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Biomedical subjects

I D Mandel

Publications and source records attributed to I D Mandel.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

Studies of secretory IgA in caries-resistant and caries-susceptible adults.

Caries resistant subjects appeared to possess a greater potential for production of secretory IgA than caries susceptible subjects, at least in stimulated parotid and submaxillary secretions. There was considerable overlap, however, among subjects in all groups examined. There are no consistent differences in s-IgA among groups in unstimulated parotid and submaxillary saliva. It would appear, therefore, that s-IgA secretion per se is not a critical determinant of caries resistance. The tendency to higher s-IgA values among resistant people, however, may indicate a greater propensity to specific antibody production. This aspect of caries protection requires independent investigation.

Circadian Rhythm↗
PubMed1978

Salivary immunoglobulins in diseases affecting salivary glands.

Inflammatory disorders of the salivary glands cause marked abnormalities in secretion of immunoglobulins. The changes are reversible, however, in a relatively short period of time. More subtle changes in immunoglobulin transport are present in such diseases as Sjogren's syndrome and diabetes. No changes are discernable in alcoholic cirrhosis. Apparently salivary gland basement membranes are much more resistant to derangement than plasma membranes and the secretory IgA system can continue to operate in the face of numerous affronts. If nothing else these findings suggest that vaccination procedures in the region of the salivary glands may produce an inflammatory response, but it would be readily reversible. In addition, one could anticipate a functioning s-IgA system even in salivary glands with alterations in electrolyte transport. It is difficult to anticipate the situation in immunologically compromised patients, such as those on hemodialysis. Fortunately these patients represent a small population and for them at least, caries is a relatively minor concern.

Albumins↗
PubMed1978

Alterations in lactoferrin in salivary gland disease.

During the active phase of chronic recurrent parotitis there is a marked elevation in the parotid concentration of lactoferrin (Lf), and iron-binding glycoprotein with antibacterial properties. The Lf concentration decreases during the recovery period, but still remains above normal levels. The changes of Lf in parotitis parallel recent findings in mastitis and pancreatitis. Elevations in Lf were also noted in five of six subjects with Sjögren's disease, but not in subjects with sarcoidosis, diabetes or "dry mouth" without sialographic changes. The source of the Lf has not been determined; it could arise in part from disrupting polymorphonuclear leucocytes and in part from epithelial cells that synthesize Lf in the salivary glands. Inflammatory stimulation of Lf synthesis would suggest a basic protective mechanism in exocrine glands and should be fully explored.

Albumins↗
PubMed1976

Sialochemistry in Sjögren's syndrome.

The value of sialochemistry in the study of Sjögren's syndrome was explored by comparative examination of a spectrum of parotid components in twelve subjects with a positive diagnosis of the disease and twelve control subjects with normal gland function. The subjects with Sjögren's syndrome all exhibited a marked reduction in flow rate and phosphate concentration and a marked elevation in sodium and chloride concentration. The concentration of IgA was somewhat elevated (commensurate with reduced flow rate); the levels of IgG, IgM, and albumin were normal. The major functional abnormality in the parotid gland in Sjögren's syndrome appears to be luminal transport in the ductal region; leakage of serum components is minimal. Sialochemistry can be helpful in differentiating Sjögren's disease from other diseases of the salivary gland and in assessing degree of pathologic change.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Salivary studies in alcoholic cirrhosis.

Eighteen patients with alcoholic cirrhosis were examined, and parotid saliva was collected. Enlargements of the parotid glands were seen in eleven of the eighteen patients (61%). This percentage is in accord with the data previously reported. The salivary findings of increased flow rate, protein, and amylase levels indicate that hypertrophy and increased acinar function may be a component of the parotid enlargement and that, furthermore, a fatty replacement of functional gland tissue is probably not involved. In addition, the salivary electrolyte changes found, increased potassium with effectively decreased sodium excretion, suggest that the elevated aldosterone level commonly found in cirrhotic patients affects salivary secretions in these patients in much the same way as it does in patients with hypertension.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Nonimmunologic aspects of caries resistance.

A variety of components provide salivary secretions with an array of potentially effective means of combating cariogenic challenges. These defense factors range from a laissez-faire mechanical cleansing to exquisitely controlled production of highly specific antibodies. In between the two extremes are antibacterial systems whose operating characteristics are only beginning to be understood. These systems are well worth our attention. They may be the key to our understanding of variations in individual susceptibility, and could provide valuable leads for development of anticaries agents.

Adsorption↗
PubMed1976

The salivary secretions in health and disease.

The potential usefulness of analysis of the salivary secretions in diagnosis and prognosis is beginning to be explored in depth. The preliminary work already undertaken indicates that modern methods applied to this secretion may provide information that is different from that obtained in other body fluids. Saliva is collected at the point of its manufacture and, therefore, is unaffected by collection or storage in the body. It is the product both of protein synthesis within the glands and of most of the known water and electrolyte exchange mechanisms. Salivary composition is affected by both autonomic and hormonal stimuli. As the specific influence of each of these factors is better understood, studies of this fluid will provide important clues to the understanding of disease and the evaluation of therapy. There are few places in the body where it is possible directly, utilizing a non-invasive technique, to examine the product of a large number of important biological processes. It is obvious that careful handling of collection and analytic techniques are essential if these secretions are to be utilized. Future investigations in clinical situations should take full advantage of the strong base of knowledge of the physiology of these glands. Development of this field depends on careful clinical investigations designed to make full use of our current knowledge.

Amylases↗
PubMed1976

Composition of nasal secretion in patients with cystic fibrosis.

Quantitative examination of nasal secretion in patients with cystic fibrosis revealed a significantly greater than normal concentration of calcium, a finding in keeping with the hypothesized importance of this ion in the pathophysiology of the disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Salivary alterations in diabetes mellitus.

Separately collected parotid and submaxillary salivary samples from 20 diabetic and 20 matched control subjects were analyzed for flow rate, electrolyte content and immunoglobulin (IgA, IgG and IgM) levels. Flow rates did not vary significantly between the two groups of subjects; calcium ion content, however, was higher in the diabetic subjects for both salivary glands. The presence of salivary IgI in 6 of 10 patients was also a significant finding. Any attempt to draw a conclusion between the severity of periodontal disease and Diabetes Mellitus from the above findings is still speculative but does indicate further areas of research.

Adult↗