[Results of physiological and biochemical examinations of the "Voskhod" space crew].
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Adaptation, Physiological↗
Biomedical subjects
I G Popov
Publications and source records attributed to I G Popov.
[Blood amino acids in astronauts before and after a 211-day space flight].
The plasma content of 17 free amino acids of the Commander and Flight-Engineer of Salyut-1-Soyuz-T was examined before flight and on postflight days 1 and 7. The amino acids were measured in an automatic amino acid analyzer Hitachi KLA-3B. Both cosmonauts showed a decrease of most amino acids, particularly essential amino acids. On postflight day 7 the content of most amino acids did not yet return to the preflight level. It can therefore be concluded that the preflight diet should be supplemented with methionine and aspartic acid, and the flight and postflight diets with 7 essential amino acids plus cystine, arginine, proline and aspartic acid.
Amino Acids↗
[Characteristics of the nutritive status of canned meats in emergency "survival" rations].
Variations in the nutrient status of test subjects who for 5 days were given a survival diet made of 400 g canned meat were investigated. The energy expenditures of the test subjects were 3000-3200 kcal/day. The study was performed under moderate climate conditions. Anthropometric and biochemical parameters, as well as nitrogen, amino acid, carbohydrate and mineral metabolism were investigated. It has been demonstrated that the survival diet of the above composition can be used by the flight personnel in a contingency situation under moderate climate conditions, provided that water supply is about 1 1/day. The study has shown sporadic hypoglycemia, intensive ketonemia, heavy salt losses, and early protein deficiency. This should be taken into consideration when arranging rescue operations, rehabilitation nutrition and pilot training. It is understood that adequate preflight nutrition may be of great importance.
Accidents, Aviation↗
[Nutrition of aircraft crew members in emergency situations].
An analysis of the arrangement of contingency nutrition of aircrew members, composition and nutrient value of emergency diets used in the USSR and other countries allows the conclusion that low-caloric (subcaloric) diets are replacing isocaloric diets. When developing contingency kits, emphasis is given to portable kits because onboard kits are often inaccessible. This is to be taken into consideration for further improvement of contigency nutrition. Specific attention is to be given to the methods of providing nutrition, maintaining metabolism and work capacity under the conditions of food and water shortage and, consequently, starvation and dehydration of the body.
Aerospace Medicine↗
[Metabolism and nutritional status in plane crash situations without food reserves or with low-calorie rations].
The comparative study of the metabolism and nutritional status of test subjects who 3-5 days were in a contingency situation with no or low-caloric (300 g chocolate) food available demonstrated the advantage of even this inadequate diet as compared to no food.
Adult↗
[Free amino acid content in the blood plasma of cosmonauts before and after a 175-day flight on Saliut-6].
Measurements of 17 free amino acids were performed before and after the Salyut-6 175-day space flight. At R + 1 both crewmembers showed a reduced concentration of most amino acids as compared to the preflight level. By R + 7 the preflight status was not yet reached. It is recommended to enrich the space diet with the following essential amino acids: preflight--methionine, leucine, isoleucine, phenylalanine, lysine, threonine, cystine, and tyrosine; postflight--lysine, threonine, valine, leucine, isoleucine, phenylalanine, methionine, and cystine.
Amino Acids↗
[Free amino acids in blood plasma during hypokinesia].
The study (in a Hitachi KLA-3B analyzer) of 17 free amino acids in plasma of six healthy men under ambulatory and hypokinetic conditions demonstrated the following trend: by day 15 of clinostatic hypokinesia the content of most amino acids increased and by day 30 decreased, reaching the pretest level of falling below it. These variations in the amino acid concentration are viewed as a consequence of the modified relations between anabolic and catabolic processes induced by adaptation to hypokinesia. It is emphasized that the nutrition pattern was different in the hypokinetic study.
Adolescent↗
[Nutritional status during different regimens of consuming an emergency carbohydrate ration].
Healthy male test subjects were allowed to consume a small-size contingency diet (300 g caramel) during 5 days of survival in a moderate climate in two modes: 1) unifrom intake during 5 days or 2) consumption during the first 3 days and fasting during the remaining 2 days. The first mode proved more advantageous. This conclusion was drawn from evaluations of the general health status, body weight losses, carbohydrate, nitrogen, and mineral metabolism, ECG, and dynamometry.
Body Weight↗
[Preflight nutrition of flight personnel].
The evolution of the concepts of preflight diets of flight personnel in the USSR and in other countries is discussed from the historical point of view. On the basis of the literature and his own data the author describes the main stages in the evolution associated with changes in the physiological-hygienic requirements for the diets and increases in the flight altitude, range and speed. The data on the arrangement of preflight meals, their composition and nutrient parameters are given. Physiological-hygienic requirements for preflight diets of flight personnel are determined in the light of present-day concepts and their further developments are outlined.
Aerospace Medicine↗
[Effect of a 140-day flight on the amino acid content of the blood of cosmonauts].
The results of studying 17 free amino acids in the plasma of the 140-day Salyut-6 crewmembers are presented. The measurements were carried out by means of a Hitachi KLA-3B amino acid analyzer. The data obtained give evidence that the dietary uptake of amino acids before and during flight should be better controlled, the dietary content of amino acids should be enriched with certain amino acids (primarily methionine and cystine) and more adequately balanced. It is recommended to select space diets on an individual basis, taking into consideration anthropometric and metabolic characteristics of cosmonauts.
Amino Acids↗
[Nutritive value of preserved products in tubes for the feeding of pilots and cosmonauts].
The nutritional value of new canned liquid and purée-like foodstuffs in aluminum tubes for aircraft and spacecraft pilots has been determined. The recipes and chemical composition of the food items are described. Particular attention is given to the content of amino acids, fatty acids and minerals. It is shown that canned foodstuffs are inhomogeneous in their chemical composition which is to be taken into consideration when they are used as menu items.
Aerospace Medicine↗
[Characteristics of the amino acid content in the blood of cosmonauts completing an 185-day flight].
This paper presents data on the content of 17 free amino acids in plasma of the crewmembers before and after the Salyut-6 185-day flight. Measurements were performed by an automatic amino acid analyzer. Postflight the content of most amino acids was lower than preflight. It is concluded that, in order to increase the amino acid supply, preflight diets should be supplemented with all amino acids, particularly, methionine, threonine, isoleucine, cystine, arginine, alanine, histidine, and postflight diets with all amino acids.
Amino Acids↗
[Nutrition on flights and its quantitative adequacy to pilot energy expenditure].
The paper discusses certain aspects of nutrition of aircraft crews in prolonged flights. It described meals arrangements in flights of up to 4 hours, physiological-hygienic requirements to flight diets and, on this basis, possible improvement of crew nutrition through a better utilization of meals on the ground. The paper reviews the Soviet and foreign data on pilot energy expenditures and caloric value of diets in flights over 4 hours and, in this context, emphasizes potential development of excessive food intake with symptoms of acute overeating in prolonged flights (8-12 hours). This information should be taken into consideration in order to advance organization and medical monitoring of flight diets.
Adolescent↗
[Dynamics of nutritional status during simulated long airplane flights].
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Aerospace Medicine↗
[Effect of a 48-day flight on the blood amino acid content of the Saliut-5 crew].
The study of the content of 17 amino acids in plasma of the Salyut-5 crewmembers (the first expedition) pre-and postflight demonstrated their time-course changes. This concerns mostly cystine and methionine. It is therefore recommended to improve the cystine and methionine content of space diets and to modify technological procedure of food preservation.
Amino Acids↗
[Metabolic characteristics in nutrition with low-calorie "survival" diets containing only readily assimilated carbohydrates].
On the basis of the study of carbohydrate, mineral, amino acid, nitrogen metabolism, nutritional status and general health condition of test subjects, it is concluded that in the case of emergency landing in an area with a temperate climate the contingency diet consisting of 300 g of readily assimilable disaccharides can be consumed for 5 days.
Accidents, Aviation↗