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Biomedical subjects

I Fukuda

Publications and source records attributed to I Fukuda.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

Decrease of wild-type and precore mutant duck hepatitis B virus replication during lamivudine treatment in white Pekin ducks infected with the viruses.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Lamivudine, an antiviral agent, has been used in the treatment of chronic hepatitis B, but little is known about its effect on intrahepatic replication of hepatitis B virus. We investigated the effect of lamivudine on the replication of wild-type and precore mutant duck hepatitis B virus (DHBV) in the liver and serum of DHBV carrier ducks. METHODS: Chronic carrier ducks with either wild-type or precore mutant DHBV were treated for 2 weeks with either low-dose (20 mg/kg, p.o., b.i.d.) or high-dose lamivudine (100 mg/kg, p.o., b.i.d.) or were untreated. Serum levels of DHBV DNA were examined serially by slot-blot hybridization. A second group of chronic carrier ducks was treated for 12 weeks with lamivudine (100 mg/kg, p.o., b.i.d.) or was untreated. The amount of DHBV DNA in serum and its various replicative intermediates in the liver were serially examined by slot-, Southern, and Northern blot methods. RESULTS: In the 2-week treatment study, concentration of DHBV DNA in serum treated with low- and high-dose lamivudine was reduced to 10.8% and 1.1% of the control level in wild-type DHBV carriers, and to 2.3% and 0.48% in precore mutant DHBV carriers, respectively. In the 12-week treatment study, concentration of DHBV DNA in serum at the end of treatment was reduced to <0.65% and <5.36% in wild-type and precore mutant DHBV carriers, respectively. Southern and Northern blot analyses revealed that the various replicative forms of DHBV DNA in the liver were decreased in all treated ducks, but, covalently closed circular DNA and RNA intermediates tended to remain unchanged. CONCLUSIONS: Our results showed that lamivudine could reduce both wild-type and precore mutant DHBV levels in the liver through inhibition of the reverse transcription step, but complete elimination of the viruses from liver is difficult even by relatively long-term lamivudine monotherapy, suggesting a need for some additional therapy to obtain complete clearance.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Effects of alpha adrenoreceptor antagonists, prazosin and. yohimbine, on intrathecal lidocaine-induced antinociception in mice.

BACKGROUND: The precise mechanisms involved in the spinal analgesic effect of lidocaine are not yet clear. We previously found that lidocaine releases noradrenaline, a modulator of nociception, in rat spinal cord. Here, we attempted to clarify whether or not the noradrenaline release contributes to spinal analgesia by lidocaine. METHODS: The effects of intrathecal injections of the alpha adrenoreceptor antagonists, prazosin (0.01-0.3 nmol) and yohimbine (0.1-3 nmol), on intrathecal 2% lidocaine were assessed using the tail-flick (TF) test in mice. RESULTS: Lidocaine significantly increased the TF latency for 15 min. Prazosin (0.03, 0.1 or 0.3 nmol) and yohimbine (0.3, 1.0 or 3.0 nmol) significantly reduced the lidocaine-induced increase of the TF latency 10 min after injection, although both drugs showed a ceiling effect. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that stimulation of the noradrenergic systems plays an important role in spinal analgesia by lidocaine.

Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists↗
PubMed2000

Molecular analysis of zebrafish photolyase/cryptochrome family: two types of cryptochromes present in zebrafish.

BACKGROUND: Cryptochromes (CRY), members of the DNA photolyase/cryptochrome protein family, regulate the circadian clock in animals and plants. Two types of animal CRYs are known, mammalian CRY and Drosophila CRY. Both CRYs participate in the regulation of circadian rhythm, but they have different light dependencies for their reactions and have different effects on the negative feedback loop which generates a circadian oscillation of gene expression. Mammalian CRYs act as a potent inhibitor of transcriptional activator whose reactions do not depend on light, but Drosophila CRY functions as a light-dependent suppressor of transcriptional inhibitor. RESULTS: We cloned seven zebrafish genes that carry members of the DNA photolyase/cryptochrome protein family; one (6-4)photolyase and six cry genes. A sequence analysis and determination of their in vitro functions showed that these zebrafish cry genes constitute two groups. One has a high sequence similarity to mammalian cry genes and inhibits CLOCK:BMAL1 mediated transcription. The other, which has a higher sequence similarity to the Drosophila cry gene rather than the mammalian cry genes, does not carry transcription inhibitor activity. The expressions of these cry genes oscillate in a circadian manner, but their patterns differ. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that functionally diverse cry genes are present in zebrafish and each gene has different role in the molecular clock.

ARNTL Transcription Factors↗
PubMed2000

The effect on intracuff pressure of various nitrous oxide concentrations used for inflating an endotracheal tube cuff.

UNLABELLED: We sought to determine the optimal concentration of nitrous oxide (N(2)O) for inflating endotracheal tube cuffs, to avoid overinflation and air leaks. Female patients undergoing endotracheal intubation (inner diameter 7.5 mm) during anesthesia with 67% N(2)O were randomly assigned to five groups of 25 subjects each, in which cuffs were inflated with 0% (Air), 30% (N30), 40% (N40), 50% (N50), or 67% (N67) N(2)O. The cuff pressure and the N(2)O concentration in the cuff were measured. In an additional 15 patients (N40-a group), pilot balloons were replaced with metal tubes, and the mouths and noses of the patients were wrapped with tape, to minimize N(2)O efflux into the air. Postoperative sore throats were evaluated in double-blinded interviews. Cuff pressures increased significantly in the Air and N30 groups but decreased in the N67 group. Cuff pressures were <22 mm Hg in the N40 and N50 groups, but the N50 group had air leaks. The N(2)O concentration in the cuff in the N40 group was significantly smaller than that in the N40-a group, suggesting N(2)O rediffusion. The incidence of sore throats (40% in the Air group) was reduced significantly in the N40 and N50 groups. Therefore, 40% N(2)O is optimal for filling the cuff during anesthesia with 67% N(2)O. IMPLICATIONS: Nitrous oxide (N(2)O) diffuses into the cuff, equilibrating at a smaller concentration than the gas mixture with which patients are ventilated. Our data indicate that inflation of the cuff with 40% N(2)O is recommended to prevent both excessive endotracheal cuff pressure and air leaks during anesthesia with 67% N(2)O, reducing postoperative sore throats.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

The relationship between bone turnover and body weight, serum insulin-like growth factor (IGF) I, and serum IGF-binding protein levels in patients with anorexia nervosa.

Malnutrition is one of the risk factors for bone loss in patients with anorexia nervosa (AN). To clarify the effects of nutritional status on bone metabolism, we examined the relationship between serum levels of nutritional indicators [insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I), IGF-binding protein-2 (IGFBP-2), and IGFBP-3] and markers for bone metabolism [serum osteocalcin and urinary excretion of C-terminal telopeptide of collagen type I (CrossLaps)] in 45 AN out-patients, including 8 severely malnourished patients who required hospitalization and iv hyperalimentation (IVH). Compared to healthy subjects, serum IGF-I and IGFBP-3 were lower, whereas IGFBP-2 was higher in out-patients who had a body mass index (BMI) less than 16.5 kg/m2. In these patients, urinary excretion of CrossLaps, a marker of bone resorption, was higher, whereas serum osteocalcin, a marker of bone formation, was lower than those in control subjects. All of these parameters were normal in patients whose BMI ranged from 16.5-18.5 kg/m2. Serum levels of osteocalcin correlated positively with BMI (r = 0.512; P<0.0001), IGF-I (r = 0.558; P<0.0001), and IGFBP-3 (r = 0.369; P<0.001) in AN out-patients. In the 8 severely malnourished AN patients, serum levels of IGF-I and osteocalcin significantly increased 3 and 7 days, respectively, after the start of a 5-week IVH therapy regimen and reached normal levels within 5 weeks, accompanied by still elevated urinary excretion of CrossLaps. The present study demonstrates that an improvement in nutritional status in AN patients during IVH therapy rapidly increases the serum IGF-I levels, followed by a progressive increase in osteocalcin, suggesting immediate start of bone formation. However, increased bone resorption appears to continue for at least 5 weeks.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

[Investigations on the position and safety of Swan-Ganz catheters].

Swan-Ganz catheters (S-G catheter) may cause many complications. We measured floating distance (FD) of catheter tip with balloon inflation or deflation, and distal movement (DM) before and after the operation. FD and DM were significantly altered with 7 Fr. S-G catheters. These results suggest that careful observation is required in order to prevent unpredictable pulmonary artery perforation and infarction during the use of 7 Fr. S-G catheters.

Catheterization, Swan-Ganz↗
PubMed2000

[Total intravenous anesthesia with Diprivan (1% propofol emulsion) using a manual drip-infusion technique].

Continuous intravenous administration of Diprivan (1% propofol emulsion, P) is usually carried out using a syringe-pump or an infusion-pump to adjust the infusion rate. We assessed the accuracy of the infusion dose of P and the serum concentration of propofol by manual controls during anesthesia. Twenty eight patients, anesthetized with oxygen, P and vecuronium in combination with fentanyl and epidural block were randomly assigned to either of the following groups; P was administered using the drip-infusion (the group D, n = 14) or a syringe-pump (the group S; n = 14). In the group D, we used the drip-rate table to calculate the dose of P. We assessed (1) the total infusion volume of P which was calculated from the infusion rate and duration (Vc), and also measured by a calibrated cylinder (Vm) in the group D (n = 14) and group S (n = 14), and (2) the serum propofol concentrations 40 min after infusion of P (6 mg.kg-1.hr-1) were assayed using the HPLC. The Vc was well correlated with the Vm in the group D (r = 0.976) and in the group S (r = 0.974). Mean serum propofol concentrations of the group D and S were 2.50 +/- 0.57 and 2.35 +/- 0.62 micrograms.ml-1, respectively. The results suggest that the drip-infusion technique of P may be substituted safely by the syringe-pump for continuous total intravenous anesthesia.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Bilateral radial arterial T graft and the left thoracotomy approach for second redo coronary artery bypass grafting.

We herein report a case of third coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) using a bilateral radial artery T graft. There were patent grafts on the anterior aspect of the heart other than the occluded left internal thoracic artery to the left anterior descending (LAD) artery. A T shaped bilateral radial artery conduit was anastomosed from the left subclavian artery to the LAD and first diagonal branch through a left thoracotomy approach. Postoperative angiography demonstrated excellent flow of radial artery conduits. Left thoracotomy with the use of a bilateral radial artery T graft is a useful substitute for anterior re-sternotomy entry in redo CABG.

Aged↗
PubMed2000

[Anesthetic management of cesarean section for a patient with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura].

A 39-year-old parturient with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) was scheduled for cesarean section at 37 weeks gestation. ITP, diagnosed during the first pregnancy, recurred during the second pregnancy, and she was treated with high dose gamma-globulin and platelets transfusion to increase her platelets count over 5.0 x 10(4) x microliter-1 before cesarean section. During the operation under general anesthesia with propofol and pentazocin, atonic hemorrhage occurred gradually with increasing blood loss after the parturition. Since administration of oxytocin, ergometrine maleate, and prostaglandin E1 could not improve the uterine contraction, the hysterectomy was performed to control massive bleeding (finally 8200 g). Packed red cells (22 units) and platelets (40 units) were transfused and fresh frozen plasma (28 units) was infused during anesthesia. Management of ITP during pregnancy is important to prevent hemorrhagic complications because of a narrow safety margin of parturient and fetus.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Decreased serum levels of acid-labile subunit in patients with anorexia nervosa.

One of the observations in malnutrition is that serum insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I levels are decreased, and this decrease is associated with an altered profile of IGF binding proteins (IGFBPs). In human circulation, IGFs are mostly present as an approximately 150-kDa ternary protein complex consisting of IGFs, IGFBP-3, and acid-labile subunit (ALS). In the present study, to clarify the effect of nutrition on serum ALS levels, we investigated 33 patients with anorexia nervosa. Serum levels of ALS were measured by RIA. Furthermore, we measured serum IGF-I, IGF-II, IGFBP-2, and IGFBP-3 levels in the patients. From these data, we investigated which was the best predictor of body mass index (BMI) as a nutritional status marker. In the patients with anorexia nervosa, the serum ALS levels ranged from 0.7-16.9, with a mean of 10.6 +/- 0.7 mg/L, and the levels were significantly lower than those of normal subjects (13.8 +/- 0.8 mg/L, P < 0.05). Serum ALS levels positively correlated with BMI (r = 0.41, P < 0.05), and the levels increased during treatment. The serum IGFBP-2 levels in the patients were increased (871 +/- 91 microg/L), and the levels inversely correlated with BMI (r = -0.52, P < 0.01). The serum IGF-I and IGFBP-3 levels were low (152 +/- 14 microg/L and 2.56 +/- 0.12 mg/L, respectively), and the levels positively correlated with BMI (r = 0.46, P < 0.01; and r = 0.39, P < 0.05, respectively). The serum IGFBP-2, IGF-I, and IGFBP-3 levels returned toward normal ranges as BMI in the patients improved during treatment. Serum IGF-II levels did not correlate with BMI (r = 0.24, P = 0.17). Stepwise regression analysis revealed that serum IGFBP-2 was the best marker of BMI among these variables. The present study suggested that ALS was regulated by nutritional status, the same as IGF-I, IGFBP-2 and IGFBP-3; but the serum IGFBP-2 was the best predictor of BMI as nutritional status marker among the parameters in patients with anorexia nervosa.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

[A case of emergency caesarean section as a result of anaphylaxis to latex].

A 32-year-old woman was admitted with a diagnosis of impending premature delivery. In the 37th week of pregnancy, vaginal examination was performed. After ten minutes, vomiting, whole body flushing, and cold sweat appeared suddenly. Because fetal heart rate became 60-70 beats.min-1, emergency caesarean section was scheduled. When she arrived at the operating room, blood pressure was 75/45 and heart rate was 122 beats.min-1. Five minutes later, anesthesia was induced with thiopental and vecuronium, and operation was instituted concomitantly. After the delivery, pentazocine and midazolam were administered. During the operation, premature separation of normally implanted placenta or pressed cord was not observed. Hydrocortisone was administered for circulatory collapse. Gabexate mesilate was administered for the prevention of DIC. The scratch test, performed ten days later, revealed that latex was positive but lidocaine was negative. Therefore, it was concluded that anaphylaxis induced by latex gloves caused shock after internal examination.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

[Strategies for preventing stroke after coronary artery bypass grafting].

UNLABELLED: To evaluate the usefulness of our strategy for preventing stroke after CABG, 343 consecutive patients were investigated retrospectively. Patient ages ranged from 32 to 31 years (mean; 63 +/- 9 years). There were 254 males and 59 females. Number of grafts per patient was 1 to 5 (mean 2.4 +/- 0.9 grafts). In 193 patients, internal carotid arteries (ICAs) were preoperatively evaluated by duplex scanning or cerebral angiogram. The degree of atherosclerosis in the ascending aorta was preoperatively examined by plain computed tomography in 181 patients, during surgery by ultrasonography in 75 patients and palpation in all patients. RESULTS: 1. On preoperative examination, there were 26 patients (15.1%) with ICA stenosis greater than 50% and 15 patients (7.8%) with stenosis greater than 75%. Six patients had bilateral ICA stenosis or occlusion greater than 75%. In 26 patients with ICA stenosis greater than 50%, history of stroke was significantly more prevalent than that in 167 patients without ICA stenosis (12 patients: 46.2% vs 22 patients: 13.1%, p < 0.001). In patients with ICA stenosis greater than 75%, 6 patients were symptomatic and 8 were asymptomatic. For these patients, concomitant carotid endarterectomy and CABG were performed in 5, two stage procedures in 7 reconstruction of cerebral perfusion followed by CABG;4, followed by CEA: 3), and CABG alone in 3. There was no stroke in any of these patients. 2. Atherosclerosis of the ascending aorta was found in 69 of 343 patients (20.1%). In these patients, single clamp technique was applied in 50 patients, aortic no touch technique in 12 and CABG without cardiopulmonary bypass in one. The arterial cannulation site was changed to femoral artery in 15 and to axillary artery in 6 patients. Statistical analysis indicated that age (older than 60 years) and history of stroke were significant risk factors for atherosclerotic ascending aorta. 3. There were 3 patients (0.9%) with perioperative stroke caused by embolism from the ascending aorta in one and hypoperfusion of the brain during cardiopulmonary bypass in two. CONCLUSION: Proper treatment of atherosclerotic ascending aorta and carotid occlusion may reduce the incidence of stroke in CABG patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

[Aprotinin and recombinant human erythropoietin reduce the need for homologous blood transfusion in cardiac surgery].

The effects of low dose aprotinin (Trasylol) and preoperative administration of recombinant human erythropoietin (EPO) were evaluated in 144 patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass divided into four groups. Group I (n = 43) received a subcutaneous administration of EPO (18,000 U) one week before operation and intraoperative administration of low-dose aprotinin (mean; 1.38 +/- 0.26 x 10(6) kallikrein inactivator units; KIU) from extracorporeal circulation, group II (n = 39) received only preoperative administration of EPO, group III (n = 28) received only intraoperative administration of low-dose aprotinin (mean; 1.46 +/- 0.25 x 10(6) KIU), and group IV (n = 34) were not administered either drug. Compared with group IV, the intraoperative blood loss was significantly lower in group I (p < 0.01), and in group II or III (p < 0.05). The postoperative drainage in 24 hours was significantly lower in groups I and III receiving aprotinin than in the other groups. The mean volume of total homologous blood transfusion and the percentage of cases not requiring a homologous blood transfusion in each group was, respectively, 74 +/- 235 ml and 88.4% in group I, 282 +/- 1289 ml and 87.2% in group II, 414 +/- 584 ml and 60.7% in group III, and 976 +/- 1931 ml and 44.1% in group IV. Significant differences were recognized between group I and group IV (p < 0.05). These findings indicate that when used in combination, both drugs reduce blood loss and the need for a homologous blood transfusion more effectively than either drug alone.

Aged↗
PubMed1998

Changes in serum insulin-like growth factor binding protein-2, -3, and -6 levels in patients with chronic renal failure following renal transplantation.

The pathophysiological roles of insulin-like growth factor binding protein (IGFBP)-6 have not been elucidated. Recently, we measured serum IGFBP-6 by Western immunoblot (WIB) and have found that serum IGFBP-6 levels increased in patients with chronic renal failure (CRF). In the present study, serum IGFBP-6 levels were measured in 10 patients with CRF before and 1, 7 and 14 days after renal transplantation to investigate further clinical significance and regulation of serum IGFBP-6. IGFBP-2 and -3 levels, usually elevated in patients with CRF, were also measured after renal transplantation. Serum IGFBP-2 and -6 levels from patients with CRF by Western immunoblot increased to 230+/-90% (mean +/- SD), and 400+/-110% of the reference serum, respectively, and these levels did not change after hemodialysis. Serum IGFBP-6 levels decreased to 47+/-20% of the basal level 1 day after renal transplantation, and the IGFBP-6 levels in two patients whose renal function worsened again due to rejection increased to more than 60% of the basal levels on the 14th day. In contrast to IGFBP-6, serum IGFBP-2 levels did not decrease during the 14 days after renal transplantation in all patients. Serum IGFBP-3 levels were significantly higher in CRF than normal sera (5.5+/-1.2 vs 3.7+/-0.5 microg/ml, P < 0.01), and the levels decreased to the normal range (2.7+/-1.0 microg/ml) within 1 day after the transplantation, whereas the levels increased again in one of two patients with poorly-functioning graft. In addition, we demonstrated IGFBP-6 in urine from normal adults. These results indicate that IGFBP-6 might be excreted by the kidneys and serum IGFBP-3 and -6 levels might be related with renal function, and that the regulation of serum IGFBP-2 levels differs from those of IGFBP-3 and -6.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Influence of smoking on serum carcinoembryonic antigen levels in subjects who underwent multiphasic health testing and services.

We quantified the effect of smoking on serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels in 1341 subjects who underwent the multiphasic health testing and services in our center. Four hundred and sixty seven of them were smokers and the rest were nonsmokers. In males subjects, serum CEA levels were significantly higher in smokers (3.11 +/- 1.8 ng/ml) than in nonsmokers (2.14 +/- 1.8 ng/ml) (mean +/- SD; p < 0.01). For females, however, the levels had no significant differences between smokers (2.11 +/- 0.91 ng/ml) and nonsmokers (1.87 +2- 1.3 ng/ml). The CEA-positive subjects were 44, of whom 32 were male custom heavy smokers, and only 2 of them had gastrointestinal cancer. We concluded that the serum CEA level was influenced by smoking especially in males and its clinical significance for detection of carcinoma was doubtful.

Carcinoembryonic Antigen↗