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Biomedical subjects

I Hindmarch

Publications and source records attributed to I Hindmarch.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

The effect of zopiclone 7.5 mg on the sleep, mood and performance of shift workers.

Shift workers often complain of an inability to sleep well between successive periods of work. The purpose of the study was to assess the influence of zopiclone, hypnotic with minimal residual effects, on work-time performance and mood. In this double-blind, cross-over study, 12 healthy male volunteers, aged between 18 and 35 years, from the Royal Air Force, working 12 h shifts in radar installations, were given zopiclone 7.5 mg at bed time or placebo for 2 shift cycles in a randomized order. Zopiclone significantly improved night time sleep, with a trend towards improvement of day-time sleep. There was no effect on psychomotor performance (assessed by critical flicker fusion threshold, choice reaction time and digit symbol substitution test) nor on mood (assessed by visual analogue scales). It can be concluded that zopiclone is a safe hypnotic which can be used by shift workers without impairing work time performance.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

The effects of sertraline on psychomotor performance in elderly volunteers.

The psychopharmacologic effects of sertraline, a new antidepressant drug, are reviewed. A double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study was conducted, investigating the effects of 9 days' administration of sertraline and mianserin on cognitive and psychomotor performance of elderly volunteers. The two antidepressants were given on a rising dose schedule for the first five days of treatment (sertraline 100 mg Day 1 and 2, 150 mg Days 3 and 4, and 200 mg Day 5; mianserin 10 mg Days 1 and 2, 20 mg Days 3 and 4, and 30 mg Day 5) with the highest dose (mianserin 30 mg and sertraline 200 mg) being intended for the rest of the study. To assess the effect of concomitant alcohol administration, alcohol (0.5 g/kg body weight) was given 6 hours after the last dose of each treatment. There was a severe intolerance to the effects of mianserin in this group of patients even at the lowest dose and, as many subjects were withdrawn, there was no formal analysis because of the missing data. However, the available evidence showed the expected sedative effects on a number of psychometric tests. Single or multiple doses of sertraline did not affect objective measures of performance. The addition of alcohol did not affect these results. The results indicate that sertraline has a neutral psychomotor profile in the elderly and appears to have no additive depressant effects when taken with moderate amounts of alcohol.

1-Naphthylamine↗
PubMed1989

The evaluation of a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (tenoxicam) in the treatment of sleep disturbance in osteoarthritic patients.

The effects of a nocturnal nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (tenoxicam) on twelve male osteoarthritic patients were investigated in a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over study. Tenoxicam produced no significant changes in any of the areas evaluated which included electroencephalographic (EEG) sleep, subjective sleep, pain and early morning stiffness. The selection of patients may have contributed to this unexpected result. There was no evidence to suggest that tenoxicam caused any unwanted side-effects or affected early morning psychomotor performance. The use of the sleep EEG as an objective pain measure is discussed.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

The effects of terfenadine with and without alcohol on an aspect of car driving performance.

Twelve healthy female volunteers received acute doses of terfenadine, 60 mg, 120 mg, 240 mg or placebo, followed by a 'social' dose of alcohol equivalent to 0.5 g absolute alcohol/kg body weight. Performance was assessed on laboratory analogues of car driving both before and after alcohol administration. Terfenadine (240 mg) was found to significantly impair performance alone and following alcohol. The results demonstrate the importance of establishing the behavioural effects of drugs over a range of doses.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Lormetazepam, memory and information processing: a review.

A review was made of the literature exploring the psychopharmacology of lormetazepam. Results from studies show that there can be a general hangover the morning following nocturnal doses of 2 mg. Findings from more recent work have shown that the 1.5 mg dose can disrupt retrieval of information from short-term memory. Lormetazepam 1 mg has no residual sedative effects. A daytime psychopharmacodynamic study showed lormetazepam 1-2 mg to have no disruptive effects 5 h after drug intake.

Anti-Anxiety Agents↗
PubMed1988

Information processing, critical flicker fusion threshold and benzodiazepines: results and speculations.

There is evidence to suggest that the rate of information processing, as measured by the critical flicker fusion threshold (CFFT), is slower following some benzodiazepines than others. Changes in CFFT brought about by benzodiazepine administration are usually, but not always, correlated with changes in other measures of cognitive performance and memory. However, the drug-induced changes in information processing and memory cannot be fully explained by simple postulates regarding alterations in the overall level of CNS arousal. Results from a series of studies of the effect of benzodiazepines on measures of CFFT and memory will be reviewed and the utility of CFFT in evaluating the amnesic or mnemonic potential of CNS-active drugs will be assessed.

Anti-Anxiety Agents↗
PubMed1988

Measurement of nocturnal body motility: behaviour of osteoarthritic patients and healthy controls.

Nocturnal body motility has been compared in a sleep laboratory between patients with osteoarthritis and healthy age-, sex- and weight-matched controls using a Bio-medical timer and bedleg force transducers connected to a Disa polygraph. Four motility variables were derived (duration of movement; duration adjusted for sensitivity; number of movements; number of 30-s epochs containing movements) enabling an assessment of nocturnal body motility in the two groups. There was a trend for osteoarthritic patients to move more than controls during sleep on all variables measured, although this did not reach statistical significance. Temazepam elixir (0.4 mg/kg body weight/night) reduced all four motility variables in both osteoarthritic patients and controls, although only the reduction of the number of 30-s epochs containing movements (P less than 0.05) in the control group attained statistical significance.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

Psychopharmacological effects of sertraline in normal, healthy volunteers.

A double-blind, placebo controlled, cross-over study was carried out in 10 normal healthy volunteers to investigate the effects of sertraline 25 mg, 50 mg, 75 mg and 100 mg on aspects of cognitive functioning. Changes with respect to placebo in objective tests of psychomotor function (critical flicker fusion and choice reaction time) showed that sertraline had an alerting effect. The changes were not consistent with subjective reports of drowsiness.

1-Naphthylamine↗
PubMed1988

Factor analysis of the St. Mary's Hospital Sleep Questionnaire.

The St. Mary's Hospital Sleep Questionnaire was designed to evaluate the sleep of hospital patients. To gain an understanding of possible underlying factors, the questionnaire was factor analysed using data collected from 222 hospitalised rheumatic patients. The analysis did not produce a completely clear factor structure. Two factors relating to "sleep latency" and "sleep quality" emerged more clearly than the other factors produced. These factors correspond with two sleeping state factors (ease of getting to sleep; quality of sleep) that were extracted by a previous factor analysis of the Leeds Sleep Evaluation Questionnaire. This suggests that the two most important aspects of subjectively perceived sleep are the process of going to sleep and the quality of sleep.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗
PubMed1988

An investigation of the effects of lofepramine, nomifensine, amitriptyline and placebo on aspects of memory and psychomotor performance related to car driving.

Ten healthy, female volunteers took part in a double-blind, placebo-controlled study to investigate the effects of lofepramine 70 mg, lofepramine 140 mg, nomifensine 100 mg, amitriptyline 50 mg and placebo on psychomotor performance related to driving. One subject failed to complete the study for reasons unrelated to the medications. Each subject received each of the treatments in random order at weekly intervals and was then assessed for psychomotor performance, sedation and quality of sleep. Amitriptyline 50 mg served as a positive control producing results consistent with its known sedative properties. In contrast, lofepramine 70 mg and 140 mg and nomifensine 100 mg were generally free from any significant effect on psychomotor performance.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Comparison of sleep in osteoarthritic patients and age and sex matched healthy controls.

A sleep laboratory comparison of the sleep of 14 osteoarthritic patients with that of 16 age and sex matched healthy controls was undertaken. After three nights of adaptation continuous recordings of electroencephalographic (EEG), electro-oculographic (EOG), and electromyographic (EMG) activity were obtained for the next two nights. A comparison of EEG sleep variables during this baseline period showed that osteoarthritic patients had a significantly greater percentage of stage 1 and significantly smaller percentage of stage 2 sleep than control subjects. These findings indicate sleep disturbance in osteoarthritic patients. The limited degree of disturbance observed in these patients may be due to the fact that they were allowed to continue with their normal anti-inflammatory and analgesic medication for the course of the study.

Aged↗