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Biomedical subjects

I Joelsson

Publications and source records attributed to I Joelsson.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1988

Decrease in serum concentration of 5 alpha-pregnane-3,20-dione prior to spontaneous labor.

Serum 5 alpha-pregnane-3,20-dione (5 alpha DHP) and progesterone (P) concentrations before spontaneous labor were studied in 13 women whose pregnancy and delivery were uncomplicated. Blood samples were drawn twice weekly from the 36th week of gestation up to the onset of spontaneous labor. P and 5 alpha DHP values were analysed by applying RIA methods. Mean serum 5 alpha DHP concentrations declined significantly during the last week of pregnancy, from 135 +/- 12 nmol/l 5 days prior to spontaneous labor, to 111 +/- 10 nmol/l on the day spontaneous labor started (p less than 0.005). No significant changes in progesterone concentration occurred during the observation period. These results suggest a change in 5 alpha DHP production preceding the onset of spontaneous labor.

5-alpha-Dihydroprogesterone↗
PubMed1986

Reduced mortality in cancer patients after administration of alkoxyglycerols.

A regression of tumor growth is observed when alkoxyglycerols are administered prior to radiation treatment of patients suffering from cancer of the uterine cervix. This regression is remarkably higher for patients below the age of 60 years than for those over 60. The regression has been demonstrated by a change in the quotient between the incidence of early and advanced stages.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Amniotic fluid embolism in Sweden, 1951-1980.

Amniotic fluid embolism is one of the least frequent complications of parturition, but the most dangerous of all. 38 cases of fatal amniotic fluid embolism were diagnosed in Sweden during the years 1951-1980, i.e. 1 case for every 83,000 live births. The proportion of amniotic fluid embolism in maternal mortality as a whole increased from 1.2 to 16.5% during this period. Predisposing factors identified were gemini/polydyramnios, abruptio placentae, hypertonic labor, rupture of the birth canal, macrosomia, and obstetrical interventions such as administration of oxytocin and fundal pressure. The main symptoms were cardiovascular shock with right heart strain, and hemorrhage with pathologic proteolysis. Four cases of presumed amniotic fluid embolism with survival of the patient were diagnosed during the years 1972-1980--a case fatality rate of 66% (4/12).

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Maternal deaths related to abortions in Sweden, 1931-1980.

Deaths related to abortion accounted for 20% of all maternal mortality in Sweden during the period 1931-80. The risk of dying as a consequence of abortion, per 100,000 pregnancies, declined with a factor of 160 during the study period. Three main reasons for the improvement are discussed. The introduction of antibiotics reduced mortality due to illegal abortions, but during the 1950s and 1960s sepsis and air embolism resulting from illegal abortion still accounted for the bulk of the abortional mortality. Liberal legislation and abortional practice subsequently eliminated illegal abortions, and resulted in a more accurate and favorable statistical distribution of abortions by pregnancy week. This together with new technology reduced the legal abortions mortality rate to one-fiftieth over the last 30 years even though the number of legal abortions increased 7-fold.

Abortion, Illegal↗
PubMed1985

Cardiotocographic distortion of fetal heart rate variability. Theoretical considerations and exemplification by computerized simulation.

The error arising when evaluating FHR variability on CTG curves is demonstrated. Visual estimation is based on the appreciation of oscillation amplitude (O.A.) which is necessarily dependent on basic heart frequency and the changes therein. It reflects variability in a distorted way--the distortion can be as great as 33% even when the basic heart frequency remains within the normal range of 120-160 beats per minute.

Computers↗
PubMed1985

Effect of intraperitoneal instillation of 32% dextran 70 on postoperative adhesion formation after tubal surgery.

The intraperitoneal instillation of 32% dextran 70 (HyskonR, Pharmacia AB, Sweden) has previously been reported to prevent the formation of postoperative adhesions. Against this background, the present study was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of HyskonR in counteracting peritoneal adhesions following tubal microsurgery. 105 infertile women were operated upon in a prospective, randomized, controlled, double-blind, multicenter study. The intra-abdominal adhesions present from the beginning were classified by means of a standardized scoring scale and the extent of adhesions was again evaluated at follow-up laparoscopy 4-10 weeks later. A reduction in the extent of the intra-abdominal adhesions (statistically highly significant) was revealed in both the Hyskon group and the saline control group. The extent of adhesions in the Hyskon group was not lesser than in the saline group, however. The pregnancy rates in the two groups were also similar.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Effect of pharmacologically active agents upon the human myometrium in vivo. Theoretical and technical aspects.

Smooth muscle is capable of contracting in response to mechanical distension. Even though the structural basis for this phenomenon is not completely clear, a method has been designed by which the contractile response to mechanical distension of the human uterine muscle can be determined in vivo. The distension is enforced sinusoidally within the frequency range 0.006-1 Hz, by filling and emptying a rubber balloon introduced into the uterine cavity. A tonometric index of the myometrium is defined using Hook's law after the approximate evaluation of a contratile modulus and the tangential stress and strain in the innermost layer of the uterine wall. The regression lines of tonometric indices upon frequency are determined and intercepts of the equations for basic conditions are compared with those obtained during the administration of pharmacologically active agents. In a pilot study, this system, now modified for the evaluation of drug effects during early pregnancy, has been tested and found reliable.

Female↗
PubMed1985

Effect of the naturally occurring prostaglandins E2 and F2 alpha on the human myometrium in vivo during pregnancy.

Hysterometry has been used to evaluate the effect on the human myometrium in vivo during early pregnancy of the naturally occurring prostaglandins E2 and F2 alpha. The hystermetric technique is based upon the fact that mechanical distension of smooth muscle induces contraction. According to the analysis of the contractile responses, the effects of the agents have been determined quantitatively. The drug effects have been characterized by changes in myometrial response between registrations under basic conditions and during the infusion of the active agent, respectively. It was found that when these drugs were given in the doses usually employed in clinical practice, the effect on contractility of the PGF2 alpha compound was more pronounced than that of the PGE2. However, when describing the results on a microgram basis, the PGE2 was confirmed to be more potent than the PGF2 alpha by a factor of up to 7-8.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

The decline in maternal mortality in Sweden, 1931-1980.

Maternal mortality in Sweden has declined steeply over the past 50 years. The reasons for this gratifying trend have been analysed. A decreasing incidence of complications during pregnancy and delivery, together with a lower case fatality rate from complications have been found to account for the major part of the reduction in maternal mortality in Sweden. This has been achieved by improvements in obstetrical and antenatal care, by the introduction of antibiotics and blood transfusion, and by a favorable shift to more appropriate ages for reproduction.

Eclampsia↗
PubMed1979

Minimal brain dysfunction in children born in breech presentation.

The influence of delivery in breech presentation on the occurrence of minimal brain dysfunction (MBD) has been studied. Parents of 8--15 year old children were asked to account for behavioral and educational deficits and needs of their children from birth until the date of investigation. It was found that among prematurely delivered children, the frequency of MBD, defined as hyperkinesia and learning disability, amounted to about 20 per cent and was similarly distributed between children , however, the average frequency of hyperkinesia and learning disability amounted to 8 per cent; in children born in breech presentation it was 14 per cent, while in those born in vertex presentation the corresponding figure was 2 per cent. MBD was more common in boys (16 per cent) than in girls (12 per cent).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Serum levels of total dehydroepiandrosterone and total estrone in postmenopausal women with special regard to carcinoma of the uterine corpus.

Serum levels of total dehydroepiandrosterone and total estrone were determined in 18 postmenopausal women with carcinoma of the uterine corpus (stage I, grade 1-3) and in 40 healthy postmenopausal women. Elevated levels of both steroids were found in the carcinoma group, for dehydroepiandrosterone 2010+/-195 vs. 1299+/-117 nM, p less than 0.01, and for estrone 2,38+/-0.24 vs. 1.36+/-0.11 nM, p less than 0.001. Dehydroepiandrosterone as well as the precursors of estrone are almost exclusively of adrenal origin in the postmenopausal woman. Thus these findings indicate a role of the adrenal cortex in the etiology of corpus carcinoma, either by providing increased levels of substrate for the peripheral synthesis of estrone or a direct action of adrenal androgens on the endometrial tissue.

Aged↗
PubMed1979

Effect of alkoxyglycerols on the frequency of fistulas following radiation therapy for carcinoma of the uterine cervix.

The incidence of injuries following radiation therapy for carcinoma of the uterine cervix is markedly decreased by the administration of alkoxyglycerols. This is the case for less harmful injuries as well as for the more severe ones, i.e. the fistulas. Recto-vaginal and vesico-vaginal fistulas are reduced with 47 per cent when alkoxyglycerols are administered prior to radiation treatment.

Female↗
PubMed1979

Determination of tonicity in the non pregnant human uterus in vivo.

The method hysterometry has been designed for the study of the effect upon the uterine muscle of pharmacologically active agents. Hysterometry has earlier been used on the pregnant uterus and is now described for the non-pregnant situation. The capacity of the technique is exemplified with results achieved in a study of the effect of prostaglandin synthetase inhibitors and beta-receptor stimulating agents during dysmenorrhea.

Albuterol↗
PubMed1979

The effect of inhibitors of prostaglandin synthesis in primary dysmenorrhea studied with hysterometry.

The technique called hysterometry has been used for the quantitative evaluation of effect of naproxen sodium and naproxen on myometrial tension in vivo during dysmenorrhea. It was observed that "uterine tonicity" - the datum arrived at after hysterometric recording - decreased significantly during naproxen medication in comparison with placebo treatment. Decrease in uterine tonicity was well correlated with relief of pain.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

The effects of isoproterenol on fetal oxygenation.

Infusion of isoproterenol (1 microgram/kg/min, i.v.) into the anesthetized pregnant rhesus monkey near term consistently reduced fetal oxygenation, despite diminishing myometrial activity. The decline in pO2 of fetal arterial blood (mean = 4.3 +/- 2.3 mmHg S.D.) was accompanied by an increase in pCO2 tension (mean = 4.6 +/- 2.7 mmHg) and a decline in pH (mean = 0.04 +/- 0.02 S.D.). There was an increase in heart rate and a widening of pulse pressure in the mother and also in the adequately oxygenated fetus providing evidence that the agent crosses the placenta. The poorly oxygenated fetuses developed bradycardia and hypotension. Administration of isoproterenol directly to the fetus elicited similar changes in the composition of blood, and in blood pressure and heart rate, to those observed after administration of the agent to the mother.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Reversible sterilization.

The present techniques for sterilization of women consist of different methods to block the passage through the oviducts. The disadvantage of all techniques is that the possiblity of restoring fertility is very limited. The aim of the present study is to demonstrate a method of sterilization which is reversible.

Animals↗