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Biomedical subjects

I C Mackie

Publications and source records attributed to I C Mackie.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

An audit of anterior periapical radiographs taken in a paediatric dentistry unit.

The aim of this study was to audit the use of periapical radiographs taken during the endodontic treatment of traumatized incisor teeth in a Paediatric Dentistry Unit. Fifty consecutive radiographs and their accompanying written records were evaluated, using methods which were developed and applied by ten staff and postgraduate students working in the Unit. Less than half of the films and their accompanying records were considered to be completely satisfactory and the performance of permanent staff was no better than that of junior staff and postgraduate students. The audit suggested methods for improving the quality of this service, which were subsequently implemented.

Child↗
PubMed1996

Dental trauma: 4. Avulsion and replantation of immature incisor teeth.

Facial trauma in children with immature incisor teeth often results in the complete avulsion of a maxillary permanent incisor because the root is only partially formed and the alveolar bone is still elastic. These teeth may be replanted: the long-term prognosis for replanted incisors has greatly improved because of improvements in our clinical knowledge following the pioneering and painstaking research work of Andreasen and his colleagues.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Case report: an unusual cause of toothwear.

Dental practitioners often have to treat cases of toothwear, which may be caused by a number of factors including dietary erosion, physical attrition and abrasion due to friction against a foreign body. The authors encountered a young patient with a very unusual cause of toothwear, details of which are reported here.

Child↗
PubMed1994

Comparison of two calcium hydroxide pastes used for endodontic treatment of non-vital immature incisor teeth.

A proprietary calcium hydroxide paste, Reogan Rapid, that previously has been demonstrated to induce apical closure in non-vital immature incisor teeth, was becoming unavailable. A prospective clinical trial was conducted to compare Reogan Rapid with another proprietary paste, Hypo-cal. For teeth treated with Reogan Rapid apical closure was obtained in an average of 6.8 months involving 3.1 visits and the respective figures for teeth treated with Hypo-cal were 5.1 months and 2.4 visits. These results demonstrated that Hypo-cal was as effective as Reogan Rapid when used in a standardised technique for inducing apical closure.

Barium Sulfate↗
PubMed1994

Sugar-containing or sugar-free paediatric medicines: does it really matter?

The long-term use of sugar-containing medicines has long been considered a cause of dental caries in children. Several studies have examined the role of prescription medicines in dental decay, but what about those that can be bought over the counter and that are used infrequently? In this paper practitioners are advised on how to encourage parents to use sugar-free medicines for the sake of their children's teeth.

Cariogenic Agents↗
PubMed1993

An investigation into sugar-containing and sugar-free over-the-counter medicines stocked and recommended by pharmacists in the north western region of England.

Sugar-containing paediatric medicines can contribute to the aetiology of dental caries, and as many are sold over-the-counter (OTC) as are prescribed. This study evaluated a dental health education initiative among pharmacists in the north-west of England in an effort to increase the sales of sugar-free preparations. It also investigated the stocks they held, their recommendations to their customers and their knowledge of, and attitudes to, sugar in medicine as a cause of dental caries. Following a baseline questionnaire, a randomly selected group of pharmacists were sent a dental health education leaflet informing them of the role of sugar-containing medicines in the aetiology of dental caries and a list of sugar-free alternatives which they were asked to stock and recommend. Twelve months later, a second questionnaire was completed by both the test and control groups of pharmacists. The most commonly stocked and recommended OTC paediatric medicines contained sugar. Of the 14 preparations stocked by over 90% of the pharmacists only two were sugar-free. During the year of the study the mean number of sugar-free medicines stocked by the pharmacists in the test group reduced from 7.70 to 7.12 (P < 0.05) and in the control group from 8.39 to 7.45 (P < 0.05). Seventy-seven per cent of the pharmacists thought that sugar in medicines could contribute to caries, but recommended sugar-containing preparations more frequently than sugar-free alternatives. The dental profession needs to actively promote medicines that are sugar-free if there is to be a change from the use of iatrogenic sugar-containing preparations.

Binomial Distribution↗
PubMed1993

A follow-up study of incisor teeth which had been treated by apical closure and root filling.

A follow-up study was conducted of 93 non-vital immature incisor teeth treated by apical closure and root filling. Only six teeth had been lost and these losses were due to trauma, failed restorative treatment or root resorption. Life table analysis suggested that 86% of teeth would still be present after 5 years. The number of teeth at risk was too small after 5 years to provide precise enough estimates of the percentage of survivors.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Factors affecting the availability of sugar-free medicines for children--a survey in the UK.

Because use of sugar-containing paediatric medicines is an aetiological factor in dental caries, sugar-free alternatives are slowly becoming more readily available. However, it is claimed that, for a variety of reasons, their production is difficult. This investigation was undertaken to determine whether problems exist in the formulation, production and availability of sugar-free medicines. A structured questionnaire was used with personnel involved in the production, marketing and wholesaling of paediatric medicines in the UK. Information was obtained from interviews with, or from questionnaires completed by, personnel of five pharmaceutical and five wholesale companies. The findings indicated that the only obstacle to producing sugar-free medicines is slightly higher cost, and that manufacturers are influenced to change mainly by consumer pressure. It was concluded that the dental profession should advise the public to demand sugar-free medicines and doctors to prescribe them.

Child↗
PubMed1993

Investigation of the children referred to a dental hospital with avulsed permanent incisor teeth.

The management of children referred to a dental hospital because of avulsed permanent incisor teeth was considered in a retrospective study. The group consisted of 49 children between the ages of 6 and 14 years. Most of the children (60%) had their avulsed teeth stored dry while only 7% had them stored in milk, and 19% in saliva. Following avulsion the majority of the children attended a dental surgeon or general hospital. Twenty-three children contacted health care personnel within 30 minutes but only 13 had their teeth replanted in this time period. Thirty-six children had 46 incisors replanted. No relationship was demonstrated between the place or personnel who replanted the teeth, and a successful outcome.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Implants in children: a case report.

A post-crowned, root-filled tooth in a 13-year-old child which is retraumatised resulting in palatal fracture of the root often necessitates removal of the root. The future treatment plan involves appropriate space management and restorative treatment. In this instance the root was retained in order to preserve alveolar bone until the patient was old enough for an implant.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Alternative management of a crown root fractured tooth in a child.

A crown root fracture of a tooth in a young person may necessitate the removal of the root and the placement of a space-maintaining partial denture followed by provision of a bridge. A case is reported of an alternative approach to treatment, in which the root fragment is retained in situ until the end of the pubertal growth spurt, in order to preserve alveolar bone, following which it is removed and replaced by an implant.

Child↗
PubMed1992

An investigation of replantation of traumatically avulsed permanent incisor teeth.

The success of treatment of 46 replanted, avulsed permanent incisors in 36 children was investigated in relation to some of the factors which have been reported to affect prognosis. Treatment was considered to have been successful if the tooth was still present in the mouth and required no further treatment. If more treatment was necessary, the outcome was considered to be uncertain, while if the tooth had been lost a failure was recorded. Treatment was considered to be successful for 21 teeth, uncertain for 20 teeth and a failure for 5 teeth. A significant relationship was found between success and the method of storing the avulsed tooth, with milk, saliva or saline being the best media. No relationship was demonstrated between the time the avulsed tooth was out of the mouth and success. Root resorption was the most frequent complication of replantation and occurred in 24 teeth. However, no significant relationship between resorption and the time that the avulsed tooth was out of the mouth was demonstrated.

Adolescent↗