Functional anatomy of the lateral pterygoid muscle in the cat.
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Animals↗
Biomedical subjects
I Kato
Publications and source records attributed to I Kato.
A case of isolated thyrotropin deficiency with Cushing's syndrome.
The first case of isolated thyrotropin (TSH) deficiency with Cushing's syndrome was reported. A 46-year-old female was admitted to our hospital because of fatigability, puffy eye-lids, leg edema and petechia. She was treated with thyroid hormone. A low free triiodothyronine continued. Serum TSH was undetectable and serum thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) was elevated. No response of serum TSH and normal response of serum prolactin after administration of exogenous TRH suggested the abnormalities of anterior pituitary gland. The secretion of growth hormone and gonadotropin were intact, but the secretion of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) was impaired. A high level of serum cortisol, no response of serum ACTH by metyrapone test and a tumor mass of abdomen detected by computed tomography led to the diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome. Histological examination of the tumor revealed adrenal adenoma. Twenty two months after the surgery, serum ACTH level was normalized, but the secretion of serum TSH to exogenous TRH was still absent. The results indicated that hypothyroidism in our patient was due to isolated TSH deficiency.
Adenoma↗
Visual suppression of caloric nystagmus in normal individuals.
The effects of opening of the eyes and of ocular fixation upon caloric nystagmus were investigated during the period of maximum intensity of caloric nystagmus in a series of 32 normal individuals. The percentage reduction in slow-phase velocity induced depended upon the test conditions, but, on the other hand, did not depend upon the temperature of the water applied as caloric stimulus. This latter fact favors the theory of visual suppression of the caloric test. Another striking finding was that a clear correlation definitely existed between the percentage reduction of suppression in slow-phase velocity and that in the multiplication product of amplitude by nystagmus frequency (P.A.F.) during the period of eye opening and ocular fixation. The percentage of suppression in slow-phase velocity is interchangeable with that in P.A.F., which broadens the practical scope of the routine test.
Adolescent↗
Sudden deafness in relapsing polychondritis. A scanning electron microscopy study.
The left ear of a 57-year-old female who suffered sudden deafness during the course of relapsing polychondritis was examined under a scanning electron microscope. Marked degeneration of the organ of Corti in all turns and dislocated and encapsulated tectorial membrane were found in the cochlea. Marked decrease in number of the sensory cells in the utricular and saccular maculae and total loss of sensory hair bundles in the ampullary cristae of the semicircular canals were seen in the vestibule. These findings strongly suggest that the cause of sudden deafness in this case might be viral. The usefulness of scanning electron microscopy in human temporal bone pathology is stressed.
Acoustic Maculae↗
Visual suppression of caloric nystagmus in cats.
A newly devised animal box with which caloric tests can be easily performed in the awake cat is presented. This device is also useful for position and optokinetic tests. Visual suppression of caloric nystagmus was investigated in such vertebrates as monkeys, cats and rabbits. There was a definite species difference in the rate of visual suppression of caloric nystagmus. It may be that the difference among species is due to a difference in fixation function among animal species.
Animals↗
Loss of visual suppression of caloric nystagmus in cats.
Loss of visual suppression (VS) of caloric nystagmus was produced after creating flocculus lesions. The flocculus receives visual signals through a climbing fiber pathway via the inferior olive (IO) and through a mossy fiber pathway (MF) presumably via the superior colliculus (SC). In order to elucidate the prefloccular nuclei responsible for VS of caloric nystagmus, VS of caloric nystagmus was investigated after making lesions in such nuclei as the SC and the IO in 42 cats. After the IO lesion, VS of caloric nystagmus was revealed in all IO-lesioned cats throughout the whole experimental course. After the SC lesion, loss of VS was constantly observed and persisted in 7 out of 9 cats. Hence, the MF pathway via the SC is believed to be the most likely candidate for the immediate modification of the vestibuloocular reflex by visual stimuli.
Animals↗
Visual suppression of caloric nystagmus and optokinetic responses in cats.
Previously it was reported that loss of visual suppression (VS) was accompanied by disturbance of optokinetic nystagmus (OKN) in monkeys with lesions at the flocculus. In the present experiment with cats, OKN was investigated after inflicting lesions on either superior colliculus (SC) or inferior olive (IO), both of which are considered to be the main prefloccular relay nuclei to mediate visual signals to the flocculus. VS of caloric nystagmus was recognized in all the IO-lesioned cats and OKN remained normal except in one cat. After the left SC lesions, loss of VS was evidently revealed and optokinetic stimuli produced directional preponderance to the left with diminished responses to the right in 7 of 9 cats. The present findings suggest that the SC may be an important relay nucleus to the flocculus in conveying visual signals responsible for VOR gain.
Animals↗
Temporal bone findings in a case of sudden deafness and relapsing polychondritis.
Light microscopic examination was made of the right temporal bone from a 57-year-old female who developed sudden total hearing loss in both ears 1 year before death. The patient had suffered from relapsing polychondritis for 1 1/2 years prior to death. Pathological changes were compatible with known viral endolymphatic labyrinthritis. Slight ossification and fibrous tissue proliferation in the perilymphatic space seem to have been caused by a spread of infection from the middle ear. Susceptibility to viral infection in the labyrinth in patients with a long-devastating illness is discussed.
Acoustic Maculae↗
The fast-phase velocity of optokinetic nystagmus in central nervous system disorders.
The fast phase of optokinetic nystagmus (OKN) in patients with central nervous system (CNS) disorders was quantitatively evaluated using a micro-computer. The relationship between peak velocity of the fast phases of OKN (velocity(p] versus amplitude was recognized to be best fitted to an exponential equation, i.e., velocity(p) = K(1-exp[-amplitude/L]). In patients with lesions in thalamus, midbrain, or pons, the velocity(p) was significantly reduced, whereas in patients with lesions in the medulla or the cerebellum, it was normal. The directional asymmetry of velocity(p) toward the lesion side indicated that the velocity(p) toward the intact side was significantly reduced as compared with that toward the lesion side in patients with lesions in the thalamus or midbrain, whereas in patients with lesions in the pons, the velocity(p) toward the lesion side had decreased significantly as compared with that toward the intact side. Thus the quantitative evaluation of velocity(p) may provide some important information on the mapping of lesions in patients with CNS disorders.
Adult↗
Proceedings: Studies on the hemolytic action of staphylococcal alpha toxin.
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Animals↗
Vitamin supplement use and its correlates among elderly Japanese men residing on Oahu, HI.
Use of vitamin supplements and the association with personal characteristics were investigated among 4,654 American men of Japanese ancestry in Hawaii. A total of 58 percent of the subjects who were ages 68 to 90 took vitamin supplements. Among supplement users, multivitamins were most commonly used (77 percent), followed by vitamin C (53 percent), E (43 percent), and A (10 percent). Ninety-two percent of users took at least seven pills per week when all types of pills were combined. Vitamin supplement users were more educated, more physically active, more likely to be married, and less obese than nonusers. They also slept less, smoked less, and drank less alcohol and caffeine. They took more analgesics and stomach medication and had fewer days of hospitalization in the previous 10 years compared with nonusers. Except for physical activity, use of stomach medicines, and hospitalization, the other characteristics were also positively correlated with the amount of vitamin pill intake. These findings indicate that vitamin supplement users have different health patterns compared with nonusers.
Aged↗
Prediagnostic hematocrit values and subsequent cancer risk.
In this prospective study, the association between hematocrit values measured in 1965-68 and subsequent cancer incidence was studied among 7737 Japanese-American men in Hawaii. With an increase in hematocrit levels, there was an increasing risk for lung cancer, especially squamous or small cell type, and for kidney cancer. However, a statistically significant trend remained only for kidney cancer after adjusting for smoking history. The relative risk for kidney cancer was 4.94 (95% confidence interval, 1.03-23.63) for subjects with hematocrit values of 47 or higher compared with those with hematocrit values of 43 or lower. In contrast, the risk of oral-pharyngeal cancer decreased with increasing hematocrit levels. With adjustment for cigarette smoking and alcohol intake, the relative risk for oral-pharyngeal cancer was 0.20 (95% confidence interval, 0.04-0.88) for subjects with hematocrit values of 47 or higher compared with those with hematocrit values of 43 or lower. The association with kidney or oral-pharyngeal cancer was not affected by the time interval between examination and diagnosis of these cancers (< or = 10 and > 10 years). Erythropoietin production by kidney tumors and micronutrient deficiencies in oral-pharyngeal cancer cases may partially account for these results.
Adult↗
[Functional anatomy of the lateral pterygoid muscle in the cat].
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Animals↗
The intramucosal cysts of the stomach. IV. In Japanese subjects with early gastric cancer (microinvasive carcinoma).
Gastrectomy specimens from 50 patients who underwent surgery due to early gastric cancer were histologically examined for the presence of intramucosal cysts in the non-tumoral gastric mucosa. The number of cysts for each cm of mucosa analysed (cystic index) was calculated. The specimens from all 50 patients demonstrated the presence of intramucosal cysts. The mean cystic index was 9.3 (range 0.3-39). The presence of intramucosal cysts in patients concurrently having early gastric cancer did not appear to be influenced by sex or age of the patient. Earlier studies have demonstrated significantly lower cystic index in Japanese and Swedish patients with concurrent peptic ulcer disease. The possibility that some intramucosal cysts of the stomach may be related to lesions antedating malignant transformation in that organ is discussed herein.
Adult↗