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Biomedical subjects

I Fagioli

Publications and source records attributed to I Fagioli.

51 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Sinus pauses in early human malnutrition during waking and sleeping.

7 malnourished infants were studied before and after nutritional rehabilitation through long term polygraphic recordings during waking and sleeping. High amounts of sinus pauses (R-R interval comprised between 20 and 90% of the preceding interval) have been found in malnourished infants, mainly during quiet sleep. After the nutritional rehabilitation there is a dramatic reduction. The high amount of sinus pauses in infants suffering from severe malnutrition may reflect a disturbance of neurovegetative regulation, which is enhanced by sleep.

Arrhythmia, Sinus↗
PubMed1983

Associative relationships between pre-sleep sentence stimuli and reports of mental sleep experience.

The aim of this experiment was to study some linguistic relationships between pre-sleep verbal stimuli and contents of reports of mental experience during sleep. In 4 weekly sessions 16 subjects listened before sleep to a sentence stimulus, which was either semantically acceptable (SEM+) or not (SEM-), and were told to retain it for a recall test after awakening; they were awakened once each night during NREM or REM sleep and asked to report their mental experience during sleep. The relationships between the stimulus and the contents of the reports were classified using Clark's (1970) associative rules. Both pre-sleep sentence stimuli were frequently incorporated into contents of NREM and REM reports, without significant differences between the two types of sleep. The SEM+ sentence led prevalently to incorporations through paradigmatic associative relationships, while the SEM- sentence led to incorporations through both paradigmatic and syntagmatic relationships. It appears that all the features of the lexical constituents of the stimulus may be involved in the processing leading to incorporation.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Developmental trend of quiet sleep is altered by early human malnutrition and recovered by nutritional rehabilitation.

Thirteen infants malnourished from birth have been recorded with polygraphic techniques continuously for 24 h. The developmental trend of Quiet Sleep was found to be altered; infants older than 4 months had a diminution of Quiet Sleep with shorter phases. Ambiguous Sleep was increased. These findings reflect the effects of malnutrition on central nervous system development and could have implications for growth and for anabolic processes. Nutritional rehabilitation performed through an intracave catheter led to an increase of Quiet Sleep and to a decrease of Ambiguous Sleep.

Child Development↗
PubMed1982

Sleep states development in the first year of life assessed through 24-h recordings.

Sleep measures have been evaluated in 13 normal infants aged between 2 weeks and 11 months 3 weeks, with 24 h polygraphic records. Values over the whole 24 h period show that quiet sleep (QS) increases with age while paradoxical sleep (PS) and ambiguous sleep (AmbS) decrease; however, when the 24 h period is split into two periods (day-time, night-time) it can be seen that QS increases only during the night-time while PS and AmbS decrease only during the day-time. The QS in older subjects becomes mainly located at the beginning of the night-time period, when particularly long phases take place. The distribution during the night-time of PS (in terms of the amount and of the mean duration of the phases) does not change with age.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1982

[Temporal organization of sleep cycles in infants over 24-hour periods].

11 infants aged between 2 weeks and 6 months were continuously recorded for 24 h using polygraphic techniques. The duration of the sleep cycles and the proportion of quiet sleep and of paradoxical sleep within each cycle have been evaluated as a function of age and time during the nychthemeron. The duration of the cycles during the day-time in the older infants is shorter than the duration of the cycles during the night-time and the duration of both day-time and night-time cycles in the young infants. No differences at any age have been found among different parts of the night-time recording. The proportion of quiet sleep and paradoxical sleep within the cycle is different as a function of age but not as a function of duration of the cycle. Age does not affect the QS/PS proportion and the duration of the cycle in the same way.

Child Development↗
PubMed1982

Sleep related growth hormone and prolactin secretion in children during constant rate enteral nutrition.

The aim of this study was to investigate the nocturnal secretion of growth hormone and prolactin in a particular model where nutrients are delivered continuously. Six children with severe intestinal diseases undergoing total constant rate enteral nutrition for 1.5 to 8 months have been studied; all children had a normal nutritional status at the time of the recording. Sleep patterns were studied by the usual polygraphic methods from 10 p.m. to 8 a.m. Blood samples were taken every 20 min through an indwelling catheter for growth hormone and prolactin plasma level determination. Several growth hormone peaks were observed with a peak always secreted in connection with stage III-IV of the first cycle. This early peak was significantly higher than the following ones. Nocturnal patterns of prolactin secretion showed individual differences characterized by a series of episodic releases which consisted of a few long rises (4 patients) and several small fluctuations; no correlation was found with the sleep patterns; no increase in the level throughout the night was observed. Loss of the rhythmicity of alimentation does not alter the secretion of growth hormone during sleep.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Weight changes and sleep organisation in infants.

We have studied the relationship between weight changes and polygraphically recorded sleep, during a 24 hour period, of 26 infants aged between 2 and 11 months. Weight changes (in percentage within a period of 24 h) have been found to be correlated with the following sleep parameters: total amount of ambiguous sleep, percentage of time spent in cycle of the total sleep time, mean length of the cycles. We speculate that this relationship could be important when weight variations do not proceed as expected only on the basis of the clinical conditions and the caloric intake.

Body Weight↗
PubMed1981

[Sleep onset in infants under continuous feeding from birth: 24 hour recordings (author's transl)].

The distribution in the 24 h period and the electrophysiological patterns of sleep onset have been studied in 18 infants fed continuously from birth to the age of between 1 month 2 weeks and 8 months 2 weeks. Continuous feeding modified neither the number nor the distribution of sleep onsets in the 24 h period. However, some differences with a control group did occur. The number of quiet sleep onsets in younger infants and of paradoxical sleep onsets in older infants were increased in continuously fed infants. In addition, the pattern of sleep onset in continuously fed infants bore no relation to the duration of the waking period preceding it, in contrast to the control group.

Circadian Rhythm↗
PubMed1981

[EEG sleep activity in a phenylketonuric child of the 'new variant' type, before and after treatment with 5-HTP and L-DOPA (author's transl)].

The EEG during the sleep of a 'new variant' (having a dihyropteridine reductase deficiency) phenylketonuric child, aged 11 months, has been studied under low phenylalanine and following a substitute treatment with 5-HTP and L-DOPA. Prior to treatment, a paroxystic type of activity composed of spikes and/or polyspikes associated with sharp theta waves was chiefly observed during paradoxical sleep (PS). After a 10 day treatment with 5-HTP and L-DOPA, the EEG was not modified. However, after 6 months of this therapy, the paroxysms disappeared as well as the spindles; the quiet sleep trace was disorganized. The EEG modifications observed could be due to an evolution of the illness, if the substitute treatment was begun too late to go into effect.

Electroencephalography↗
PubMed1980

Sleep patterns in infants under continuous feeding from birth.

Continuous parenteral or enteral feeding of infants with major gastrointestinal problems (prolonged diarrhoeas, inflammatory digestive illnesses, anatomical anomalies necessitating surgical intervention, etc.) brings about a prolonged modification in nutritional and environmental conditions. The consequence of eliminating the feeding rhythms of the waking-sleeping rhythm in 16 infants between 1 and 8 months old were studied. In most of the infants the duration of sleep was close to that given by Kleitman in normals. Slightly decreased in 4 of the infants, these durations never showed significant differences from normative values. No delay was observed in the maturation of sleep patterns. The percentage and mean length of periods of quiet sleep were practically identical for all infants but a number of them showed large amounts of ambiguous sleep. The fact that none of these values evolved with age should be stressed. Paradoxical sleep periodicity was similar to that of normal infants, while the quiet sleep-paradoxical sleep cycles were shorter. In conclusion, the absence of feeding rhythms appeared not to modify greatly the sleep maturation and organization.

Cerebral Cortex↗
PubMed1979

[Continuous feeding and the waking-sleeping rhythm in children].

Twelve children aged 1 to 8 months with severe intestinal disorders that had necessitated treatment from birth with continuous parenteral and/or enteral nutrition were recorded for 24 hours. The analysis of the EEG, their behaviour and their activity showed that the distribution of sleep and movement during the night was similar to that of normal babies fed on demand. The total duration of sleep and the longest sustained sleep were slightly reduced. The authors think that the suppression of feeding rhythms do not alter the pattern of waking and sleeping.

Electroencephalography↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Sleep for development or development for waking?--some speculations from a human perspective.

The issue of the relationship between sleep and development could be posed in the following terms: (1) does sleep have a function for development? and (2) which is the specificity of sleep function during development? Is it possible to assess critical ages of emergence and decline of specific sleep functions? The results of recent investigations related to the so-called ontogenetic hypothesis for the function of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep will be reviewed; suggestions are put forward concerning the possible role of non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep. Because of the difficulties to provoke long-lasting sleep deprivation in humans during development, two different approaches were used. The results of one set of analyses concerned the secretion of growth hormone during sleep under normal and pathological conditions and the relationship between sleep organization and nutritional supply utilisation in infants and children. The second approach aimed at investigating the long-term development of children suffering from sleep abnormalities at earlier ages. Furthermore, the role of dreaming during development will be discussed. The data summarized here only partly support the function of sleep during development; we would like to underscore the difficulty to dissociate the function of sleep from that of waking.

Child↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Phasic suppression of muscle tonus during sleep in the course of development (author's transl)].

A study of phasic suppressions of tonus in 172 sleep recordings of healthy subjects aged from 3 days to 25 years demonstrated that phasic suppressions of tonus may occur from 3 days of age, and that the time when they appear to related neither to the presence of E.E.G. transients nor to the imminence of the onset of paradoxical sleep. the number of sleep recordings showing phasic suppression is very low in youngest infants and increases after the 6th month. The number of phasic suppressions per 100 min. of slow sleep with tonus is fairly stable after 6 years of age, whereas there is an extreme inter-individual variability between 2 and 6 years. These data are interpreted in relation to maturation and development.

Adolescent↗