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Biomedical subjects

I Kato

Publications and source records attributed to I Kato.

At least 559 records · Page 31Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Computer analysis of optokinetic nystagmus for clinical usefulness.

A computer program was developed for on-line analysis of nystagmus parameters using a microcomputer (SORD M243EX). In this paper, the clinical utilities of microcomputer analysis of optokinetic nystagmus (OKN) were described, and quantitative analysis of each parameter of OKN was performed in 20 normal subjects and 49 patients with central nervous system (CNS) disorders. The average gain was accurately measured and the maximal stimulus velocity during which time the gain was more than 0.8, was termed as the "optokinetic adaptation limit (OAL)," and used as a clinical index for evaluation of OKN abnormalities. All patients in the present study showed a remarkable decrease in OAL. The differences in OAL among these patients at each level of lesion site, however, proved to be statistically insignificant. The relationship between the direction of OKN limitation and the lesion side was investigated. In all patients who had lesions on the thalamus, midbrain, and cerebellum, OKN limitation was observed toward the lesion side. The OKN limitation, however, was seen toward the intact side in 7 of 11 patients with medullary lesions and in 2 of 11 patients with cerebellopontine angle (CPA) tumors. hence, OKN in a useful diagnostic tool for the assessment of infratentorial lesions and computer analysis of OKN may be clinically useful.

Brain Diseases↗
PubMed1986

Electronystagmographic assessment of cerebellar lesions.

Remarkable progress has been achieved in the neurophysiological study of the cerebellum. Based on these neurophysiological data, electronystagmographic (ENG) assessment of cerebellar lesions was made to ascertain to what extent cerebellar lesions could be diagnosed. In 13 patients out of 17 whose lesions were mainly localized on one side through CT, cerebellar lesions could be diagnosed by electronystagmographic findings. In the 1 patient with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis of the remaining 4, asymptomatic cerebellar infarction was detected unexpectedly through CT. In the remaining 3 patients, differential diagnosis from brainstem lesions was difficult to evaluate on the basis of ENG findings. In 13 patients showing cerebellar signs and symptoms, pursuit eye movements, optokinetic nystagmus (OKN), and fixation-suppression of caloric nystagmus were impaired on both sides, suggesting large mass effects upon the bilateral brainstem. However, either rebound nystagmus or opposing positioning nystagmus characteristic of cerebellar lesions was detected in 13 patients (81%). The same was true in patients with bilateral cerebellar lesions. ENG test, however, could not detect any patients who showed neither cerebellar signs nor symptoms. Further investigations are needed to supplement the gap between basic and clinical research.

Cerebellar Diseases↗
PubMed1986

Expression of the protein encoded by the 3' open reading frame of human T-cell lymphotropic virus type III in bacteria: demonstration of its immunoreactivity with human sera.

The genome of human T-cell lymphotropic virus type III/lymphadenopathy-associated virus (HTLV-III/LAV), the infectious agent etiologically associated with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, contains, in addition to the genes for the polymerase, core, and envelope proteins, several open reading frames. To investigate whether the 3' open reading frame (3' orf) located between the envelope gene and the 3' long terminal repeat is a gene expressed in vivo in infected individuals, we inserted a fragment of 3' orf in a prokaryotic expression vector. The protein product synthesized in bacteria was purified and allowed to react with sera from individuals infected with human T-cell lymphotropic virus type III as indicated by seropositivity for other viral proteins. Two-thirds of the sera, regardless of the clinical status of the individuals, reacted with the purified protein indicating that 3' orf is a viral gene the product of which is immunogenic in vivo. A polyclonal rabbit antiserum reacting against the 3' orf gene product was obtained by serial injection of rabbits with the purified bacterial protein. The antiserum recognized a 27-kDa protein in the human T-cell lymphotropic virus type III-infected lymphocytes.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1986

Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type III (HTLV-III) core antigens: synthesis in Escherichia coli and immunoreactivity with human sera.

Fragments of human T-cell lymphotropic virus type III (HTLV-III) proviral DNA carrying the gene for the core antigen (gag) was cloned in the plasmid REV. Several of the recombinants direct high levels of synthesis of the antigens. One clone, pG1, produced a hybrid protein containing 13 amino acid residues of the carboxyl terminus of the 17 kD virion protein, the entire p24, the major core protein of HTLV-III, and 74 amino acid residues of the amino terminal of the 15 kD core ribonucleoprotein. A second clone, pG2, was similar to pG1 except that it contained no p17 sequences and was missing the amino-terminal 77 amino acid residues of the p24. A third clone, pG3, was similar to pG2, except that all but 56 amino acids of the carboxyl terminus of p24 were removed. All three proteins were found to be strongly immunoreactive with anti-HTLV-III antibodies present in sera from patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) or AIDS-related complex (ARC). In addition, pG1 and pG2, but not pG3, reacted with a monoclonal antibody (M26) specific for the p24 virion core protein. Whereas all three reacted with an anti-p15 monoclonal antibody, none of the clones reacted with an anti-p17 monoclonal antibody. These results provide direct evidence to support the predicted assignment of the coding region of the gag gene of HTLV-III. The product from pG2 was purified and was found to be potentially useful for the detection of anti-p24 antibodies in sera from patients with AIDS or ARC and from individuals at risk from AIDS.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1986

Risk factors of multiple primary cancers in breast cancer patients.

To clarify risk factors of multiple primary cancers in breast cancer patients, a case-control analysis based on data from medical records was conducted at the Aichi Cancer Center Hospital. For each of a total of 115 multiple primary cancer patients affected by one or two other primary cancers after or concurrently with breast cancer, two patients with unilateral breast cancer were selected as controls by matching age, time of the operation for breast cancer, and survival period. Multiple primary cancer patients were then divided into two groups, 61 cases of bilateral breast cancer and 56 cases of other multiple primary cancers. Conditional multiple logistic regression analysis indicated that relatively heavy smoking (more than 10 cigarettes per day) decreased the risk of multiple primary cancers taken overall (relative risk (RR) = 0.23); overweight status elevated the risk of bilateral breast cancer (RR = 3.01); and greater than average height (RR = 2.20), history of gallstone or cholecystitis (RR = 6.29), and late first birth or nulliparous status (RR = 6.85) elevated the risk of other multiple primary cancers. The effects of weight and height were predominant in the postmenopausal women. As to family history, we could not obtain clear results, though history of cancer among siblings tended to increase the risk of multiple primary cancers (P less than 0.10) and family history of breast cancer was more frequent in patients with bilateral breast cancer (not significant).

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMed1986

[Treatment of oral carcinoma in elderly patients--case reports and associated problems].

Three very elderly patients (more than 90 years old) suffering from oral carcinoma are reported with a discussion concerning complications of treatment and safety of surgery. In all cases, pretreatment with chemotherapy and/or chemo- and radiotherapy could be uncomplicatedly followed by surgery to excise the primary lesion done neck dissection. In one case, however, surgery after potent therapy with PLM, 5-FU and irradiation for the recurrence at the primary site was complicated by any severe consequences. Based on the clinical course of the patients, surgical treatment seems to be rather beneficial in very elderly cancer victims with the aim of avoiding complications caused by the usual conservative therapies.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

[Changes in food/nutrient intake and cancer mortality in Japan].

In Japan, the age-adjusted mortality rate (AAMR) for stomach cancer has been decreasing since around 1960 in both sexes. Conversely, the AAMRs for the cancers of the colon, pancreas, gallbladder and bile duct, lung, ovary and prostate have been increasing in the last 30 years. In this period, the amounts of intake of carbohydrate, rice and salted foods have decreased and those of fat, animal protein, meats, eggs, daily products, oils and fruits have markedly increased. Changes of the intake of those nutrients and foods may have contributed to the changes of the AAMR for some sites of cancer.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1986

Second malignancy in stomach cancer patients and its possible risk factors.

To identify possible risk factors of multiple primary cancers in stomach cancer patients, a case-control analysis based on data from medical records was conducted on 73 patients (54 males and 19 females) with stomach cancer who were affected by one or more other primary cancers subsequently or concurrently (cases) and 146 patients with stomach cancer alone (controls), by matching sex, age, time of the operation for stomach cancer and survival period. The relative risks (RR) for cancer history in the father (RR = 3.21), for family history of stomach cancer (RR = 2.52) and for history of hemorrhoids (RR = 3.15) were significantly increased in both sexes. The proportion of professionals in males was significantly higher in cases than in controls. In a conditional multiple logistic regression analysis for males, the adjusted relative risk (aRR) for family history of cancer in two or more members (aRR = 3.54) was statistically significant. Smoking tended to increase the risk of multiple primary cancers in males, especially in the cases with smoking-related second malignancy (RR = 4.83). These data suggest the possibility that both genetic and environmental factors are involved in the multiplicity of cancer in stomach cancer patients.

Environment↗
PubMed1985

Induction of tumoricidal peritoneal exudate cells by administration of Lactobacillus casei.

The lifespan of mice into which Meth A fibrosarcoma was transplanted intraperitoneally (i.p.) was prolonged by i.p. treatment with Lactobacillus casei YIT 9018 (LC 9018). Treatment with LC9018 before the tumor inoculation (pre-treatment), was more effective than after the tumor inoculation (post-treatment). When tumor cells were inoculated subcutaneously along with peritoneal exudate cells (PEC) harvested from LC 9018-treated mice in the Winn type test, the tumor growth was significantly inhibited, but it was not inhibited by spleen cells. Adherent and nonadherent cells of LC 9018-induced PEC suppressed tumor growth in the Winn type test. PEC induced with LC 9018 showed significant cytolytic activity for 51Cr-labeled Meth A from 3 days to at least 2 weeks after a single injection of LC 9018. The adherent cells lysed tumor cells in the cytolytic test, though nonadherent cells did not show cytolytic activity. These results show that LC 9018 can induce two cell populations possessing the ability to kill tumor cells in vivo. One may be activated macrophages which directly kill tumor cells and the other may be T-lymphocytes which can induce cytotoxic cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

An early effect of the S component of staphylococcal leukocidin on methylation of phospholipid in various leukocytes.

On incubation of rabbit polymorphonuclear leukocytes with the S component of staphylococcal leukocidin at 37 degrees C, the 3H-labeled methyl group of S-adenosyl[methyl-3H]methionine was rapidly incorporated into phospholipid. Subsequently, the methylated phosphatidylcholine was degraded by activated phospholipase A2. Complete blockage of the methylation of phospholipid by a mixture of erythro-9-[2-hydroxy-3-nonyl]adenine, adenosine, and L-homocysteine thiolactone markedly inhibited the activation of phospholipase A2 by the S component. It also inhibited the binding of 125I-labeled F component to the cells, but not that of the labeled S component. These results suggest that methylation of phospholipid in the cell membranes by the S component results in activation of phospholipase A2, which induces the binding of the F component to the cells.

Adenine↗