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Biomedical subjects

I D Cooke

Publications and source records attributed to I D Cooke.

At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

Comparison of plasma steroid and gonadotrophin profiles in spontaneous cycles in which conception did and did not occur.

Luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), oestradiol and progesterone were measured in plasma from blood samples obtained daily throughout 23 menstrual cycles in a total of 18 normal women. Eight of these women were trying to conceive at the time of investigation and five succeeded. The subjects were divided into those who were not exposed to pregnancy (Group I), those who became pregnant (Group II) and those who were trying to become pregnant but failed to do so (Group III). The mean profiles of each of the four hormones were similar for the three groups studied. Statistical comparisons (using 't' tests) between Groups II and III showed that FSH concentrations were significantly lower (P less than 0.01) in the late follicular phase (Days -7 to -3 before the LH peak) in Group III. Similarly, progresterone concentrations were significantly lower (P less than 0.05) during the early luteal phase (Days +3 to +7 after the LH peak) in Group III.

Estradiol↗
PubMed1977

Prolactin concentrations in ovulatory but infertile women: treatment with bromocriptine.

We measured basal plasma prolactin concentrations (in samples obtained during the early follicular phase) in 25 normal (control) women and in a similar group of 40 patients with a long-standing history of infertility. The infertile patients were all ovulating regularly, and had been unsuccessfully treated with clomiphene and in some cases dydrogesterone and human menopausal gonadotrophin. Although none of the patients had plasma prolactin concentrations greater than 1000 muU/ml, 47.5% of the estimations were greater than 1 standard deviation (SD) above the mean established for our control group. This difference was highly significant (P less than 0.001). Treatment with various bromocriptine regimens effectively reduced prolactin concentrations to below normal in all cases, and 16 pregnancies followed-13 during bromocriptine treatment and three in the first post-treatment cycle. The cumulative conception rate was 63.4% after 10 months' treatment.

Bromocriptine↗
PubMed1977

Problems in using basal body temperature recordings in an infertility clinic.

Basal body temperature recordings are extensively used to diagnose and treat infertility, but too great an emphasis on the interpretation of these charts might be counter-productive in managing these patients. Several gynaecologists who use temperature charts clinically were asked to score 60 charts taken from a selection of normal and infertile women, and their results were compared with those obtained by a group of non-experts. Since the full hormonal profiles had been obtained for each of the 60 charts the accuracy of the predictions could be assessed. About 80% of the temperature charts were correctly interpreted by both groups as being either ovulatory or anovulatory but the day of ovulation was predicted correctly for only about 34% of the charts. When the charts were examined retrospectively the thermal nadir was found to coincide with the luteinising hormone surge in 43% of the charts from normal subjects but in only 25% of those from the infertile patients. Predicting the day of ovulation from the temperature recording, particularly in infertile women, is clearly unjustified.

Basal Metabolism↗
PubMed1977

Long-term follow-up of the apparently normal couple with a complaint of infertility.

Ninety-one couples with no obvious cause for their infertility were followed after periods of 1 to 17 years (96% were followed until they conceived or for more than 5 years). All of the couples had been fully investigated and no specific abnormality had been demonstrated. The majority of women (88%) had primary infertility of at least 2 years' duration, although a small number (12%) had had one or more first-trimester abortions and were thus classified as having secondary infertility. Cumulative conception rates (using life tables) at the end of 7 years were 36.2% for the primary infertility group and 78.8% for the women with secondary infertility. Of those couples achieving a first pregnancy and desiring a second, only 44.3% had conceived at the end of another 4-year period. These rates are markedly lower than the published conception rates of a normal population.

Coitus↗
PubMed1976

Steroid effects on human endometrial glycoprotein biosynthesis.

Human endometrium from the secretory phase of the menstrual cycle was incubated with 3H- and 14C-labelled glucosamine and [3H]leucine. Incorporation into secreted extracellular glycoprotein and accumulation of the label into the microsomal fraction were measured. When oestradiol or progesterone were added to the medium, medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA), ethynodiol diacetate and chlormadinone acetate reduced incorporation of glucosamine and MPA reduced incorporation of leucine into glycoprotein. MPA reduced the amount of glucosamine in the microsomal fraction and also had an effect on amino acid transport within the endometrial cells, as indicated by intracellular alpha-aminoisobutyric acid space measurements. These results and the ratios of 3H and 14C in the microsomal fraction and secreted protein suggest that MPA has a primary effect in decreasing amino sugar incorporation and a secondary effect in reducing amino acid incorporation into glycoprotein.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1974

The endometrium.

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Biopsy↗