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Biomedical subjects

I Kato

Publications and source records attributed to I Kato.

At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Serum rheumatoid factor induced by intraperitoneal administration of periodontopathic bacterial lipopolysaccharide in mice.

Serum rheumatoid factor (RF) level and peritoneal and splenic CD5+B (B-1) cells in mice were examined after intraperitoneal administration of purified lipopoly-saccharides (LPS) from oral periodontopathic bacteria; Porphyromonas gingivalis, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Fusobacterium nucleatum and Capnocytophaga ochracea. F. nucleatum and C. ochracea LPS induced higher levels of serum IgM- and IgG-RF, while P. gingivalis LPS showed the least induction. In addition, wet weights of spleen and serum IgM and IgG concentration were markedly increased in F. nucleatum LPS injected group. On the other hand, the proportion of CD5+ B cells to lymphocytes in the peritoneal cavity and spleen did not increase. The reason for this was not clear but conventional B cells (CD5- B cells) might increase more rapidly with splenic enlargement than CD5+ B cells. These results suggested that RF induced by bacterial LPS may modulate immune responses against bacteria and plays an important role for defence and destruction of periodontal tissue.

Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans↗
PubMed1996

Diabetes and cardiovascular disease in a prospective population survey in Japan: The Hisayama Study.

To elucidate the effect of glucose intolerance on cardiovascular disease in the current Japanese population, we performed a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test in 2,427 Hisayama residents aged 40-79 years in 1988, who were free from a previous history of stroke or myocardial infarction, and followed them prospectively for 5 years. The prevalence of diabetes (NIDDM) among men was 13% and that of impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) was 20%; the corresponding values for women were 9 and 19%, respectively. The age- and sex-adjusted incidence of cerebral infarction (6.5 per 1,000 person-years, P < 0.01) and coronary heart disease (5.0 per 1,000 person-years, P < 0.05) was significantly higher in subjects with NIDDM than in those with normal glucose tolerance (1.9 and 1.6 per 1,000 person-years, respectively). In addition, subjects with IGT and NIDDM had a higher risk of cardiovascular disease including stroke and coronary heart disease than did those with normal glucose tolerance after adjustment for age and sex, namely the relative risk for IGT was 1.9 (95% CI 1.2-3.2), and the relative risk for NIDDM was 3.0 (95% CI 1.8-5.2). These associations remained significant even after controlling for six other risk factors including hypertension in multivariate analysis. Our data suggest that NIDDM is a significant risk factor for both cerebral infarction and coronary heart disease and also that IGT itself is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease in the general Japanese population today.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Cervical myelopathy in psoriatic spondylitis.

In psoriatic spondylitis, the complication of cervical cord compression with myelopathy is rare. We present a case of psoriatic spondylitis causing cervical myelopathy which required surgical intervention, and review the literature of reported neurological complications in psoriatic spondylitis.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Precursor directed biosynthesis of aureobasidins.

The antifungal antibiotic aureobasidin A (AbA) is a cyclic depsipeptide composed of eight amino acids and a hydroxy acid. New Ab analogs were produced by feeding various amino acids to Aureobasidium pullulans R 106 c-712 in a chemically-defined medium containing glucose and ammonium sulfate. The constituent amino acids of AbA at positions 3 (L-phenylalanine), 4 (N-methyl-L-phenylalanine), 5 (L-proline), 6 (L-allo-isoleucine) and 8 (L-leucine) were replaced by respective analogous amino acids such as o-fluoro-L-phenylalanine, 4-hydroxy-L-proline, L-norleucine and L-norvaline, resulting in the production of eight new Ab analogs. This is the first paper to describe amino acid replacements at positions 3, 5 and 8. L-[1-13C]-Valine exogenously added was incorporated into the three valine-related moieties of AbA at positions 2, 7 (both N-methyl-L-valine) and 9 (beta-hydroxy-N-methyl-L-valine), but these moieties were never replaced by exogenous amino acid analogs. The comparative antifungal activities of AbA and the eight new Ab analogs were determined.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1996

Acute sensorineural hearing loss caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae.

Four cases with acute sensorineural hearing loss on one side and one case with bilateral ear fullness associated with Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) were described. These cases were characterized by highly elevated MP complement fixation titer, and cold hemagglutinin titer. All patients experienced cochlear symptoms in an early stage following common cold. In all cases, clarythromycin (CAM) had been administered for 10 days, and adenosine triphosphate (ATP), vitamin B1, B12, and prednisolone were concurrently administered for 14 days. Two cases with acute hearing loss and one case with ear fullness returned to normal hearing after treatment. The other cases were remarkably improved in hearing level. MP is a common causative agent for protein respiratory disease. The true incidence of hearing loss in this disease may be higher than has been reported so far. Prompt diagnosis possibly facilitates the administration of specific treatment and leads to good prognosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Clinical significance of step stimulus-induced optokinetic nystagmus.

The optokinetic nystagmus (OKN) test has diagnostic values in that it can detect lesioned sites in patients with infratentorial lesions. The test has so far been performed by using angular acceleration to the final velocity over 100 degrees/s, which is time-consuming and inconvenient for patients. In the present study, we tried to modify and simplify the OKN test used previously to give step stimulus of constant stimulus and compared the results in 20 normal subjects. Slow-phase velocity versus stimulus velocity, and fast phase amplitude and peak velocity versus stimulus velocity of OKN were compared between step-stimulus OKN and linear-stimulus OKN. As a result, each parameter showed significantly higher values in step-stimulus OKN than in linear-stimulus OKN. Averaged slow-phase OKN velocity during the first 5 s is sufficient to calculate OKN velocity, and it requires only short time to perform.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Vertical optokinetic nystagmus in normal individuals.

In this study, 20 subjects (5 women and 15 men, 22-28 years old) were tested for vertical optokinetic nystagmus (OKN) to establish the asymmetry between up and down OKN responses in humans. The subjects were exposed to both upward and downward OKN stimulus at constant velocities of 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90 degrees/s in the upright position. Eye movements were recorded precisely using the magnetic search coil system in order to eliminate any methodological problem associated with the eye-lid artifact. Slow phase velocity during upward OKN stimulus was higher than that during downward OKN stimulus for each OKN velocity. It is likely that otolithic stimuli cause up and down asymmetry. Statistical significance in the gain between upward and downward OKN was noted for stimulus velocities of 30-60 degrees/s (p < 0.01), but not for higher velocities, because vertical OKN saturated around 40-50 degrees/s.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Primary position upbeat nystagmus with special reference to alteration to downbeat nystagmus.

A 24-year-old man was admitted to the University Hospital showing severe dehydration that might have been the result of medicine-induced gastritis. Wernicke's encephalopathy was suspected in this patient. On admission, primary position upbeat nystagmus (PPUN) was found. The patient showed tongue fasciculation and loss of gag reflex, which, however, soon returned to normal. Electronystagmographic (ENG) findings were suggestive of lesions in the brainstem. Based on neurological signs and symptoms, we concluded caudal brainstem lesions might be a possible site responsible for the upbeat nystagmus. This nystagmus, however, was later found to be reversed to downbeat nystagmus. This is considered to have been due to predominant differences in vertical velocity which are induced by gravity.

Brain Stem↗
PubMed1996

Alternations of eye movements induced by visual stimulation in a patient with acute cerebellar infarction.

We had the opportunity to investigate a patient with acute cerebellar infarction with edema that extended to the brainstem, using CT-scan and electrooculography (EOG). The purpose of this paper was to analyze the pursuit eye movements, saccades, optokinetic nystagmus (OKN) and fixation-suppression of the caloric test in an acute cerebellar infarction and on CT-scans to evaluate the connections between eye movements and lesions in the vestibulocerebellum. At the onset of infarction, data of the eye movements suggested that the lesioned area involved the bilateral dorsal pontine tegmentum and bilateral cerebellum, although the left side was predominantly impaired, as judged from the CT-scans. After more than 3 weeks from onset, deviation of the fourth ventricle and compression to the brainstem due to edema were not observed. Nevertheless, the parameters of conjugate eye movements that were analyzed had not recovered completely. This suggests that impairment of a neural integrator may still exist.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1996

Role of the neuronal activity of nucleus prepositus hypoglossi in optokinetic stimulation in the cat.

The role of the neuronal activity of nucleus prepositus hypoglossi (NPH) in optokinetic stimulation (OKS) and the changes of the activity between OKS and off-OKS (resting condition) were investigated in 5 adult cats. In order to make OKS velocity equal to retinal slip velocity, the cats' eyes were immobilized. The directions of the OKS were clockwise (CW) and counterclockwise (CCW), and 3 types of velocities, 2 degrees/s, 5 degrees/s and 10 degrees/s, were used. The numbers of spikes of 37 NPH neurons to OKS did not increase compared with those to off-OKS, also there were no significant differences between those to CW-OKS and CCW-OKS, and between those of the rostral and caudal parts of NPH. The NPH neurons did not react to the retinal slip, and we suppose the result is due to the immobilized eye condition.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Atypical osteomyelitis of the temporal bone.

Osteomyelitis of the temporal bone is a rare disease. The diagnosis and treatment of atypical osteomyelitis of the temporal bone in a 54-year-old woman was reported. The left temporal bone swelling grew slowly from age 9 with only slight deep-seated pain in the temporal area. This condition was assumed to be due to fibrous dysplasia or some benign tumor. It is supposed that exploratory and inadequate mastoidectomies performed on patients age 16 to 19 years might trigger temporal bone osteomyelitis. Extensive surgical debridement followed by antibiotic therapy for 4 weeks yielded good results, and now 2 years after treatment, no signs of recurrence have been observed. The utility of the gallium scan was confirmed for evaluation of disease activity.

Female↗
PubMed1996

Effects of administration of high dose hydrocortisone on Bell's palsy.

As an improved maintenance therapy for Bell's palsy, Stennert recently introduced large-dose steroid administration in the early stage of the disease with i.v. infusion of low-molecular dextran. The steroid administration aims at improving the microcirculation. This therapy achieved a 96% complete healing rate. However, because of side-effects such as hepatic and renal disorders or gastric ulcer, this therapy has not been widely used. In the present study, we investigated an improved treatment method based on Stennert's method. It has a much lower incidence of side effects, and can be used in routine clinical practice. The medicines employed in our therapy were hydrocortisone sodium succinate (Solu-cortef), hydroxymethylated starch (Hespander) and D-mannitol (Manitol). Subjects were 53 Bell's palsy patients for whom treatment could be started within 2 weeks from the onset of the disease. Curative rate in the patients who received large-dose administration of Solu-cortef was 96.2% in the 24th week, and the therapy was considered to be applicable in routine clinical practice for Bell's palsy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

A case report of acquired choanal atresia.

A case of acquired choanal atresia of unknown origin is reported. A 68-year-old woman had been complaining of nasal obstruction for 28 years. Bilaterally her nasal choanae were found to be completely closed at the depth of the orifice of the eustachian tube. Surgical intervention into the margin of the soft and hard palate removed the adhesive connective tissue from the choanae, which had involved no osseous component. Because part of the intranasal basal epithelium was missing due to surgery, buccal mucosa was removed and implanted to prevent proliferation of granulation. A silicone tube was placed in each choanae for a week postoperatively. An adequate nasal passage has been maintained for 10 months postoperatively, and the patient was followed up closely.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

Two cases of esophageal diverticula.

Two cases of pharyngoesophageal diverticula were reported with reference to previous studies. Definite diagnosis was established by esophagography. The surgical treatment is generally conducted in accordance with Goodman-Parnes' criteria for surgical indication. We also carried out surgery on the basis of this criteria. One-stage diverticulectomy was performed and favorable results with no postoperative complications were obtained.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

Two cases with glossopharyngeal neuralgia treated by nerve reaction: oropharyngeal approach.

Two patients with idiopathic glossopharyngeal neuralgia received glossopharyngeal nerve resection by the oropharyngeal method, and their symptoms were relieved. Both patients had suffered proxysms of severe pain in the unilateral glossopharyngeal innervation for many years, and pharmaceutical treatment had been made in vain and, although surgical intervention in one patient had resulted in temporary relief, it had not been possible to prevent recurrence. As the identification of trigger zones by the method of local nerve block caused us to think that surgical treatment would be more effective in both patients, the glossopharyngeal nerve was resected, using the oropharyngeal method, with a view to attaining permanent symptomatic relief. Consequently, satisfactory results were obtained.

Female↗
PubMed1996

Prevalence of precancerous lesions of the stomach in Venezuela.

Gastric biopsies from 1477 participants in a chemoprevention trial for precancerous lesions of the stomach in Venezuela were evaluated for the prevalence of precancerous lesions and Helicobacter pylori infection. These study subjects were selected from participants in an early detection program for gastric cancer using double-contrast X-ray. Overall, 94% had some type of chronic gastritis (CG) and were positive for H. pylori using Giemsa stain, 49% had atrophic gastritis, 34% had intestinal metaplasia (IM), and 6.5% had dysplasia. There were only three subjects (0.2%) with normal gastric mucosa, and 4% had only superficial gastritis. The prevalence of all of these precancerous lesions increased with age, but there was no clear difference by gender. The prevalence of the various lesions was higher in the antral mucosa than in the fundic mucosa. H. pylori infection was strikingly frequent in our study population, with prevalence rates ranging from 73% in subjects with superficial gastritis to 95% in those with atrophic gastritis and IM and 98% in those with CG. The prevalence of H. pylori was equally high in males and females, and it was significantly positively associated with the degree of infiltration of poly- and mononuclear cells and with that of active regeneration; it was inversely correlated with the degree of atrophy, IM, and dysplasia. Our findings support the precancerous nature of the various gastric lesions and the etiological role of H. pylori infection in CG.

Adult↗