Biomedical subjects

I Hirata

Publications and source records attributed to I Hirata.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources

PubMed1995

The forms and the levels of fecal PMN-elastase in patients with colorectal diseases.

OBJECTIVES: To compare the form of polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN)-elastase in feces with that in plasma and to investigate the usefulness of measuring fecal PMN-elastase levels in patients with colorectal diseases. METHODS: We examined PMN-elastase complexed with alpha 1-antitrypsin (alpha 1-AT), chymotrypsin, and alpha 2-macroglobulin by ELISA in feces and plasma. Fecal levels of total PMN-elastase were determined in patients with colonic polyp (N = 19), colonic cancer (N = 20), ulcerative colitis (UC; N = 36), colonic Crohn's disease (CD; N = 26), and in control subjects (N = 20). RESULTS: Most PMN-elastase was not complexed with alpha 1-AT, chymotrypsin, or alpha 2-macroglobulin in feces, whereas most plasma PMN-elastase was complexed with alpha 1-AT. Fecal concentrations and daily fecal excretion of PMN-elastase were significantly increased in patients with active UC (medians 54.8 micrograms/g, 15.14 mg/day) and active CD (41.5 micrograms/g, 10.24 mg/day) compared to those values in control subjects (0.6 micrograms/g, 0.11 mg/day) and in patients with colonic cancer (2.5 micrograms/g, 0.33 mg/day). In inactive UC and CD, these values (3.4 micrograms/g, 0.52 mg/day and 5.2 micrograms/g, 0.59 mg/day, respectively) were significantly lower than in active UC and CD, respectively. In UC, all patients whose rectal biopsies showed infiltration of PMN had high fecal PMN-elastase levels. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that the measurement of fecal PMN-elastase concentrations are useful for monitoring the disease activity of UC and CD, especially when evaluating whether intestinal inflammation has disappeared completely.

Adult↗

PubMed1994

Effects of 16, 16-dimethyl prostaglandin E2 on lysosomal membrane stability in rat stomach.

The lysosomal membrane encloses numerous hydrolytic enzymes and prevents the cytoplasm from being damaged by these enzymes. It is possible that the fragility of this membrane may be implicated in the pathogenesis of gastric mucosal damage. We investigated the effects of 16,16-dimethyl prostaglandin E2 (dmPGE2), which is known to protect the gastric mucosa from various noxious agents, on lysosomal membrane stability in the rat stomach. Sodium taurocholate (TC) was used as the damaging agent. To assess lysosomal membrane stability in the gastric mucosa, we assayed acid phosphatase released from lysosomes isolated from a gastric mucosal homogenate. To assess lysosomal membrane stability in gastric surface epithelial cells, we used laser scanning confocal microscopy to observe the fading of red fluorescence in living cells vitally stained with acridine orange. Exogenous dmPGE2 enhanced lysosomal membrane stability in the gastric mucosa, whereas TC decreased it. In gastric surface epithelial cells, exogenous dmPGE2 protected the cells against TC-induced damage and prevented TC-induced decreased lysosomal membrane stability. It was concluded that a decrease in lysosomal membrane stability seemed to be closely involved in the pathogenesis of gastric mucosal damage. Moreover, it appears that stabilization of the lysosomal membrane by exogenous dmPGE2 may contribute to its protective effect in the gastric mucosa, both at the level of gastric surface epithelial cells and in regard to the entire gastric mucosa.

Acid Phosphatase↗

PubMed1994

Duodenitis--distinguishing features in a retrospective endoscopic and histological study.

Routine films of 596 upper GI endoscopies with the diagnosis of duodenitis were reviewed and a classification was made into granular (G), multi-polypoid (MP), reddened (R) and erosive (E) types. Two hundred and thirty-four histological specimens from 117 of the patients, as well as 100 specimens from 50 controls, were analyzed for villous obliteration, Brunner's gland dilatation and mucus depletion, erosion, mucosal hemorrhage and edema, atypia of the surface epithelium and gastric surface epithelial metaplasia. Inflammatory cell counts for polymorphonuclear and mononuclear cells in the epithelium, in the lamina propria together with a histological score was also made. On the basis of this study and a review of classifications of duodenitis in the literature, it is concluded that some endoscopical features like erosions and redness may represent more acute phases of duodenitis, mucosal elevations representing more hyperplastic changes and that the endoscopic classification into G, MP, R and E types seem relevant to use in clinical practice.

Biopsy↗

PubMed1993

Elevated Le(y) antigen expression on T-lymphocytes in schizophrenic patients.

Le(y) is a carbohydrate determinant of membrane glycoconjugates and is expressed in some tumor and embryonic cells. On T lymphocytes, it is known that human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected human lymphocyte T-cell lines express elevated Le(y) antigen and AIDS patients show the highest Le(y) expression in T lymphocytes at lower CD4/CD8 ratio. Later, a comparative elevation of Le(y) expression on T-cell subsets has been noticed to be mainly present in patients with viral diseases, such as acute and chronic hepatitis, implying an association of the highest Le(y) expression with viral infection. We found that Le(y) antigen was most expressed in both CD4+ and CD8+ subsets of peripheral T lymphocytes in hospitalized schizophrenic patients. On the other hand, atypical lymphocytes with stimulated morphology are known to appear in the blood circulation of schizophrenic patients. Similar atypical lymphocytes have also been described in viral and autoimmune diseases. Two possibilities have been discussed: viral association in the pathology in some schizophrenic patients; and immunological abnormalities including environmental effects under hospitalization on immune status, since normal controls (staff in psychiatric hospitals) showed higher Le(y) expression than normal controls under non-psychiatric circumstances.

Adult↗

PubMed1993

Kimura's disease (angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia) associated with ulcerative colitis.

We treated a 35-year-old Japanese woman who had Kimura's disease associated with ulcerative colitis. Kimura's disease is an uncommon chronic inflammatory disease considered to be of allergic origin based on the presence of eosinophilia and IgE hyperimmunoglobulinemia, and may be a manifestation of a systemic immunologic disturbance. Some immunological complications such as nephrotic syndrome have been reported in association with Kimura's disease, but the present case is the first associated with ulcerative colitis.

Adult↗

PubMed1993

The effect of acid secretagogues on mucin synthesis using primary monolayer culture of the guinea pig gastric mucous cells.

Mucin plays a principal role in protecting the gastric mucosa against injury. We investigated the effect of acid secretagogues on mucin synthesis using a primary gastric mucous cell monolayer culture system of guinea pig. Significant increases in mucin synthesis were observed in response to the secretagogues pentagastrin (10(-8)M, 10(-7)M) and carbachol (10(-4)M, 10(-3)M), but not to histamine. After pretreatment with indomethacin (10(-5)M), 10(-8)M pentagastrin significantly increased mucin synthesis to 125.6 +/- 3.9%, but carbachol did not. Prostaglandin E2 release into the culture medium was significantly increased by 10(-4)M carbachol to 118.0 +/- 5.9%, but there was no change after application of pentagastrin. These findings suggest that pentagastrin and carbachol may act directly on mucous cells, and that part of the mucin synthesis-promoting action of carbachol is mediated by prostaglandins. There were no changes in intracellular cAMP concentration after the addition of these acid secretagogues. However, calcium ionophore (A23187) produced an increase in mucin synthesis, suggesting a Ca++ involvement in mucin synthesis. No differences were found in the sugar side chain structures of newly synthesized mucin glycoprotein as a result of exposure to acid secretagogues by histochemical or biochemical methods using lectins.

Animals↗

PubMed1993

Is Helicobacter pylori a causal agent in gastric carcinoma?

The aim of this study is to clarify the relationship between Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection and gastric carcinoma. 94 patients with gastric carcinoma and 111 patients with chronic gastritis were involved in this study. They were classified into 3 age groups: Group A (40 years and under), Group B (41-59), Group C (60 years and over). Serum samples were tested for H. pylori IgG antibodies by ELISA and for pepsinogen (PG) by RIA. The ratio of PG I/PG II was used as a marker for atrophic gastritis. Results were as follows. In the incidence of H. pylori antibodies, there was no significant differences between gastric carcinoma and chronic gastritis in any of the groups. In the quantity of H. pylori antibodies, there was no significant difference between gastric carcinoma and chronic gastritis in any of the groups. The ratio of PG I/PG II was significantly decreased in H. pylori positive cases when compared to H. pylori negative cases in each group with chronic gastritis and group A and B with gastric carcinoma. The ratio of PG I/PG II in gastric carcinoma was significantly lower than that of chronic gastritis. As conclusion, from the point of view of the prevalence of H. pylori, it is suggested that H. pylori is not a direct causal agent in the pathogenesis of gastric carcinoma.

Adult↗

PubMed1993

Immunological specificity of Helicobacter pylori urease and identification by immunological detection of its specific urease.

Helicobacter pylori urease was recovered as a single peak by DEAE-Sepharose column chromatography and Sephacryl S-200 gel filtration. The purified urease was obtained by fast protein liquid chromatography using a Mono Q column. The purified urease preparation gave a single band in polyacrylamide gel disc electrophoresis. Latex particles were sensitized with anti-urease immunoglobulin. The sensitized latex particles were agglutinated with the purified urease and by cell sonicates obtained from 55 strains of H. pylori which were isolated from the gastric mucosa of patients with gastric and duodenal disorders, while they did not react with those obtained from related bacteria known to be urease producers, such as Helicobacter mustelae and urease- positive "Campylobacter lari variants", or by urease of some strains of Enterobacteriae. We have developed a specific and sensitive method for detecting the urease by using the reversed passive latex agglutination technique, in order to identify of the organism.

Antigens, Bacterial↗

PubMed1993

[On the outbreak of Shigellosis in Tokyo, 1992].

In 1992, the number of cases of shigellosis in Tokyo increased remarkably, and a total of 10 separate outbreaks were confirmed. Except for 1 series where the causative strains was Shigella flexneri 3a, the other 9 outbreaks were caused by Shigella sonnei. Of note, 7 outbreaks were familial with less than 5 patients. The remaining 3 outbreaks occurred in a restaurant, a school and the dormitory of an orphanage, in which the organism was detected in 6 to 14 patients. In 4 of the familial outbreaks occurring in distant areas during August, ark shell was presumed to be the vehicle by epidemiological investigations and laboratory examinations. Analysis of isolates such as the antibiotic resistance pattern, plasmid profile, or colicine type in Shigella sonnei was useful in clarifying the commonality of each case and identifying the vehicle or transmission.

Adult↗

PubMed1993

[A study on acid resistance of Helicobacter pylori].

Physiological saline solutions, each adjusted to pH 1.0, pH 2.0 and pH 7.2, and added urea and urease inhibitor (Acetohydroxamic acid), were inoculated with a culture solution of Helicobacter pylori NCTC11637 strain derived from man, and allowed to react for 10, 30, 60 and 120 minutes. After five days of incubation on a blood agar medium, remaining viable H. pylori was counted. Survival of H. pylori was inadequate under the conditions of pH 1.0 and pH 2.0, but survival up to 120 min was observed on addition of urea. Further, on addition of urease inhibitor the survival time was reduced. H. pylori survived under the condition of pH 7.2 independent of addition of urea and urease inhibitor. Urea is essential for survival of H. pylori under strongly acidic conditions, and utility of urease inhibitor was observed for inhibition of survival of H. pylori.

Acids↗

PubMed1993

[Experimental infection of the cynomolgus monkey with Helicobacter pylori].

To better understand the pathogenesis of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) associated gastritis and to evaluate the effectiveness of potential therapies in ulcer healing, we established an experimental animal model of H. pylori infection. A strain of H. pylori was isolated from the stomach of a Cynomolgus monkey, cultured and used to inoculate as a group of H. pylori negative monkeys. H. pylori-induced changes in the gastric mucosa was monitored both endoscopically and by histological evaluation of mucosal biopsy. After inoculation, H. pylori was found to colonize the gastric mucosa of these primates and had induced gastritis. In a related experimental series, we developed an experimental acetic-acid induced ulcer in the stomach of these monkeys. These results suggest that the Cynomolgus monkey may be a useful model to study H. pylori infection.

Animals↗

PubMed1993

[Helicobacter pylori and urease activity--comparative study between urease positive and negative mutant strains].

The ammonia concentration in the gastric juice from H. pylori positive cases was significantly higher than that from negative cases, and there was positive correlation between number of H. pylori, gastritis score and ammonia concentration in gastric juice. It is suggested that ammonia in gastric juice which is produced by powerful urease activity of H. pylori is one of the pathogenic factors in gastritis. We succeeded in producing a urease-negative mutant strain of H. pylori. This strain did not colonize gastric mucosa of Cynomolgus monkeys. H. pylori survival time in vitro was increased at pH 2.0 in the presence of urea. These results suggest that urease facilitates colonization of gastric mucosa by H. pylori, and prolongs the survival of H. pylori in an acidic environment.

Ammonia↗

PubMed1993

[Isolation identification and quantitative culture of Helicobacter pylori from gastric mucosa].

The biopsy specimens were homogenized and diluted ten-fold serially in Hank's solution. Each dilution samples were streaked on Skirrow's selective medium. The plates were incubated at 37 degrees C 5 to 7 days under micro-aerobic condition and counting the viable cell of H. pylori. The positive rate of specimens with H. pylori in active gastric ulcer tissue (62.0%) was higher than that in scarred tissue (51.9%). Number of H. pylori viable cells in active ulcer tissue was significantly larger than in scarred tissue. The positive correlation between Raw's gastritis score of specimens from patients with erosive gastritis and number of H. pylori viable cells was clearly noticed.

Culture Techniques↗

PubMed1993

[Helicobacter pylori and the development of atrophic gastritis].

A close relationship between H. pylori infection and atrophic gastritis has been reported, and atrophic gastritis has been thought of as one of the precursors of gastric carcinoma. It was reported that there was a significant positive correlation between the reduction of serum pepsinogen (PG) I/II ratio and the progression of atrophic gastritis. The ratio of PG I/II was significantly decreased in H. pylori positive patients when compared to H. pylori negative patients with chronic gastritis. The PG I/II ratio in gastric cancer was significantly lower than that of chronic gastritis, while the prevalence of H. pylori was not significant difference between gastric carcinoma and chronic gastritis. It is suggested that there is strong correlation between H. pylori infection and the development of atrophic gastritis, and that eradication of H. pylori from gastric mucosa might reduce the risk of developing gastric carcinoma.

Adult↗

PubMed1992

Effects of anti-acid secretory agents on various types of gastric mucus.

Total, acidic, and sulfated mucus contents in the gastric mucosa were evaluated after administration to rats of ranitidine and pirenzepine, antagonists of gastric parietal cell receptors; omeprazole, a proton-pump/inhibitor; and misoprostol, a prostaglandin E1 preparation. Total gastric mucus content was significantly decreased by ranitidine, but contents of acidic mucus and sulfated mucus showed a slight increase. Total mucus and acidic mucus contents were slightly increased after administration of pirenzepine, whereas the sulfated mucus content was significantly increased. The total gastric mucus content was significantly decreased after administration of omeprazole, but acidic mucus increased slightly and sulfated mucus increased significantly. All mucus contents were unchanged after administration of anti-acid secretory dose of midoptodyol. After administration of either ranitidine or omeprazole, the neutral mucus content decreased, but the total acid and sulfated mucus contents were not decreased. Changes in various mucus contents following inhibition of acid secretion are different for different drugs, and it was suggested that production of neutral mucus and secretion of acid mucus were reduced by strong inhibition of acid secretion.

Animals↗

PubMed1992

Immunological determination of fecal hemoglobin and transferrin levels: a comparison with other fecal occult blood tests.

Immunological determination of fecal hemoglobin and transferrin levels was performed in inpatients on an unrestricted diet, including patients with colon cancer or polyps and a control group. When hemoglobin levels of 5.1 micrograms/g feces and transferrin levels of 0.4 microgram/g feces were designated as positive, 48 of the 60 fecal specimens from colon cancer patients were positive. This result was significantly superior to that for another fecal occult blood immunological test (FECA-EIA) (p less than 0.005), and similar to the results of two chemical tests (guaiac and Hemoccult). Twenty-eight of the 78 fecal specimens from patients with colonic polyps were positive, again a result superior to the FECA-EIA (p less than 0.005) and similar to the chemical tests. Three of the 99 control fecal specimens were positive, which was a similar result to that obtained with the FECA-EIA and significantly superior to the chemical tests (both p less than 0.005). Thus, combined detection of fecal hemoglobin and transferrin levels can be used as a fecal occult blood test in patients without dietary restriction.

Aged↗

PubMed1991

Clinical study of a new fecal occult blood test using a combination assay of hemoglobin and transferrin.

The applicability of a new immunological fecal occult blood test in which hemoglobin (Hb) and transferrin (Tf) are simultaneously assayed was evaluated. The mean absorbance and standard deviation (510/630 nm) obtained by this test was 0.840 +/- 0.805 in 51 fecal samples from patients with colon cancer, 0.248 +/- 0.305 in 95 samples from patients with colon polyps, and 0.104 +/- 0.053 in 110 samples from control patients; these values differed significantly (P less than 0.005). Hb and Tf concentrations were separately determined in the same fecal samples, and qualitative evaluation was performed with a cutoff value of 5.1 micrograms/g feces for Hb and 0.4 micrograms/g feces for Tf. Hb or Tf was positive in 41 of the 51 samples in the colon cancer group, 33 of the 95 in the colon polyp group, and 3 of the 110 in the control group. Qualitative analysis of the values obtained by the combination assay of Hb and Tf with a cutoff value of 0.200 revealed positive rates of 41/51 in the colon cancer group, 33/95 in the colon polyp group, and 4/110 in the control group. These results suggest the usefulness of a combination assay of Hb and Tf as a fecal occult blood test.

Aged↗

PubMed1991

[The expression of IgE Fc receptors on peripheral blood monocytes in asthmatic patients].

We measured the expression of the IgE Fc receptor, Fc epsilon RII, on peripheral blood monocytes isolated from asthmatic patients and normal subjects by laser flow cytometry. After peripheral blood mononuclear cells were incubated with monoclonal antibodies, H107, which recognize Fc epsilon RII, FITC-labeled second antibodies were reacted with them. The cells were then incubated with PE-labeled Leu M3 monoclonal antibodies and the ratios of H107 positive monocytes were measured by two color analysis. The ratio of H107 positive monocytes in atopic asthmatic patients was significantly greater than the ratio in normal subjects. But the ratio was not higher in 9 out of the 14 atopic asthmatic patients. This indicated that atopic asthmatic patients are divided into two groups by the expression of Fc epsilon RII on monocytes. Total serum IgE level was not related to the ratio of H107 positive monocytes.

Adult↗