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Biomedical subjects

I J Shapiro

Publications and source records attributed to I J Shapiro.

4 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1995

Parallel-testing infinity balance. Instrument and technique for the parallel testing of binocular vision.

Routine refraction involves a series of tests during which changes carried out in the latter part of the routine may alter parameters already considered to have been fixed. These earlier parameters, although thought to have been fixed, are therefore not always valid. No binocular testing device is presently available which allows the practitioner to be aware of how the changing of one parameter affects the others. The Parallel-Testing Infinity Balance (PTIB) has been designed to provide that tool. It is an adaptation of the Turville Infinity Balance. It has the potential for binocular balancing, including suppression, astigmatic distortion, image size and shape variation, and vertical and horizontal imbalances. There follows a discussion of its design and use.

Accommodation, Ocular↗
PubMed1994

Relation between vertical facial asymmetry and postural changes of the spine and ancillary muscles.

Some patients presenting with head tilt maintain binocular vision by the adaptation of the spinal position. It is suggested that in cases of hyper eye facial asymmetry, where one eye is positioned higher than the other, the head will tilt to equalize the ocular heights in order to maintain binocularity during concentrated visual tasks. This phenomenon is a subdivision of ocular torticollis. The continuous head tilt causes adaptations by the spine and its ancillary muscles. Early treatment by small vertical prisms can alleviate stress discomfort and prevent it in the future.

Adaptation, Physiological↗