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Biomedical subjects

I Byrjalsen

Publications and source records attributed to I Byrjalsen.

32 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Serum placental protein 14 (PP14) reflects endometrial status during hormone replacement therapy.

Healthy post-menopausal women were randomly assigned to treatment groups receiving 28 day treatment cycles of oestradiol valerate (2 mg, days 1-28) sequentially combined with levonorgestrel (75 micrograms, days 17-28) (n = 19); oestradiol valerate (2 mg, days 1-28) continuously combined with cyproterone acetate (1 mg, days 1-28) (n = 18), or placebo (n = 22). Treatment continued for 2 years. After therapy, the women receiving the sequential combination had an early secretory phase (74%) or atrophic endometrium (26%). All women receiving the continuous combination or placebo had inactive or atrophic endometrium, or the tissue was inadequate for assessment. Biochemical parameters of endometrial secretion [oestradiol dehydrogenase (EDH), isocitrate dehydrogenase (ICDH)] measured in endometrial tissue and placental protein (PP14) measured in serum were all low in the groups receiving the continuous combination and placebo. During sequential treatment, all biochemical parameters showed significantly higher mean values. Serum PP14 accurately reflected this pattern. Furthermore, in the sequentially treated group, serum PP14 correlated highly significantly with EDH (r = 0.70; P less than 0.001) and ICDH (r = 0.57; P = 0.01). These correlations were of the same magnitude as the correlations between the endometrial markers, which indicates that serum PP14 reflects the endometrial status. Furthermore, serum PP14 measurements at 3 months and at 2 years of treatment were highly correlated, reflecting the long-term validity of the measurement. The present data suggest that PP14 measured in serum may be used to assess endometrial status. Further studies are required to determine whether serum PP14 will discriminate pathological endometrial conditions.

Cyproterone Acetate↗
PubMed1992

Sequential estrogen and progestogen therapy: assessment of progestational effects on the postmenopausal endometrium.

Healthy postmenopausal women were randomly assigned to groups receiving 28-day treatment cycles of estradiol (E2) valerate (2 mg, days 1-21) combined with medroxyprogesterone acetate (10 mg, days 12-21) (N = 18), 17 beta-estradiol (1.5 mg, days 1-24) combined with desogestrel (150 micrograms, days 13-24) (N = 20), or placebo (N = 18). The progestational effects on the endometrium were assessed by histology, uterine bleeding pattern, and biochemical markers of secretion measured in endometrial tissue (E2 and isocitrate dehydrogenase) and serum (placental protein 14). After 2 years of therapy, 24 women in the hormone groups had secretory endometrium and 13 had atrophic endometrium; in the placebo group, the results were one and 15, respectively. Withdrawal bleeding generally started between days 9-12 after the addition of progestogen in the E2-medroxyprogesterone acetate group, and between days 14-17 in the E2-desogestrel group. All three biochemical markers of secretion were increased in each of the hormone-treated groups compared with the placebo group (P less than .01-.001). Serum placental protein 14 was twice as high in the secretory as in the atrophic phase (P less than .01). Isocitrate dehydrogenase, but not E2 dehydrogenase, was also higher in the secretory phase (P less than .05). Only serum placental protein 14 was significantly related to the uterine bleeding pattern (P less than .01). We conclude that serum placental protein 14 reflects both endometrial histology and bleeding pattern and may be a useful marker of progestational effects on the endometrium. The markers of secretion measured in endometrial tissue are not as reliable for endometrial histology or bleeding pattern.

Desogestrel↗
PubMed1991

Secretory endometrial protein PP14 in women with early pregnancy bleeding.

The decidualized endometrium produces secretory proteins of which secretory endometrial protein PP14 is the major product during the first trimester of pregnancy. The protein is secreted into the uterine lumen as well as into the peripheral blood. The purpose of this study was to examine whether decidual function, evaluated by the serum concentration of PP14, was different in women with early pregnancy bleeding compared to normal pregnant women. A reference range for serum PP14 was established on the basis of single samples from 236 normal pregnant women with ultrasonically confirmed gestational age. All the women were delivered of a normal child at term. The study comprised 128 pregnant women admitted because of vaginal bleeding between 6 and 18 weeks gestation. At ultrasonography, intrauterine fetal heart activity was either present or was confirmed at a subsequent examination. No difference was found in the serum level of PP14 compared to that in normal pregnancies, but women with vaginal bleeding and depressed PP14 levels appeared to have a 5-fold higher risk of preterm delivery than women with bleeding and normal PP14 levels.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Serum placental protein 14 in pre-menopausal and post-menopausal women--dependency on oestrogen/progestogen status.

In view of the increasing use of oestrogen-progestogen therapy in post-menopausal women the availability of possible biochemical marker of endometrial response to progestogen would be highly desirable. Placental protein 14 (PP14) has recently been shown to be excreted from the endometrium during the secretory phase of the menstrual cycle. In the present study we examined the concentration of serum PP14 (S-PP14) in 15 pre-menopausal women during the menstrual cycle and in 30 early post-menopausal women receiving three different doses of 17 beta-oestradiol (E2), cyclically combined with norethisterone acetate (NETA). S-PP14 levels peaked on day 1 following the onset of menstrual bleeding and on day 7 during NETA administration. It was possible to estimate the area under the S-PP14 curve reliably from one or two blood samples taken at optimal times. In the post-menopausal women, S-PP14 varied in a highly significant dose-dependent manner, i.e., the higher the E2 dose (in relation to the fixed NETA dose) the higher the S-PP14 response was found to be. We suggest that S-PP14 measurements might reflect the quantitative development of the endometrium in the secretory phase in both pre-menopausal and post-menopausal women.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Fractionation of elastase-type enzyme activity in biological fluids using a centrifugal analyser.

We here describe a simple, rapid and sensitive spectrophotometric method for fractionation of elastase-type enzyme activity on a centrifugal analyser using the chromogenic substrate Suc-[Ala]3-pNA. For quantitation of metalloelastase and serine elastase, respectively, the method utilizes 20mM EDTA as ametalloenzyme inhibitor and the serine enzyme inhibitor soybean trypsin inhibitor (SBTI) in a final concentration of 2.5 g/l. Containing both serine- and metalloelastase, a pool of synovial fluids from patients with rheumatoid arthritis was used. The method is suitable for clinical studies on different body fluids or cell constituents. The investigation points out the necessity of using inhibitors when chromogenic substrates are used to measure elastase activity in biological fluids.

Body Fluids↗
PubMed1989

At what level of serum total creatine kinase activity can measurement of serum creatine kinase MB isoenzyme activity be omitted in suspected myocardial infarction?

The purpose of this study was to establish a discriminatory limit for serum total creatine kinase activity (CK activity) below which CK isoenzyme fractionation is unnecessary. We looked at 2610 serum samples from 1077 consecutive patients with suspected acute myocardial infraction (AMI). The CK activity was determined according to the Scandinavian recommended method. Isoenzymes of CK were separated by agarose gel electrophoresis, followed by fluorometric scanning. When the threshold for CK activity was 150 U/l, none of the samples had a creatine kinase MB isoenzyme activity (CK-MB activity) equal to or higher than 30 U/l (the diagnostic level), which has been found to differentiate between patients with AMI and those without AMI. Only 14 patients (1.3% of all patients investigated) had CK-MB activity peaks between 10 U/l (detection limit) and 30 U/l. Of these, AMI was only diagnosed in one. We recommend that CK-MB activity should be measured only when CK activity is higher than 150 U/l. This would make about 50% of all CK-MB measurements unnecessary.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

The measurement of secretory endometrial protein PP14 in serum from postmenopausal women receiving unopposed estrogen or continuously combined estrogen/progestogen.

A highly sensitive radioimmunoassay was developed to measure the low serum concentrations of the endometrial secretory placenta protein 14 (PP14) in postmenopausal women. The assay was established by selecting optimum reaction conditions for radioactive labelling of PP14, combined with simple procedures for the purification of the labelled PP14. The PP14 assay was used in 2 groups of healthy, early postmenopausal women blindly receiving either estrogen monotherapy (n = 20, placebo n = 25) or continuously combined estrogen/progestogen therapy (n = 20, placebo n = 23). Neither of these regimens is believed to produce secretory endometrium. During the 12 months of estrogen monotherapy, serum PP14 (S-PP14) remained unchanged at 4.9 micrograms/l, when compared with placebo. Treatment with continuously combined estrogen/progestogen showed a small but significant increase in S-PP14 from 5.3 micrograms/l to 7.2 micrograms/l at 3 months. S-PP14 remained at this slightly elevated level throughout the treatment period of 24 months. Three months after hormone withdrawal, S-PP14 had returned to the pretreatment level. We suggest that S-PP14 might be a useful marker of secretory endometrium.

Drug Combinations↗
PubMed1988

A simple and sensitive chromogen assay for the measurement of elastase-type enzyme activity in human plasma.

A highly sensitive, precise and fast automatic chromogen assay has been developed for estimation of elastase-type activity in plasma using 3-carboxypropionyl-trialanine p-nitro-anilide as substrate. The assay is linear up to at least 8.7 U/l and has a detection limit of 0.003 U/l. The study demonstrates that this enzyme activity is due to one or several metalloproteinases with pH optimum at physiological pH. The plasma enzyme activity in 37 healthy persons ranged from 0.10 U/l to 0.63 U/l. The individual day to day variation was found to be about 12%. In plasma pools prepared from randomly taken samples of in- and out-patients the activity was found up to 8.7 U/l. The origin of the metalloelastase activity is discussed.

Chromogenic Compounds↗
PubMed1987

Human inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor and immunologically related inhibitors investigated by quantitative immunoelectrophoresis. II. Pathological conditions.

Inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor (I alpha I) and the immunologically related prealbumin-like-migrating proteinase inhibitor (pA-PI) were investigated by crossed immunoelectrophoresis in sera from 68 persons with myocardial infarction, neoplastic diseases, inflammatory diseases, collagenosis, cirrhosis of the liver or uremia. The concentration of pA-PI in serum increased during each of these diseases (p less than 0.01). The concentration of I alpha I was significantly decreased in patients with cirrhosis (p less than 0.01). In day to day studies of a patient with myocardial infarction, a patient with erysipelas and a postoperative patient the concentration of I alpha I was low normal to decreased in the first days of the conditions and increased thereafter to high normal values. A comparison of the concentration of pA-PI with the excretion of the immunologically identical urinary proteinase inhibitor (UPI) showed that the excretion could not be caused by simple overflow of pA-PI in the kidney. The excretion of UPI followed closely the acute-phase-response, as measured by serum C-reactive protein.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

Human inter-alpha trypsin inhibitor and immunologically related inhibitors investigated by quantitative immunoelectrophoresis. I. Method and reference material.

The concentration in serum of inter-alpha trypsin inhibitor (I alpha I) and its immunologically related inhibitor, the prealbumin-like proteinase inhibitor (pA-PI), was investigated by quantitative crossed immunoelectrophoresis (CIE) in 33 healthy persons. The corresponding urinary excretion over a 4 h period of the immunologically related urinary proteinase inhibitor (UPI) was measured by rocket immunoelectrophoresis. The concentration of pA-PI increased significantly (p less than 0.001) with age whereas that of I alpha I and the urinary excretion of UPI were independent of age. There was no significantly difference in the concentration of the inhibitors in serum between the sexes, but females were found to have a lower urinary excretion of UPI than males (p less than 0.05). Furthermore we found no significant variation in the concentration of the inhibitors during the course of the day or from day to day over a 5 day period. Results obtained by rocket immunoelectrophoresis correlated well with enzymatically measured trypsin inhibitory activity.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Immunoturbidimetry of serum C-reactive protein in low concentration of polyethylene glycol.

A simple, rapid immunoturbidimetric assay for determination of serum C-reactive protein is presented. In order to obtain constant sample blank values within a few minutes we found it necessary to use a low concentration (10 g/L) of polyethylene glycol 6000 in contrast to the commonly used 40 g/L PEG solution. The sensitivity of the assay presented is 7 mg/L; within-run and between-run CVs ranged respectively from 1.4% to 2.4% and from 2.1% to 5.5%. Results obtained with the proposed method correlate well with radial immunodiffusion.

C-Reactive Protein↗
PubMed1984

Slow migrating proteinase inhibitors in human urine.

By means of a sensitive electrophoretic technique for the detection of proteinase inhibitors three slowly migrating proteinase inhibitors (SMPI) were discovered in some samples of pathological urine. SMPI 1 migrated in the beta 2-zone whereas SMPI 2 and SMPI 3 appeared in the anodal and cathodal gamma-zone, respectively. Only SMPI 1 and 2 were examined in detail. These were found to inhibit tryptic and elastolytic digestion, but not chymotryptic or plasminolytic digestion of casein. Immunological investigations revealed no similarity to normally occurring proteinase inhibitors in serum and urine. The SMPIs from one sample of urine were partially purified by DEAE-Sephadex ion exchange chromatography, followed by gel filtration on Sephacryl superfine 200. This procedure did not separate the two inhibitors. The molecular masses were estimated to be 25 000 Da by gel filtration, and 23000-26500 Da by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.

Chromatography, Gel↗
PubMed1983

Acyl group distributions in tissue lipids of rats fed evening primrose oil (gamma -linolenic plus linoleic acid) or soybean oil (alpha-linolenic plus linoleic acid).

Three groups of rats were fed diets with either 10 weight percent (wt%) of evening primrose oil, safflower oil or soybean oil for 11 weeks. Diets contained 7.1 wt% linoleic acid + 0.8 wt% gamma-linolenic acid, 7.6 wt% linoleic acid, or 5.3 wt% linoleic acid + 0.7 wt% alpha-linolenic acid, respectively. In liver mitochondria as well as in heart, dietary gamma-linolenic acid did not affect the fatty acid profiles of phosphatidylcholines (PC), phosphatidylethanolamines (PE) or cardiolipins (CL), whereas dietary alpha-linolenic acid caused an increased formation of (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). The liver delta 6- and delta 5-desaturase activities determined in vitro were not affected by the dietary fats. In brain PE, which are rich in C22- and C20-(n-3) PUFA, as well as in testes PC and PE, which are rich in (n-6) PUFA, no effects were found from a partial replacement of dietary linoleic acid with gamma-linolenic acid or alpha-linolenic acid. In kidney PC, PE, phosphatidylinositol (PI) and CL, 20:3(n-6) was moderately elevated to ca. 1% following intake of gamma-linolenic acid, whereas partial replacement of linoleic acid with alpha-linolenic acid was followed by increased deposition of 22:6(n-3) in PC and PE of testes and kidney. Thus, no general effect of evening primrose oil on the content of (n-6) PUFA in rat tissue phospholipids was observed, whereas a significant incorporation of gamma-linolenic acid into liver and adipose tissue triglycerides was found.

Animals↗