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I Elmadfa

Publications and source records attributed to I Elmadfa.

88 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

[Effect of linoleic acid administration on plasma- and liver lipids. Determination of linoleic acid requirements].

In order to estimate the linoleic acid requirement of the rat, four groups of weanling male Wistar-Rats, 18 animals each, were fed isoenergetic semi-synthetic diets containing 14 cal% fat. The linoleic acid content (as linoleic acid methyl ester) amounted to 0; 0.5; 1.3 and 4.0% of total energy intake. The experiment lasted 14 weeks. The parameters analysed were the concentrations of total lipids (TL), free cholesterol (Ch), cholesterol esters (ChE), triglycerides (TG) and phospholipids (PL) in plasma and liver. - Clinical signs of linoleic acid deficiency were only found in the rats fed the linoleic acid free diet. With 0.5 cal% linoleic acid in the diet no deficiency symptoms were observed. - In plasma of the linoleic acid deficient animals the concentrations of TL, Ch, ChE and TG were decreased. Plasma PL contents were insignificantly altered. - While the contents of TL, TG and ChE in the liver of the deficient rats increased significantly, those of PL and Ch were hardly affected. The results show that a linoleic acid supply of 0.5 cal% prevents nearly all alterations of plasma and liver lipid concentrations noticed in linoleic acid deficiency. The effect of this dose was as good as that of 1.3 cal% linoleic acid. Therefore we assume that the minimum requirement of male young rats for linoleic acid is markedly less than 1,3% of total energy intake.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Composition and protein quality of Lupinus mutabilis.

The chemical composition and the protein quality of three samples of Lupinus mutabilis (a raw, semi-sweet variety; cooked, water-extracted seeds; and alcohol-extracted oil cake) were studied. The protein content varied from 47.7% dry weight (raw seeds) to 65.3% (oil-cake). Compared to the FAO reference pattern sulfur- containing amino acids are first limiting. The water-extracted sample contained 26.9% oil and the polyunsaturated/saturated fatty acid ratio of 30 seed samples was 5.3. Alkaloid content of raw seed was high (3.3%), but could be reduced or nearly eliminated by water-and-alcohol extraction or plant breeding. Other anti-nutritive substances were present only in trace quantities. Protein quality measured as protein efficiency ratio (PER) gave low values for the non-supplemented lupin proteins (1.34 semi-sweet variety; 1.53 water-extracted seeds; 1.19 oil-cake; 3.09 casein), but the PER's were improved by the addition of 0.2% DL-methionine to the diets (3.05, 2.69, 2,81, respectively). Raw as well as processed lupin protein showed an excellent apparent digestibility (80.0-85.8%, casein 87.1%). Studies of net protein utilization (NPU) and biological value (BV) confirmed the importance of methionine supplementation, The true digestibility of 92% was equivalent to that of casein.

Alkaloids↗
PubMed1981

[How large is the tocopherol accumulation capacity of organs? Long term trials with various high oral alpha-tocopherol doses administered to rats and guinea pigs].

Accumulation of Tocopherol in Various Organs. 1. The influence of different doses of vitamin E on the absorption and accumulation of tocopherol in blood and various organs was studied in long time feeding experiments with male guinea pigs (Pirbright White W 58) and male Sprague Dawley rats. The experiment with guinea pigs lasted 32 weeks, that with rats 46 weeks. Three groups of 20 animals of each species were fed semisynthetic diets containing 0.003 g (Gr. I = control), 0.203 g (Gr. II) and 1.009 g (Gr. III) D, L-alpha-tocopherol acetate per 100 g diet. The ratio of tocopherol contents in the diets was 1:100:500. 2. The tocopherol excretion in the faeces increased significantly according to the vitamin E intake; the absorption rate of tocopherol behaves inversely proportional to the level of supply. 3. The tocopherol concentration in blood serum, liver, heart and adrenals of animals of the Groups II and III increased significantly in comparison with the control animals. The tocopherol accumulation in blood and the analysed organs depends on species and is organ specific: Organs of rats of the control group contain higher levels of alpha-tocopherol compared with those of the corresponding group of guinea pigs. According to the relative accumulation capacity of the organs for vitamin E (I:II:III) following sequences can be considered: Guinea pigs: adrenals and heart, liver, blood; rats: liver, heart, blood, adrenals. 4. The tocopherol accumulating organs are of limited capacity. The ratio of the tocopherol intake (1:100:500) could not be found in any of the analysed organs.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1980

[Effect of vitamin E and protein quality on the hemolytic effect of Trigonella sapogenins in rats].

The influence of vitamin E (9, 90, 450 mg dl-alpha-tocopherol acetate/100 g diet), protein quality and temperature (70 degrees C for 10 min) on the sapogenin-induced hemolysis was studied in rats fed with diets containing different amounts of fenugreek-seed seedflour. Significant increased hemolysis rates were found in rats on diets with the following protein components: 1/3 Trigonella + 2/3 Cornflour (69.7 +/- 11.6% hemolysis), 100% Trigonella (21.0 +/- 8.6% hemolysis), 1/3 Trigonella + 2/3 Casein (14.1 +/- 10.7% hemolysis). The diets of these groups of animals contained raw Trigonella seeds and 9 mg vitamin E/100 g diet, which covers the requirements of rats on this vitamin. With this tocopherol supplement the applied heat treatment had no influence on the sapogenin effects on the erythrocytes. In the groups with the 10th fold and 50th fold of the vitamin E supplementation no significant hemolysis rate was observed. From these results we conclude that when fenugreek seeds are to be used in animal nutrition, a qualitative good protein supply as well as a sufficient intake of vitamin E should be considered in order to compensate the hemolytic effect of Trigonella sapogenins.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

[Influence of date seed flour and cellulose on growth, food utilization and parameters of fat metabolism of growing and adult rats].

In experiments with growing and adult Wistar-rats, the influence of date-seed flour on growth, food intake/utilization and lipid metabolism was studied. Cellulose powder was used as control substance. Unlike cellulose the date-seed flour increased the food intake and the gained body weights of the animals. The food utilization impaired after supplying both date-seed flour and cellulose. Date-seed flour as source of crude fibers in the diet caused a higher increase of weight and volume of the faeces than equivalent amounts of cellulose. Cellulose fed animals showed a higher crude fiber content of the faeces. The crude fiber of date seeds is supposed to consist of compounds more easily digested than cellulose such as hemicelluloses. Date-seed flour led to a significant increase of serum total lipids and serum cholesterol of growing rats. In the liver of adult rats the neutral fats and total lipids were increased too. A clear fatty infiltration in the liver of growing rats was detected. Cellulose did not significantly influence the lipid metabolism of both growing and adult rats. There must be a certain compound in the date seeds causing this lipid anabolic effect, which is not compensated by their relatively high crude fiber-content.

Aging↗
PubMed1976

[A reducing diet with a high proportion of bread].

10 female and 10 male moderately obese persons, pursuing their usual activities, received a reduction diet for 4 weeks, in which 46% of the calories were supplied by rye bread. In percent of calories the diet consisted of 60% carbohydrates, 20% fat and 20% protein. The total intake of calories corresponded to 60% of the caloric requirement. Weight losses ranged from 1.8 to 10.7 kg; the mean was 6.0 kg. Serum cholesterol values tended to decrease by 15% on the average, triglyceride values decreased by 38%. All subjects declared to be satiated during the entire 4 week period. No significant differences between the influence of crumb and crust on weight reduction could be observed.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Persistent erection (priapism) for months with concomitant infertility in rats due to protein-energy-malnutrition.

Male Sprague Dawley rats were fed ad lib. semi-synthetic diets, containing 9% casein-protein (I) or 9% bread crust-protein (II), and the control diet in restricted amounts (III), respectively. After 6 weeks persistent erections were observed in groups II and III. 93% of the crust-fed animals and 67% of the pair-fed-group developed priapism within 22 weeks. All persistent erections disappeared after an ad lib. casein-refeeding period.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Effect of various combinations of DL-alpha-tocopherol and acetylsalicylic acid on adjuvant arthritis in the rat].

The influence of per os application of different combinations of DL-alpha-tocopherol (TOC) and acetylsalicylic acid (ASS) on adjuvant-induced arthritis was tested in male Wistar rats (body weight 227 +/- 18 g; 8 groups, n = 8). One group (control) was without adjuvans arthritis and received no treatment, another group was also not treated in spite of adjuvans arthritis. Further, six groups of adjuvans arthritis were treated with the following combinations: ASS/TOC (mg/kg BW/d each) 250/-, 250/250, 167/250, 83/250, 167/167 and 167/83. During the course of the experiment (21 d), body weights, food intake, and the swelling of injected and noninjected paws, and (at the end of the test period) relative weight of spleen and the albumin-globulin-ratio in plasma were recorded. With the ASS/TOC combination of 250 mg/kg BW each, the highest antiinflammatory effect could be reached, as compared with all treated groups. The reduction of acetylsalicylic acid does by one-third to 167 mg/kg BW in combination with 250 mg DL-alpha-tocopherol/kg BW seem to have the same antiphlogistic effect as acetylsalicylic acid alone at 250 mg/kg BW. This positive effect could be confirmed by the partially normalized relative spleen weight and albumin-globulin-ratio. The results allow the conclusion: --main antiphologistic effect of the combination is due to acetylsalicylic acid; --when combined with 250 mg DL-alpha-tocopherol/kg BW acetylsalicylic acid dosage can be reduced by one-third to 167 mg/kg BW and still have the same effect as ASS alone (250 mg/kg BW); --further reductions of ASS and/or DL-alpha-tocopherol dosage minimize the antiinflammatory effect.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Significance of vitamin E in aging].

In order to understand and investigate the phenomenon of aging and its related characteristics various hypotheses have been put forward. Among these the free radical hypothesis is the best known and the most often discussed. Considering the biological function of vitamin E as an important preventive factor, for lipid peroxidation, and on the basis of existing parallelisms between some characteristics of aging and different symptoms of tocopherol deficiency, a possible influence of this vitamin on the aging process was postulated. Many authors showed that high doses of vitamin E decrease synthesis and accumulation of aging-accompanied lipofuscin pigments. Nevertheless, no reasonable additional influence of such vitamin dosage is known for the aging process, especially on the elongation of the maximal life span in mammals. While high tocopherol concentrations inhibit the aggregation of thrombocytes induced in vitro, under in vivo conditions the supposed benefit of therapeutic use of vitamin E to diminish the high platelet aggregation rate noticed in patients with cardiovascular diseases is still not confirmed. Investigations of the vitamin E status in the elderly showed that the plasma tocopherol concentration is increased age-dependent. Considering this parameter the vitamin E status of healthy persons examined (n = 41; age 62-98 years of both sexes) was satisfactory.

Aging↗