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Biomedical subjects

I H Chung

Publications and source records attributed to I H Chung.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

Surgical anatomy of the nasofrontal duct: anatomical and computed tomographic analysis.

OBJECTIVES: Although complete anatomical knowledge of the nasofrontal duct has been of great importance, little is known about it. The aim of this study is to examine the drainage site of the nasofrontal duct and to investigate the anatomical boundaries of the nasofrontal duct according to the drainage site. STUDY DESIGN: One hundred sagittally divided adult head specimens were analyzed by computed tomography and dissection under the surgical microscope. METHODS: Computed tomography scans of 50 adult cadaver heads were taken sagittally at 1-mm intervals and coronally at 3-mm intervals to find the nasofrontal duct. One hundred specimens, made up of sagittally divided adult cadaver heads, were dissected under the microscope to study the structure of the nasofrontal duct. RESULTS: We identified the anterior, posterior, medial, and lateral boundaries of the nasofrontal duct. In the most common type, the superior portion of the uncinate process formed the anterior border and the superior portion of the bulla ethmoidalis formed the posterior border of the nasofrontal duct. The conchal plate formed the medial border and the suprainfundibular plate formed the lateral border of the nasofrontal duct. Other variations are described in detail. CONCLUSIONS: To widen the nasofrontal communication, removing the upper portion of the ground lamella of the ethmoid bulla, which is the posterior boundary of the nasofrontal duct, with cutting forceps seems to be a safe and easy method.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Surgical anatomy of the anterior ethmoidal canal in ethmoid roof.

OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: This study was undertaken to examine three main relationships. First, the distance and angle from the anterior ethmoidal canal to the limen nasi and the sill were measured. Second, the location of the anterior ethmoidal canal was examined in relation to the lamellas and the skull base. Third, the existence of bony defects in the canal and the course of the canal through the anterior cranial fossa were studied. STUDY DESIGN: This study employed both sagittal computed tomography and cadaver dissection. METHODS: Seventy sagittally divided heads from randomly chosen Korean adult cadavers were used. Sagittal computed tomography was performed on all specimens. Then they were meticulously dissected under a surgical microscope. RESULTS: The mean distance and angle between the limen nasi and the anterior ethmoidal canal were 49.0 mm and 54.5 degrees, respectively. The anterior ethmoidal canal was located between the second and third lamella in 61 of 70 cases. In 60 of 70 cases it was attached to the base of the skull, and in the remaining 10 cases it ran 2 to 3 mm below the skull base. When viewed from the superior side, the course of the anterior ethmoidal canal formed a diagonal line from the lateral to the medial side. Partial bony defects of the anterior ethmoidal canal were observed in eight cases, and complete bony defects in none. CONCLUSION: This study provides surgeons with a better understanding of the anatomy of the anterior ethmoidal canal.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Surgical anatomy of the natural ostium of the sphenoid sinus.

OBJECTIVES: This study was undertaken to measure the distance and the angle between the anterior part of nasal cavity and the natural ostium of the sphenoid sinus. The anatomical location of the natural ostium according to the direction of surgeon's operating view toward the anterior wall of the sphenoid sinus was also analyzed. STUDY DESIGN: This study used careful cadaver dissection under a surgical microscope. METHODS: One hundred sagittally sectioned adult cadaveric heads were used. We measured the distances and angles for identifying the natural ostium of the sphenoid sinus using several reference points such as the limen nasi, the sill, and the posteroinferior end of the superior turbinate. In addition, we tried to identify whether the location of the natural ostium is medial or lateral to the posterior end of the superior turbinate. RESULTS: The natural ostium of the sphenoid sinus was located at an angle of 35.9 degrees with a distance of 56.5 mm from limen nasi and at an angle of 34.3 degrees with a distance of 62.7 mm from nasal sill. It was located approximately 1 cm above the posteroinferior end of the superior turbinate and at a medial aspect to the posterior end of the superior turbinate in 83% of specimens. CONCLUSIONS: We speculate that the posteroinferior end of the superior turbinate is the best landmark for identifying the natural ostium of the sphenoid sinus. Furthermore, the natural ostium should ideally be searched from a superior and medial aspect in relation to the posteroinferior end of the superior turbinate.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Anatomical study of the accessory head of the flexor pollicis longus and the anterior interosseous nerve in Asians.

Anterior interosseous nerve palsy is known to occur uncommonly due to the compression of the nerve by the accessory head of flexor pollicis longus (AHFPL). This study was conducted to investigate the prevalence and origin of the AHFPL and the topographical relationship between the AHFPL and the anterior interosseous nerve in Asians. The AHFPL was present in 48 of 72 arms examined (66.7%), a majority of which originated from the coronoid process. The anterior interosseous nerve was observed to arise from both the medial and posterior aspects of the median nerve. The topographical relationship between the anterior interosseous nerve and the AHFPL was classified into three types depending on if the anterior interosseous nerve crossed the muscular part, or the tendinous part of the AHFPL, or coursed lateral to the AHFPL. The case in which the anterior interosseous nerve crossed the muscular part of the AHFPL occurred most frequently in the current study. The types in which the anterior interosseous nerve may be compressed were also discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Fontanelle and uncinate process in the lateral wall of the human nasal cavity.

OBJECTIVES: Although a complete anatomic knowledge of the fontanelle is a prerequisite to perform a surgical antrostomy opening, little is known about the boundary, shape, and size of the fontanelle. The purpose of this paper is to determine the best site for maintaining the patency of a surgical antrostomy opening by defining the anatomic boundaries, shape, and size of the fontanelle as well as its histological structure. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred sagittally divided heads were utilized. Mucosa overlying the lateral nasal wall was carefully removed with an operating microscope under 6x magnification. In some cases, a double mucous membrane, including the posteroinferior portion of the uncinate process, was cut as a whole and embedded in paraffin. The sections were stained with H&E. RESULTS: The boundary of the fontanelle and the location of the natural ostium were described in detail. Eight patterns of the posteroinferior portion of the uncinate process were observed. There were three major fontanelle shapes when observed from the medial aspect to the lateral: triangular, pencil-like, and oval. The triangular type was the most common. The anterior portion of the fontanelle was shorter than the posterior when observed medially and was wider than the posterior portion when observed inferiorly. CONCLUSIONS: The anterior portion of the fontanelle is more prone to stenosis than the posterior portion. An antrostomy in the posterior fontanelle may be more ideal for a middle meatal antrostomy of the maxillary sinus.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Arterial supply of the nasal tip in Asians.

OBJECTIVES: The blood supply to the nasal tip and columella was examined to determine whether it could be damaged as a result of transcolumellar incision during an external rhinoplasty approach in Asians. METHODS: The blood vessels that supply the nasal tip were examined by dissecting 51 cadavers, and their corresponding 102 nasal sections were injected with red latex before dissection. The size and distribution of the vessels were measured with the unaided eye and the primary supply vessels were determined. The subdermal layer in which the vessels lie and the course of the vessels were also investigated. RESULTS: The main blood supply source of the nasal tip proved to be the lateral nasal artery in 78% (80/102) of the cases examined, while the remaining cases (22%) received their blood supply via the dorsal nasal artery. Columellar branches were narrow in diameter and varied in size and appearance, and were therefore appeared insufficient as a main blood supply. These arteries passed through the musculoaponeurotic layer, but they were also in close proximity to the main surgical plane in the dome of the lower lateral cartilage. CONCLUSIONS: The authors speculate that the nasal tip blood supply in Asians is primarily derived from the lateral nasal or dorsal nasal arteries, with a variable contribution from the columella arteries. Therefore, it is important to correctly determine the surgical plane below the musculoaponeurotic layer in order to prevent skin flap necrosis or nasal tip deformity that may occur from damage to the main vessel during an external rhinoplasty approach.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Synthesis and in vitro antibacterial activity of quaternary ammonium cephalosporin derivatives bearing oxazolidinone moiety.

Several oxazolidinones having amine moiety were prepared to form a quaternary ammonium salt with cephalosporin nucleus, and antibacterial activity of the quaternary ammonium cephalosporin derivatives bearing oxazolidinone moiety were examined particularly with expectation of dual activity. However, the cephalosporin-oxazolidinone compounds revealed rather weaker antibacterial activity in vitro than their parent oxazolidinone and cephalosporin without showing any characteristic activity as expected.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1999

Variations in meniscofemoral ligaments at anatomical study and MR imaging.

PURPOSE: To demonstrate variations in the meniscofemoral ligaments (ligaments of Wrisberg and Humphrey) at anatomical study and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. DESIGN: Twenty-eight cadaveric knees were partially dissected for the examination of the meniscofemoral ligaments. One hundred knee MR examinations were reviewed by two experienced musculoskeletal radiologists. Proximal variations in the meniscofemoral ligaments at MR imaging were classified into three types according to the attachment site: type I, medial femoral condyle; type II, proximal half of the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL); type III, distal half of the PCL. Distal variations were classified into vertical or oblique types according to the orientation of the intermediate signal at the interface of the ligament and lateral meniscus. RESULTS: At anatomical study, six cases showed variations in the proximal insertion site of the meniscofemoral ligaments. At MR imaging 93 cases had one or more meniscofemoral ligaments, giving a total of 107 ligaments: 90 ligaments of Wrisberg and 17 ligaments of Humphrey. Forty-one ligaments of Wrisberg were type I, 28 type II, 19 type III, and with two indeterminate type, while 6 ligaments of Humphrey were type I and the remaining 11 were indeterminate. Seven cases showed no meniscofemoral ligament. Of the 107 meniscofemoral ligaments, the distal insertion orientation was of vertical type in 10 ligaments, oblique type in 70 and unidentified in 27. CONCLUSION: An understanding of the high incidence of meniscofemoral ligament variations may help in the interpretation of knee MR studies.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Synthesis of all possible regioisomers of scyllo-inositol phosphate.

scyllo-Inositol is the all equatorial stereoisomer of myo-inositol. All possible 12 regioisomers of scyllo-inositol phosphate were synthesized for the first time via a scyllo-inositol benzoate intermediate, which was derived from a myo-inositol derivative. The stereoinversion of myo-inositol into scyllo-inositol was accomplished by Mitsunobu reaction of the vicinal cis-diol. The requisite intermediates, scyllo-inositol benzoates were obtained by benzoyl migration or random benzoylation, and phosphorylated to give scyllo-IPn.

Inositol↗
PubMed1998

Posterior sinus node artery and accessory atrioventricular node artery arising by a common origin: a case report.

We describe herein a rare and hitherto not reported variation, found in a Japanese male cadaver, in which a posterior sinus node (SN) artery and an accessory atrioventricular node (AN) artery originate from a common trunk branching from the posterior segment of the circumflex artery. After arising in this manner, the posterior SN artery passed in a clockwise direction around the posterior, lateral, and finally anterior wall of the left atrium to the sinus venosus, giving off a branch to the SN from posteriorly. The accessory AN artery coursed in a counterclockwise direction on the posterior wall of the left atrium as far as the crux of the heart, where it bent anterosuperiorly and continued within the interatrial septum. It entered the AN from superiorly and, crossing deep to the principal AN artery, reached the inferior and superficial portion of this node. It could be considered that the accessory AN artery in this study is a modified version of arteries entering and coursing in the interatrial septum, as exemplified by Kugel's anastomotic artery.

Aged↗
PubMed1998

PAC and cosmid contig spanning the HOXA cluster on human chromosome 7p15.

To construct the PAC and cosmid contig map spanning the HOXA cluster on human chromosome 7, we used 9 DNA markers (D7S2243, D7S3010, HOXA1, EVX1, 750, pBH8, p60, p8.0, and HOXA11), among which the final 4 were generated in this study by shotgun cloning strategy. From the libraries, 5 PAC and 35 cosmid clones were screened and as a result, an overlapping continuous array of cosmid and PAC clones covering the genomic region (about 200 kb) spanning the entire cluster were constructed. The isolated cosmids contained several consecutive HOX genes of regional group, probably sharing the regulatory processes such as alternative splicing or polyadenylation, and thus could be used as useful materials for elucidating the molecular mechanism of HOX gene expression in the future.

Bacteriophage P1↗
PubMed1998

Branches of the vagus nerve destined for the heart and the adjoining great vessels in the house shrew, Suncus murinus, with reference to the terminology of the vagal cardiac branches.

In order to help to organize the understanding of the bewildering complexities of the innervation of the mammalian heart by the vagus nerve and to clear up of confusions as regards the vagus cardiac branches, we scrutinized these branches in the adult house shrew, Suncus murinus, under a stereomicroscope. A number of branches were given off from the vagus nerve not only to the heart, but also to the adjoining great vessels, both outflowing and inflowing. When compared from the developmental viewpoint, the basic conformations of these branches on two sides were found not to differ from each other, but rather presented a symmetrical configuration, the feature which has been ascertained also in mammalian embryos. Relying on developmental criteria, we classified them into the arterial porta-related and the venous porta-related groups, formulating a new terminology by naming them on the basis of their destination. This version of terminology allowed us to define the vagus cardiac branches of the house shrew more accurately than the current terminology (e.g., Nomina Anatomica), and seems to provide us a clue for clearing up confusions concerning the terminology of the vagus cardiac branches in mammals.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Anatomy and magnetic resonance imaging of the posterolateral structures of the knee.

The purpose of the present study was to provide detailed information of the morphological and radiological characteristics of the posterolateral structures of the knee. Muscles and ligaments of the posterolateral part of the knee were studied by dissections of 50 adult cadaver knees and by Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) before and after dissections for comparisons. Diverse morphological characteristics of the arcuate ligament were found. The fabellofibular ligament was present in 42.1% of the knees dissected, whereas the popliteofibular ligament was found in 37.5%. A ligamentous structure, which could be called the posterior tibial ligament, was found in 31.6% of the cases that originated from the lateral part of the capsule proximally and inserted distally on the mid portion of the proximal tibia. By comparing the cross sections and the dissections of the cadaver knees, the popliteus muscle, the arcuate ligament, the fibular collateral ligament, the popliteofibular ligament, and the fabellofibular ligament could be identified in MRI. Comprehensive understanding of the posterolateral anatomy of the knee and improved identification of the structures in MRI will help clinicians to make a more accurate and noninvasive diagnosis of posterolateral instability.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Tendinous insertion of semimembranosus muscle into the lateral meniscus.

Forty-two cadaver knees were used for morphologic and MRI observations of the tendinous distal expansions of the semimembranosus m. and the posterior capsular structures of the knee. A tendinous branch of the semimembranosus m. inserting into the posterior horn of the lateral meniscus was found in 43.2% of the knees dissected, besides five already known insertional branches; capsular, direct, anterior and inferior, as well as the oblique popliteal ligament. The tendon had three morphologic types; thin, broad and round. All three types moved the lateral meniscus posteriorly when pulled on. Thus, the semimembranosus m. may also have a protective function for the lateral meniscus as well as the already well established function of protecting the medial meniscus in knee flexion. When a semimembranosus tendon attachment to the posterior horn of the lateral meniscus is present, its normal insertion is difficult to differentiate from a lateral meniscus tear in MRI and this may cause misdiagnosis.

Genetic Variation↗
PubMed1997

Mandibular anatomy related to sagittal split ramus osteotomy in Koreans.

Sagittal split ramus osteotomy (SSRO) is one of the surgical techniques used to correct mandibular deformities. In order to prevent many surgical anatomical problems, we observed the anatomical structures related to SSRO. In dry mandibles of Koreans, lingular tips were located somewhat posteriorly and superiorly on the mandibular ramus. On the coronal sections of mandible, the mean cortical width of facial cortex was increased toward the ramus region while the lingual cortex was thinnest in the ramus region. On the same sections, all the fusion points of the buccal and lingual cortical plate were located above the mandibular lingula and beneath the mandibular notch. So, performing the SSRO on Koreans, medial horizontal osteotomy should be done through the superior aspect of the mandibular lingula. The cut line is extended 5-8 mm posterior to the mandibular lingula to preserve sufficient cortical width to strengthen the involved osseous segments and reduce possible surgical complications.

Anatomy, Artistic↗
PubMed1997

Correlation between the postmortem stature and the dried limb-bone lengths of Korean adult males.

The postmortem stature was measured in 57 Korean adult males (age range: 20-86 years old, mean: 52.3 years old) in supine position. After dissection of the corpses, we measured the maximum length of the remaining limb-bones (humerus, radius, ulna, femur, tibia and fibula). The correlation coefficients between the stature and each limb-bone length were calculated. Simple regression equations for estimating stature from each limb-bone length and multiple regression equations from the combination of limb-bone lengths were also obtained.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Anterior clinoid process and optic strut in Koreans.

The anterior clinoid process and the optic strut are often removed during operation on the anterior part of the cavernous sinus. Therefore it is important for neurosurgeons to verify their dimensions and variations. The purpose of this study was to investigate the dimension and the variation of the anterior clinoid process and to describe the locational variation of the optic strut. Seventy-three skulls of Korean adults were used. The average length, basal width and thickness of the anterior clinoid process were 9.18 +/- 1.55, 9.63 +/- 1.49 and 5.32 +/- 1.07 mm, respectively. The average thickness of the optic strut was 2.9 +/- 1.15 mm and it was commonly attached to anterior two-fifths of the anterior clinoid process. The complete caroticoclinoid canal was observed in 4.1%, however it was incomplete in 11.6%. The incidence of a caroticoclinoid canal in Koreans was relatively low compared with other races.

Adult↗