for the protease is different from both the gag and reverse transcriptase reading frames. The 5' end of the protease open reading frame extends 38 codons upstream from the codon for the NH2-terminal residue of the mature viral protease and overlaps the gag open reading frame by 7 codons. The 3' end of the protease open reading frame extends 26 codons beyond the codon for the COOH-terminal residue of the mature protease and overlaps 8 codons of the reverse transcriptase open reading frame. Several lines of evidence, such as protein mapping of the gag polyprotein precursor, the characteristic structure of the mRNA, and promotion of the synthesis of a gag polyprotein precursor by lysine tRNA in vitro, suggest that the protease could be translated by frameshift suppression of the gag termination codon. In vitro synthesized bovine leukemia virus gag-related polyproteins were cleaved by the protease into fragments which were the same size as the known components of bovine leukemia virus, suggesting that the specificity of cleavage catalyzed in vitro by the purified protease is the same as the specificity of cleavage found in the virus.
Amino Acid Sequence↗