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Biomedical subjects

I D Learmonth

Publications and source records attributed to I D Learmonth.

81 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Early treatment of avascular necrosis in systemic lupus erythematosus.

Avascular necrosis (AVN) of the hips is associated with significant disability, and the majority of established cases require major surgery. In a retrospective analysis of 185 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) 13 (7%) were found to have AVN. Of these, six had Raynaud's phenomenon, all had been on corticosteroids, and one had digital vasculitis. The mean duration of corticosteroid therapy was two years (range four months to five years). Five patients developed AVN two to 10 years after discontinuing steroids. The mean duration of disease at the onset of AVN was 6.85 years (range 1-19 years), and the mean age at onset of AVN was 31 years. Ten patients had severe multisystem involvement. None of the patients abused alcohol. Surgery was performed on 11 hips. Three had total hip replacement for stages 3 and 4 and seven had core decompression for stages 1 and 2. AVN progressed in two (28%) of these patients. In another patient core decompression failed for technical reasons. She subsequently required total hip replacement. The early detection of AVN to avoid the need for major surgery is stressed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Charnley low-friction arthroplasty of the hip. Long-term results in South Africa.

Long-term results of 98 Charnley low-friction arthroplasties were followed for a period of a mean of 12 years; 98 of 470 operations qualified for this strict long-term study, 78 (79.6%) with excellent results. If excessive medialization of the cup is avoided, socket complications appear to be minimal (4%). The majority of femoral component failures resulted from femoral stem breakage. Only four hips (4.08%) developed loosening of the femoral stem.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

A clinical evaluation of isoxicam in the treatment of osteo-arthritis.

Thirteen patients with osteo-arthritis entered a 12-month open-label assessment of the efficacy and safety of a single morning dose of isoxicam 200 mg. Pain scale scores were significantly reduced and this was accompanied by improvement in most of the symptoms. No patients suffered adverse reactions considered to be definitely related to the use of isoxicam and only 3 patients reported adverse reactions (mild weight gain, stomatitis, constipation) probably related to treatment. Isoxicam 200 mg once a day was effective and well tolerated in the long-term symptomatic treatment of osteo-arthritis.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

Antibiotic therapy in acute infections of bone and joints in children.

Effective antibiotic therapy forms the mainstay of the treatment of acute bone and joint infections in children. The causal organisms and bacterial sensitivities encountered in a prospective study are presented. Initial antibiotic therapy is discussed, while the need for immediate Gram staining to identify resistant organisms is stressed.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1984

Acute osteomyelitis and septic arthritis in children. A simple approach to treatment.

A 12-month prospective study of 45 patients with bacteriologically proven acute osteitis and septic arthritis is presented. Sodium fusidate and erythromycin at the recommended dosage of 30 mg/kg/d for 3 weeks was found to be an effective first-line antibiotic regimen. The hazards of Haemophilus infection are emphasized. Immediate Gram staining is therefore strongly recommended. It was found that adequate drainage of a subperiosteal abscess without drilling of the bone always resulted in complete cure, while cases of septic arthritis consequent upon decompression of a contiguous metaphysitis were adequately treated by arthrotomy and irrigation alone. The authors believe that early limited surgery with adequate administration of antibiotics aided by early circumspect mobilization will provide a good functional and cosmetically acceptable result in most cases.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1984

Namaqualand hip dysplasia: an autosomal dominant entity.

A unique inherited skeletal disorder has been identified in 45 persons in five generations of a kindred of mixed ancestry in South Africa. Discomfort in the hip joints develops in childhood and the course is progressive, with handicap in middle age. General health is good, height is not reduced by any significant degree, and there is no nonskeletal involvement. The major changes are in the femoral capital epiphyses, which are flattened and fragmented; secondary degenerative arthropathy develops at a later stage. Platyspondyly of variable but mild degree is present in about 60% of affected persons. Other minor changes, including iliac exostoses, are present occasionally. Pedigree data indicate autosomal dominant inheritance, with a reasonably consistent phenotypic expression. In view of the geographic distribution of this condition we propose the designation "Namaqualand hip dysplasia" (NHD).

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Hypermobility and injuries in a professional ballet company.

A study was conducted on members of the Cape Performing Arts Board (CAPAB) professional ballet company to determine the prevalence of hypermobility and to document the injuries sustained over a ten year period. If forward flexion, which is acquired through training, is excluded as a parameter the difference in hypermobility between dancers and controls is not statistically significant. Considering the stresses imposed on the musculoskeletal system, the number of injuries was surprisingly low. Ligamentous injuries about the ankle and knee were both common and accounted for the major morbidity. There were minor differences in the nature and severity of injuries in the male and female dancers. Back injuries, fractures and osteoarthrosis were uncommon and shin splints was not recorded in any of the dancers.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Total replacement of the rheumatoid knee: a review of currently available prostheses and a follow-up of 50 operations.

Total replacement of the knee has become an essential part of the overall management of rheumatoid arthritis. This paper reviews briefly the various forms of arthroplasty currently available, touching on some design features and associated problems. A study has been made of 50 knees in which one prosthetic design (the ICLH) has been used. The follow-up period varied between 2 and 7 years. Analysis of pain, walking ability and anatomical integrity before and after operation revealed an incidence of 82% good or fair results. Four patients (8%) developed septic complications, a higher incidence than that associated with total hip replacement. The factors associated with this increased incidence include steroid medication, previous surgery, general debility, and the thin soft-tissue cover of the knee.

Adult↗