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Biomedical subjects

I C Martin

Publications and source records attributed to I C Martin.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

So you think they know what we do? The public and professional perception of oral and maxillofacial surgery.

In order to assess knowledge about the specialty of oral and maxillofacial surgery amongst the public and both general medical and dental practitioners, a questionnaire was devised. 200 members of the public were selected at random in one district, 50 local dentists and general medical practitioners were selected and all were telephoned to obtain their answers. The results reveal that the majority of the public need more information about the benefits that our specialty can offer them or their patients. Medical practitioners are better informed but lack information about where our major activity lies. Even dental practitioners have not been kept up to date with recent developments in our specialty and may refer to other specialties, patients with conditions which members of our Association routinely manage. If patients are to receive the best treatment available, it is essential that we educate the public (and especially the Purchasers) about our clinical interests and activities.

Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice↗
PubMed1993

Mosaic 35,X/36,XY karyotype and intersex in a red panda (Ailurus fulgens fulgens).

A zoo-bred Himalayan red panda (Ailurus fulgens fulgens) was diagnosed as a presumptive intersex on clinical examination at 4-mo-of-age. The phenotype was predominantly female but showed a large anogenital distance and bilateral ischial swellings. Based on cytogenetic evaluation, the karyotype was mos35,X/36,XY, with 50% of each cell type. A grossly normal uterus and oviducts were seen with laparoscopic examination, while the gonads were smooth-surfaced, with a ramifying vascular pattern. On histopathologic examination the bulk of the gonads consisted of clumps of poorly differentiated cells, with just a thin rim of ovarian tissue under the region covered by the fimbriae of the oviduct.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Ultrasonographic observations of the flexor tendons and ligaments of the metacarpal region of horses.

Observations were made in dorsal and sagittal planes of the ultrasonographic mean gray scale of the flexor tendons and ligaments of the metacarpal regions of 5 Thoroughbred geldings, during weight bearing and nonweight bearing. In images made when the horses were nonweight bearing, the mean gray scale of the superficial and deep digital flexor tendons and accessory ligament was significantly reduced, but that of the interosseous medius muscle (suspensory ligament) was not. When relaxed, collagen fiber bundles in the tendons and ligaments acted as diffuse, rather than specular, reflectors of ultrasonic waves leading to localized regions of hypoechogenicity and a consequent reduction in mean gray scale. The suspensory ligament, however, remained under tension during nonweight bearing and so mean gray scale was not reduced. Analyses of the ultrasonographic mean gray scale have the potential to provide quantitative data relating to the changes in echogenicity that develop in injured equine tendons and ligaments.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1992

Development of a method for the determination of zopiclone in whole blood.

Mass spectrometry in both electron-impact and positive chemical ionisation modes has been used to elucidate the structures of the decomposition products of zopiclone after gas chromatography. A high-performance liquid chromatographic method has been developed for the determination of zopiclone in whole blood. After selective extraction (butyl chloride) the extracts are chromatographed on Spherisorb ODS-5 (5 microns) using dibasic ammonium phosphate-acetonitrile (40:60). The zopiclone is measured by ultraviolet detection with a limit of quantitation of 4 ng/ml. This method has been successfully applied to the determination of zopiclone in post-mortem blood. Zopiclone levels found in five post-mortem cases are presented.

Azabicyclo Compounds↗
PubMed1992

Endosseous implants in the irradiated composite radial forearm free flap.

This paper describes the application of endosseous titanium implants that have been inserted into the vascularized bone of the radial forearm composite flap, used for mandibular reconstruction. The technique described allows full orofacial rehabilitation to be achieved, following ablative surgery and adjuvant radiotherapy.

Bone Transplantation↗
PubMed1992

Improvements in morbidity of mouth cancer using microvascular free flap reconstructions.

50 patients who underwent major surgery for head and neck cancer and reconstructed with radial forearm microvascular free flaps, were assessed with regard to social adaptation, appearance and in particular mouth function. The results were compared with a similar group of patients who underwent reconstruction with either primary repair or pedicled flaps.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗
PubMed1989

Reproductive abnormalities in canine fucosidosis.

Male English springer spaniel dogs affected with fucosidosis, a lysosomal storage disorder, were found to be infertile while females with the disease reproduced successfully. Ejaculates of semen collected from affected dogs had reduced total sperm output and morphologically abnormal spermatozoa. A high proportion of ejaculated spermatozoa had midpiece droplets, bent tails and poor motility. Severely vacuolated epididymal epithelial cells were observed by light microscopy. Electron microscopic examination revealed membrane-bound vacuoles of variable size containing scanty amounts of granular to fibrillar material in epididymal epithelial cells, smooth muscle, myoid cells and Sertoli cells. Male infertility is believed to result from lysosomal storage of fucosyl-linked substrates in cells of the reproductive system. The extensive lesions in the epididymis may have interfered with maturation and transport of spermatozoa. Also, deficiency of alpha-L-fucosidase activity could have impaired the shedding of cytoplasmic droplets from spermatozoa and altered the surface glycoprotein composition of the sperm during epididymal transit.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Responses of horses to acepromazine maleate administered orally in a paste.

The effects of acepromazine maleate (ACP), given orally in a paste form, were examined in six standard-bred geldings over a 12 hour period. Three dose rates, zero (placebo paste), 0.13 mg kg-1 and 0.26 mg kg-1, given before or after feeding, were investigated. The data were divided into two sampling periods for analysis, one from zero to 120 minutes and the other from four to 12 hours. Sedation was assessed by a score (TS score) based on general appearance, anal sphincter relaxation and penile protrusion. This TS score was significantly elevated 40 minutes after dosing with ACP, irrespective of whether the horses had been fed or not. Dose rate had no significant effect on TS in the zero to 120 minute sampling period, but the TS score was significantly (P less than 0.01) higher at the higher dose rate in the four to 12 hour period. At both dose rates, the TS scores were still significantly higher than their pretreatment values 12 hours after dosing. Systolic blood pressure (SBP), measured indirectly from the coccygeal artery, haematocrit (PCV) and total plasma protein concentration (TPP) were also examined. ACP caused significant falls in SBP and PCV, but the effect was complicated by feeding. ACP given after feeding had a reduced effect on SBP and PCV. Feeding appeared to cause a rise then a fall in PCV and TPP which was superimposed upon the fall caused by ACP. There was no difference between the two dose rates of ACP on SBP and PCV.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Acepromazine↗
PubMed1986

Effect of ingesta on systemic availability of penicillins administered orally in dogs.

Six penicillin preparations were administered to six dogs of various types, both when the dogs were fasted and when fed a standard meal immediately before dosing. The preparations used were: amoxycillin tablets and drops, ampicillin tablets, penicillin V tablets, phenethicillin tablets and cloxacillin capsules. A Latin square design was employed with ampicillin and the two amoxycillin preparations, while three separate cross-over studies were done with penicillin V, phenethicillin and cloxacillin. Dose rates used were 50 mg/kg for cloxacillin, and 10 mg/kg for the others. A microbiological method was used to assay penicillin in blood samples taken at intervals after dosing. Values for peak plasma drug concentration (Cmax), the time at which it occurred (Tmax), and area under the curve (AUC) were obtained for each curve of drug concentration plotted against time. In fasted dogs, ampicillin showed poorer systemic availability than did amoxycillin, with Cmax and AUC values of less than half those of amoxycillin. The solid and liquid preparations of amoxycillin had similar bioavailability. Ingesta adversely affected the systemic availability of antibiotic from all preparations tested. With ampicillin and both amoxycillin preparations, there were reduced Cmax and AUC and prolonged Tmax, indicating slowed and diminished absorption. Feeding did not alter Tmax with the other drugs, but reduced the Cmax of penicillin V, phenethicillin and cloxacillin and the AUC of cloxacillin. It is suggested that, if minimal impairment of bioavailability by ingesta is desired, then the penicillins commonly administered by mouth (amoxycillin, ampicillin, penicillin V, phenethicillin, cloxacillin) should be given to dogs that are fasting.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1986

Oral vegetable granuloma: ultrastructural and histological study.

An unusual giant-cell granulomatous inflammatory oral lesion is characterised by the presence of hyaline rings and by a lack of agreement on their nature, opinions ranging from their being hyaline degenerative blood-vessels to remains of leguminous cells. Ten such lesions and a variety of vegetables have been examined in the present investigation. Light-microscopical examination of the lesions revealed the hyaline rings surrounded by inflamed granulation tissue with associated multinuclear giant cells. Electron-microscopical examination showed them to consist of a material similar to that of vegetable cell walls, sometimes with an associated superficial layer of collagen. The observations indicate that the lesions consist of vegetable remains with an associated foreign-body type of inflammatory response.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Serum concentrations of penicillin in the horse after administration of a variety of penicillin preparations.

Twelve geldings were used to evaluate serum levels of penicillin following the intravenous (iv) and intramuscular (im) injection of benzylpenicillin, im procaine penicillin and im fortified benzathine penicillin, at a variety of dose rates. Blood samples were collected up to 7 h after iv and im benzylpenicillin, up to benzathine penicillin. Results were analysed using an analysis of variance and regression analyses were used to calculate the time taken for the serum penicillin concentration to decline to 0.5 micrograms/ml. As a result of the experiments the following dosage regimes could be recommended for each drug. Benzylpenicillin should be administered im at a dose rate of 10,000 iu/kg at the commencement of treatment. Procaine penicillin should be injected at a dose rate of 15,000 iu/kg every 12 h or 30,000 iu/kg every 24 h. In serious infections 10,000 iu/kg of benzylpenicillin im should be used concomitantly to begin therapy. Fortified benzathine penicillin appears to have little value for antimicrobial therapy in the horse.

Analysis of Variance↗