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Biomedical subjects

I Goldberg

Publications and source records attributed to I Goldberg.

At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Humeral lengthening for septic neonatal growth arrest.

A 9-year-old girl was treated by humeral lengthening for a 8.5 cm deficit caused by a septic arthritis 2 days after birth. A Wagner distraction apparatus was used after an osteotomy was done distal to the deltoid insertion. Six centimeters of length were gained. A second lengthening of about 7.5 cm is planned at the end of the patient's growth. No complications were encountered; by dividing the lengthening into two procedures, none are anticipated. At 1-year follow-up, there was a full range of shoulder, elbow, and hand motion; the humeri were virtually the same length.

Arthritis, Infectious↗
PubMed1989

Betaxolol.

Drugs classified as beta-blockers have proved to be valuable in the treatment of patients with glaucoma. Timolol has become the most widely used ocular hypotensive agent. Actual and potential side effects associated with its non-selective beta-blockade have prevented its use in patients with reactive airways disease, and to a lesser extent, with various cardiovascular conditions. Betaxolol is a relatively selective beta-1 blocker which in most patients is almost as effective as timolol in lowering intraocular pressure, and may be partly additive with dipivefrin. It is probably safer in patients unable to tolerate non-selective beta-blockers. However, it needs to be used with caution in these patients, who are unpredictably susceptible to systemic side effects.

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗
PubMed1988

Locations and contexts of sequences that hybridize to poly(dG-dT).(dC-dA) in mammalian ribosomal DNAs and two X-linked genes.

Sequences located several kilobases both 5' and 3' of the stably transcribed portion of several genes hybridize to radio-labeled pure fragments of the alternating sequence poly (dG-dT) (dC-dA) ["poly(GT)"]. The genes include the ribosomal DNA of mouse, rat, and human, and also human glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) and mouse hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase (HPRT). HPRT has additional hybridizing sequences in introns. Fragments that include the hybridizing sequences and up to 300 bp of adjoining DNA show perfect runs of poly(GT) (greater than 30bp) in all but the human 5' region of rDNA, which shows a somewhat different alternating purine:pyrimidine sequence, poly(GTAT) (36bp). Within 150 bp of these sequences in various instances are found a number of other sequences reported to affect DNA conformation in model systems. Most marked is an enhancement of sequences matching at least 67% to the consensus binding sequence for topoisomerase II. Two to ten-fold less of such sequences were found in other sequenced portions of the nontranscribed spacer or in the transcribed portion of rDNA. The conservation of the locations of tracts of alternating purine:pyrimidine between evolutionarily diverse species is consistent with a possible functional role for these sequences.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Injuries in attempted suicide by jumping from a height.

This study was undertaken to investigate the pattern of injuries and the management of 28 patients who attempted suicide by jumping from a height. Most of the patients had serious psychiatric disorders. All but two of the patients sustained multiple injuries. The most common injury patterns were fractures of the spine and lower extremities. It was concluded that, in addition to urgent orthopaedic and surgical care, early psychiatric assessment and therapy with transfer to a psychiatric department as soon as possible facilitates the recovery and rehabilitation of these patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Couple sex therapy for dysfunctions associated with congenital penile curvature.

Three couples presented to our clinic with congenital ventral curvature of the penis resulting in unconsummated marriage in 2 cases and dyspareunia in 1. Intensive sex therapy was initiated, including use of vaginal dilators for vaginismus and dyspareunia, sex education, sensate focus exercises, and sexual techniques and methods to increase communication. Two highly motivated couples succeeded in having painless, normal, pleasurable sexual relations after short-term sex therapy. The problems of couple 3 were compounded by the wife's admitted lesbianism. However, this patient insisted on corrective surgery for her husband but she divorced him shortly thereafter. This nonsurgical approach for the treatment of sexual dysfunction secondary to penile curvature appears to be effective in selected cases. When corrective surgery is undertaken sex therapy is recommended to reinforce the operative results.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Anastomosis of vessels of unequal diameter using an interpositional vein graft.

In this study, 100 rabbits were used to assess the efficacy of five different methods of microvascular anastomosis where a vessel diameter discrepancy of 5:1 existed. The inferior vena cava of the rabbit was used as a graft in the femoral artery. In 50 percent of the rabbits the graft was reversed to assess the effects on flow. When explored between 7 and 10 days after anastomosis, an overall patency rate of 96 percent was recorded. Three grafts were not patent in the reversed group and one was not patent in the nonreversed group. There was no significant statistical difference in patency rates between any of the groups, as calculated by the Fisher's exact probability test. The tapered end-to-end and side-to-end anastomoses were found to be the most rapid and simplest methods to perform.

Anastomosis, Surgical↗
PubMed1988

Interpretation of the fetal ECG during labor: the effect of uterine contractions.

This study was performed in order to investigate the fetal electrocardiogram (FECG) during uterine contractions associated with normal labor. Twenty-five patients with low risk pregnancy between 38-41 weeks gestation were studied during the active stage of labor. Both FECG and intra-uterine pressure are obtained in a conventional manner and are continually sampled into the computer. The FECG is averaged point-to-point, synchronized to the peak of the R-wave. This is performed by a QRS detection algorithm which is based on a digital analysis of slope, amplitude and width. A digital band-pass filter composed of cascaded high-pass and low-pass filters reduces false detections and permits the use of auto-adjustable low thresholds. A separate averaging is performed on the T-wave in order to prevent attenuation due to variable R-T interval. The T wave is subsequently aligned in time and position to the rest of the QRS complex. A significant increase was observed in the T/QRS amplitude ratio during the first half of the uterine contraction. Such an increase was also observed in the short and long-term FHR variability. No significant changes were observed in the other components of the FECG. In conclusion, by implementing a computer based system it is possible to analyse the FECG during labor. Based on this and previous studies it may well prove to be a sensitive indicator of fetal condition.

Electrocardiography↗
PubMed1987

Polymorphs of tamoxifen citrate: detailed structural characterization of the stable form.

The structure of the stable polymorph of tamoxifen citrate (form B) has been analyzed by single crystal X-ray diffraction [monoclinic, a = 15.998 (4), b = 21.964 (3), c = 8.624 (5) A, beta = 96.28 (3) degrees, space group P2(1)/c]. The results include conformational details of the molecular structure as well as a description of the observed packing arrangement in the solid which is dominated by hydrogen-bonding interactions between the ionic entities. The proton transfer to the nitrogen atom of tamoxifen is from the central carboxyl group of the citric acid. There is a satisfactory correlation between the solid infrared spectrum of the carboxylic functions and the asymmetric environment observed around them in the crystal lattice. Additional results obtained from thermal and spectral analyses suggest that the second polymorph of tamoxifen citrate (form A) represents a metastable form of this compound. The two polymorphs are characterized by their powder diffraction spectra.

Chemical Phenomena↗
PubMed1987

Anatomy and pathology of the sesamoid bones. The hand compared to the foot.

The sesamoid bones were studied in 100 hands and feet in 50 cadavers and in 1000 radiographs of the hands of South Sinai Bedouin children. The sesamoids of the metacarpophalangeal joint of the thumb and metatarsophalangeal joints of the hallux were always present in the dissections and radiographs. Other sesamoids were observed in the radiographs of the metacarpophalangeal joints of the index finger in 50% of the cases, the middle finger in 3%, the ring finger in 1% and the little finger in 70%. Sesamoids were also seen in 62% of the interphalangeal joints of the thumb. There are differences between the hand and the foot in relation to the occurrence of degenerative changes in the joints. In the thumb, the metacarpophalangeal joint is involved macroscopically in 75% of the cases, and only in 13% of the radiographs, with the pathological changes located in one or the other part of the joint. In the hallux, 40% of the cases are involved both macroscopically and in radiographs, but all the parts of the joint are affected.

Child↗
PubMed1987

P NMR Study of Elicitor Treated Phaseolus vulgaris Cell Suspension Cultures.

The addition of an elicitor (glucan) to Phaseolus vulgaris cell suspension cultures increased the formation of the phytoalexin phaseollin. Intracellular pH and phosphate concentrations were studied with (31)P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy on elicitor-treated cells which were aerated during the nuclear magnetic resonance measurement. The pH of the vacuole and to a lesser extent the pH of the cytoplasm were affected at 10 minutes after elicitor addition; a decrease in pH from 5.3 to 4.8 was noted in the vacuole and from 7.46 to 7.28 in the cytoplasm. The ratio between the amount of Pi in the vacuole to that in the cytoplasm also changed within 10 minutes after elicitor addition. The signal for ATP (beta-ATP) was low after elicitor addition and was high again 23 hours after elicitation. Forty-eight hours after elicitor addition, vacuolar and cytoplasmic pH had almost returned to their initial values. The rapid change in vacuolar and cytoplasmic pH may cause the change of metabolism that occurs in elicitor-treated P. vulgaris cells.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1987

Management of uncontrolled glaucoma with the Molteno system.

In glaucomatous eyes refractory to medication, laser techniques and conventional drainage surgery, intraocular pressure is often high, and visual loss rapid. In this situation a reliable, robust artificial outflow system is required. Molteno has evolved a plastic tube and plate device combined with a fibrosis suppression medication regimen. Thirty-eight eyes of 32 patients with uncontrolled glaucoma were treated with the Molteno system. Six months after operation mean intraocular pressure had been reduced from 41.0 +/- 13.6 to 16.2 +/- 5.6 mmHg. Eighteen eyes had pressures of 20 mmHg or less on no hypotensive therapy, 17 on reduced treatment. Three eyes had a pressure of 21 to 35 mmHg on treatment at six months. The 13 aphakic eyes responded as well as 25 phakic eyes. Five eyes with rubeotic glaucoma demonstrated pressures of less than 20 mmHg without therapy, four eyes with traumatic glaucoma required continuing medication with three having pressures below 22 mmHg. Of the seven eyes with uveitic glaucoma, one was lost, two required maintenance therapy; five of six surviving eyes had pressures below 20 mmHg. Fifteen eyes with congenital or juvenile glaucoma achieved pressures below 20 mmHg, three of these with timolol drops, three with timolol and acetazolamide, and nine with no treatment. While seven of seven eyes with refractory primary open-angle glaucoma attained pressures below 20 mmHg, all seven needed continuing mild hypotensive therapy. Eleven eyes underwent a one-stage procedure, while 27 eyes required a two-stage operation. Twenty-eight eyes received fibrosis suppression medication after the second stage, and 24 maintained or improved their preoperative visual acuity. Results have been encouraging: in general the Molteno system is recommended as the second drainage operation in all glaucomatous eyes in which conventional therapy has failed, and as the primary surgical procedure (after laser techniques) in eyes with rubeotic and uveitic glaucoma. Ciliary body destructive procedures should be restricted to control of symptoms in blind eyes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Mechanism of nitrogenase switch-off by oxygen.

Oxygen caused a reversible inhibition (switch-off) of nitrogenase activity in whole cells of four strains of diazotrophs, the facultative anaerobe Klebsiella pneumoniae and three strains of photosynthetic bacteria (Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides f. sp. denitrificans and Rhodopseudomonas capsulata strains AD2 and BK5). In K. pneumoniae 50% inhibition of acetylene reduction was attained at an O2 concentration of 0.37 microM. Cyanide (90 microM), which did not affect acetylene reduction but inhibited whole-cell respiration by 60 to 70%, shifted the O2 concentration that caused 50% inhibition of nitrogenase activity to 2.9 microM. A mutant strain of K. pneumoniae, strain AH11, has a respiration rate that is 65 to 75% higher than that of the wild type, but its nitrogenase activity is similar to wild-type activity. Acetylene reduction by whole cells of this mutant was inhibited 50% by 0.20 microM O2. Inhibition by CN- of 40 to 50% of the O2 uptake in the mutant shifted the O2 concentration that caused 50% inhibition of nitrogenase to 1.58 microM. Thus, when the respiration rates were lower, higher oxygen concentrations were required to inhibit nitrogenase. Reversible inhibition of nitrogenase activity in vivo was caused under anaerobic conditions by other electron acceptors. Addition of 2 mM sulfite to cell suspensions of R. capsulata B10 and R. sphaeroides inhibited nitrogenase activity. Nitrite also inhibited acetylene reduction in whole cells of the photodenitrifier R. sphaeroides but not in R. capsulata B10, which is not capable of enzymatic reduction of NO2-. Lower concentrations of NO2- were required to inhibit the activity in NO3- -grown cells, which have higher activities of nitrite reductase.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Acetylene↗