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Biomedical subjects

I Hashimoto

Publications and source records attributed to I Hashimoto.

At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

[Clinical evaluation of cefpodoxime proxetil in the treatment of skin and soft tissue infections. A double blind comparison of cefpodoxime proxetil and cefaclor].

In order to objectively evaluate the effectiveness, safety and usefulness of the new oral cephem cefpodoxime proxetil (CS-807, CPDX-PR) for the treatment of skin and soft tissue infections, a double-blind comparative study was undertaken using cefaclor (CCL) as the control drug. CPDX-PR and CCL were administered for 7 days at daily doses of 400 mg (divided into 2 portions) and 750 mg (divided into 3 portions), respectively. A total of 243 patients (118 in the CPDX-PR group and 125 in the CCL group) was treated in this study. The effectiveness, safety and usefulness were evaluated in 222 (106 in the CPDX-PR group and 116 in the CCL group), 234 (113 in the CPDX-PR group and 121 in the CCL group) and in 223 patients (107 in the CPDX-PR group and 116 in the CCL group), respectively. There were no differences in patients' backgrounds between the 2 groups, except for the presence or the absence of surgical treatments. The results we obtained are summarized below: 1. In the evaluation of clinical efficacy by the subcommittee, excellent, good, fair and poor efficacy were observed in 36, 43, 17 and 10 patients in the CPDX-PR group, respectively; the efficacy rate was, therefore, calculated to be 74.5%. As for the CCL group, respective results were observed in 50, 39, 17 and 10 patients, indicating an efficacy rate of 76.7%. There was no significant difference between the 2 groups. Improvement rates judged by physicians in charge were 80.2% in the CPDX-PR group and 88.8% in the CCL group. Moreover, no significant difference in diseases or severity were found between the 2 groups. 2. As for the bacteriological efficacy, the 2 groups showed high elimination rates, as 90.1% and 91.6% of the disease causing bacteria were eliminated in the CPDX-PR group and in the CCL group, respectively. Elimination rates in single infections with Staphylococcus aureus were determined to be 85.7% in the CPDX-PR group and 85.0% in the CCL group. 3. Although 6 patients in the CPDX-PR group and 2 patients in the CCL group developed side effects, which were mainly gastrointestinal symptoms, there was no significant difference in the incidence of side effects between the 2 groups. Abnormal laboratory values were found in 5 patients in the CPDX-PR group and 1 patient in the CCL group. 4. There was no significant difference in the usefulness between the 2 groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Abscess↗
PubMed1987

Somatosensory evoked potentials elicited by air-puff stimuli generated by a new high-speed air control system.

Sharp-fronted air-puffs (a rise-time of 1 msec) generated by the new high-speed air control system were used for eliciting SEPs. This system employs a rotating disk driven by a synchronous electric motor for high-speed control of air flow from a compressed air source. The air-puff is reproducible and its pressure wave form can be varied. SEPs to air-puffs or electrical stimulations of the right hand recorded from the contralateral parietal scalp had similar wave forms, but SEPs to air-puffs showed longer latencies (1-4 msec) and smaller amplitudes than those to electrical stimuli. The amplitude of early components in air-puff SEPs was on average 30% of that in electrical SEPs, but later components reached up to about 90%.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Preovulatory secretion of progesterone, luteinizing hormone, and prolactin in 4-day and 5-day cycling rats.

Timing of ovulation and changes in plasma progesterone, luteinizing hormone (LH), and prolactin (PRL) during periovulatory stages were determined in Holtzman rats exhibiting regular 4- or 5-day cycles under a daily artificial illumination from 0500 to 1900 h. The 5-day cycling rats ovulated between 0130 and 0930 h on estrus, whereas some of the 4-day cycling animals ovulated as early as about 0130 h and others as late as 1130 h on estrus. Onset time of preovulatory LH and progesterone surges was about 1500 h on proestrus in both the 4- and the 5-day cycling rats. Peak levels of plasma LH and progesterone were measured at 1700 to 1900 h on proestrus, while the first rises and peak values of plasma PRL were evident a few hours earlier than those of plasma LH in the rats with two cycle lengths. Plasma LH levels at 1900 h on proestrus as well as plasma progesterone levels at 1600 and 2300 h on proestrus and at 0130 and 0330 h on estrus were significantly lower in the 5-day cycling rats than in the 4-day cycling animals (p less than 0.05). In contrast, PRL levels from 1500 through 2300 h on proestrus remained consistently higher in 5-day cycling rats than in 4-day cycling rats, and significant differences in PRL levels between these rats were apparent at 1500, 1600, and 2100 h (p less than 0.05-0.01). Thus, these results demonstrate that the 5-day cycling rats exhibit the attenuated magnitude of LH surge accompanied by the augmented preovulatory PRL release, and that plasma progesterone levels reflect the magnitude of LH surge. A tentative working hypothesis concerning the etiology of the 5-day cycle has been proposed.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

[Pharmacokinetics of cefmetazole during and after surgical operations].

Cefmetazole (CMZ), with its relatively broad antibacterial spectrum, good stability to beta-lactamases and a high degree of safety, has established a place in the antibacterial therapy. In this study the pharmacokinetics of CMZ during and after surgical operations were investigated. CMZ in a dose of 2 g was administered intravenously to 15 cases operated upon for ailments of abdominal organs (10 cases of cholecystolithiasis and 5 cases of early or resectable gastric cancer). The serum samples were taken during and on the 2nd or the 3rd day after operation. Concentrations of CMZ in serum were measured by bioassay with Micrococcus luteus ATCC 9341 and by a high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. CMZ concentrations during the operation was at higher level than on the 2nd or the 3rd day after the operation. In cholecystolithiasis, the half-life time (T 1/2) was 2.11 hours during operation and 1.42 hours after the operation. In cases of gastric cancer, T 1/2 was 1.31 hours during operation and 2.21 hours after the operation. In cholecystolithiasis, area under the curves (AUCs) were 469.39 micrograms.hr/ml during operation and 294.44 micrograms.hr/ml after the operation. In cancer cases, AUC's were 339.83 micrograms.hr/ml during and 329.75 micrograms.hr/ml after operation. Any postoperative infections and adverse reactions were not observed in these cases. Therefore, CMZ would be very effective and available for its prophylactic role.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[Clinical significance of a physical activity index based on calorimetry in the assessment of quality of life after total gastrectomy].

In order to characterize the objective diagnostic criteria concerning quality of life (QL) of patients after total gastrectomy, a physical activity index (PAI) or a concept of daily physical activity was developed. Sixty patients of gastric cancer, of whom 38 patients underwent long loop Roux-en-Y gastrojejunostomy (LLRY) procedure after total gastrectomy, 13 patients gastroduodenostomy (Billroth I) and 9 patients gastrojejunostomy (Billroth II) after subtotal gastrectomy, respectively, were evaluated as part of this study. In addition, 3 cases of pancreatoduodenectomy (PD) and 5 cases of total esophagectomy were also evaluated. The evaluation of QL was based upon a clinical assessment and administration of patient questionnaire. The assessment of the PAI was performed by measuring the individual's whole day energy expenditure based upon 24 hour heart rate ratio (24h-HRR) method and the basal metabolic energy expenditure. The daily physical activity was graded into four categories according to the PAI value; light, moderate, moderately heavy and heavy. The results obtained were as follows: The value of the energy expenditure predicted by 24h-HRR method and that based on the results of bicycle ergometry (VO2/HR method) showed close correlation. There was no significant difference in the whole day energy expenditure among four operative procedure groups (Billroth I, Billroth II, LLRY and total esophagectomy). More than 80 per cent of LLRY patients, whose QL was evaluated as "excellent" or "good", showed no less than "moderate" PAI. In addition, one of the four patients whose QL was "fair" was categorized into "light" and the remaining three were "moderate".(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1987

[Clinical studies on cefuroxime axetil in acute mastitis].

Cefuroxime (CXM), with its relatively broad antibacterial spectrum, good stability to beta-lactamases and high safety, has an established place in antibacterial therapy. However, like many other cephalosporins, its clinical application is rather limited due to the need for parenteral delivery. Recent work has led to the development of cefuroxime axetil (CXM-AX, SN407) which is the 1-acetoxyethyl ester of CXM is well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and promptly cleaved to cefuroxime thereafter. CXM-AX, in a dose of 500 mg, was given after meal by oral administration 3 times daily for 5-8 days to 10 lactating outpatients with acute mastitis. Ages of the patients ranged from 26 to 44 years, and body weights ranged from 48.0 to 59.0 kg. Clinical response was assessed as excellent in 2 cases, good in 8 cases and fair or poor in none. No adverse effects were observed. Seven strains of organisms were isolated from 7 cases. They included 5 strains of Staphylococcus aureus and 2 strains of Staphylococcus epidermidis. The MICs of CXM were under 3.13 micrograms/ml with inoculume size of 10(8) and 10(6) cells/ml. In 1 case, CXM concentrations in puruloid milk and in healthy milk were measured by bioassay with Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633 as the test organism. The CXM concentrations in healthy milk ranged from 0.09 to 0.59 microgram/ml (mean: 0.32 +/- 0.25 microgram/ml) at 30 to 90 minutes after oral administration of 500 mg CXM-AX. The CXM concentrations in puruloid milk ranged from 0.57 to 1.05 micrograms/ml (mean: 0.74 +/- 0.27 microgram/ml).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1986

Lentigo maligna melanoma with deep invasion along the mental nerve.

A case of lentigo maligna melanoma on the vermilion of the right lower lip which invaded deeply along the mental nerve is described. The patient also had sensory loss and numbness in the area innervated by the mental nerve, which was the only sign of this rare mode of invasion in this case. Early excision of the lentigo maligna lesion is stressed, and if the patient complains of sensory disturbances in the area of the lesion, this might be a sign of deep invasion of the tumour along the nerve bundle.

Aged↗