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Biomedical subjects

I Brook

Publications and source records attributed to I Brook.

At least 451 records · Page 25Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

Clindamycin in treatment of aspiration pneumonia in children.

Twenty-eight patients with anaerobic pleuropulmonary infections were treated with clindamycin alone or clindamycin with gentamicin. Sixteen of the patients presented with pneumonitis, nine with necrotizing pneumonia, and three with lung abscesses. The average length of treatment was 13.8 days, and the duration of temperature after initiation of therapy was 3.1 days. The predominant isolates were anaerobic gram-positive cocci (23 isolates), Bacteroides melaninogenicus (14), Bacteroides fragilis (9), and Fusobacterium nucleatum (11). The most frequent aerobic isolates were alpha-hemolytic streptococci (12), Diplococcus pneumoniae (12), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (9), Klebsiella pneumoniae (7), group A beta-hemolytic streptococci (5), Staphylococcus aureus (9), and Escherichia coli (6). All patients responded to the therapy and were cured of the infection. There were no side effects observed from the administration of clindamycin. None of the patients developed any blood dyscrasia, liver damage, diarrhea, or colitis. Clindamycin appears to be effective in the treatment of mixed aerobic and anaerobic pleuropulmonary infections in children, alone or with an aminoglycoside when indicated.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Primary meningococcal conjunctivitis in an infant.

A case of primary meningococcal conjunctivitis in an infant was presented and its treatment is discussed. Because of the potential for systemic spread of the infection in the patient, local and systemic therapy was instituted. The current literature on meningococcal conjunctivitis with its potential complications is briefly reviewed.

Bacterial Infections↗
PubMed1979

Otitis media in children: a prospective study of aerobic and anaerobic bacteriology.

Tympanocentesis with aerobic and anaerobic cultivation of middle ear fluid was performed through one or both tympanic membranes of 186 children with acute otitis media. Aerobic bacteria alone, predominantly pneumococcus and Hemophilus influenzae, were isolated from 118 (63.4%) patients: and anaerobic organisms alone, most commonly Peptococcus, from 24 (12.9%). Twenty-six (14%) yielded mixtures of aerobes and anaerobes, and several had multiple aerobic agents. No bacterial growth was noted in 18 (9.7%) patients. The isolation of anaerobic bacteria alone, supported in some patients by Gram-stain observations of middle ear fluid, suggests that these bacteria, especially Peptococcus, may occasionally play a direct role in acute otitis media.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1979

Bacterial colonization, tracheobronchitis, and pneumonia following tracheostomy and long-term intubation in pediatric patients.

Serial tracheal cultures for aerobic and anaerobic bacteria were obtained from 27 pediatric patients during one year of follow-up. The patients had required tracheostomy and prolonged intubation for periods ranging from 3 to 12 months (average, 7 1/2 months). Cultures of tracheal aspirates yielded 1,508 isolates of pathogenic aerobic (969 isolates) and anaerobic (539 isolates) bacteria. The most frequent aerobic isolates were Streptococcus pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus. The predominant anaerobes were anaerobic gram-positive cocci, Fusobacterium nucleatum, and Bacteroides fragilis. Replacement of one pathogen by another occurred frequently. Tracheobronchitis occurred in 24 patients, all of whom had episodes of pneumonia. The data suggest that anaerobic bacteria are a part of the bacterial flora in colonization, tracheobronchitis, and pneumonia in patients with tracheostomy and prolonged intubation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Anaerobic and aerobic bacteriology of acute conjunctivitis.

Aerobic and anaerobic cultures and clinical data were obtained from 131 patients presenting with acute conjunctivitis. Similar cultures were obtained from 60 noninflamed individuals. Anaerobes were isolated from 66 patients, 51 times in mixed culture with aerobes and 15 times (11.5%) as the only isolates. Aerobes only were recovered in 54 patients. The organisms found to be statistically significantly more commonly recovered from eyes with conjunctivitis were Staphylococcus aureus, Hemophilus influenzae, Peptostreptococcus, and Propionibacterium acnes. No statistical difference was present between the bacterial flora of the eyes with unilateral conjunctivitis when compared to their uninvolved mates in 20 cases in which only one eye was involved.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Aerobic and anaerobic bacterial flora of the maternal cervix and newborn gastric fluid and conjunctiva: a prospective study.

Aerobic and anaerobic cultures were performed on cervical swabs from 35 mothers and their newborn infants' gastric aspirates and conjunctival sacs. Four hundred seventy-nine isolates were obtained; 287 were aerobes and 192 were anaerobes. The cervical and gastric cultures overall yielded a similar flora, but this was not always the case when one compared mothers with their own newborn infants. The conjunctival cultures yielded about half of the number of bacteria per specimen that the gastric contents yielded, and a repeat conjunctival culture done 48 hours later showed a marked reduction in the number of potentially pathogenic bacteria isolated. The predominant aerobes isolated were Staphylococcus epidermidis, diphtheroids, viridans streptococci and Haemophilus vaginalis. The predominant anaerobes were the Bacteroides fragilis group, Propionibacterium acnes, Peptococcus, other Bacteroides and Peptostreptococcus organisms. Statistical analysis revealed significant positive correlation between the isolation of certain groups of organisms and increased duration of pregnancy, increased baby's weight, and prolonged duration of labor.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1979

Bacteriology and treatment of chronic otitis media.

Tympanocentesis was performed in 50 patients with chronic otitis media. Pus was cultured aerobically and anaerobically. Aerobes only were isolated from 21 patients, 3 had only anaerobes (peptococcus sp.) and 26 had both aerobes and anaerobes. There were 68 aerobic isolates. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was recovered in 36 (72%). Other aerobes commonly recovered included proteus sp. and Staphylococcus aureus. There were 48 anaerobes isolated. Anaerobic gram positive cocci were isolated in 24 instances. Sixteen Bacteriodes sp. were recovered, including 7 B. fragilis and 6 B. melaninogenicus. The patients were divided into two groups according to their antimicrobial therapy: 28 received carbenicillin and 22 clindamycin. An aminoglycoside was added when aerobic enteric gram negative rods were present in significantly high numbers in the culture. There was good to excellent response to therapy in more than half of the patients and in 12% there was a remission from symptoms for up to one year. Thirty-six percent of the patients had no response to therapy. There were no statistical differences in response to therapy in the two groups treated. Antimicrobial therapy directed against aerobic and anaerobic isolates from chronic otitis media had a high success rate in complete eradication of the infection.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Aerobic and anaerobic bacteriology of acute otitis media in children.

Tympanocentesis and aerobic and anaerobic cultivation of the middle-ear fluid obtained was performed through one or both tympanic membranes of 62 children with acute otitis media. Aerobic bacteria alone, predominantely pneumococcus and Hemophilus influenzae, were isolated from 57% of patients; anaerobic organisms alone, most commonly Propionibacterium acnes and Peptococcus, from 15%. Thirteen percent yielded mixtures of aerobes and anaerobes, and several had multiple aerobic or anaerobic agents. The isolation of only anaerobic bacteria, supported in some patients by gram-stain observations of middle-ear fluid, suggest that these bacteria, especially Petococcus, may occasionally play a direct role in acute otitis media.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1978

Measurement of lactic acid in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with infections of the central nervous system.

The concentration of lactic acid in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was determined by gas-liquid chromatography in 205 samples of CSF from 97 patients with or without infections of the central nervous system. Patients without infection or those with nonbacterial (presumably viral) meningitis consistently had low concentrations of lactic acid in CSF (i.e., less than or equal to 35 mg/100 ml), whereas patients with bacterial or tuberculosis meningitis consistently had concentrations of lactic acid in CSF of greater than 35 mg/100 ml. There was no overlap in concentrations of lactic acid between these two groups. Further, lactic acid concentrations in CSF from patients partially treated for meningitis were generally greater than 35 mg/100 ml through the third day of therapy and, thereafter, progressively declined to less than 20 mg/100 ml by the seventh to 10th day of therapy. Relapse of bacterial infection was consistently documented by a recurrence of an increased concentration of lactic acid in CSF. Preliminary experience with determination of the concentration of lactic acid in CSF suggests that it may be useful in distinguishing bacterial (with or without positive cultures) and tuberculous meningitis from meningitis due to nonbacterial causes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Rapid diagnosis of septic arthritis by quantitative analysis of joint fluid lactic acid with a monotest lactate kit.

The Monotest Lactate Kit (MLT) was compared with gas-liquid chromatography (GLC) for the rapid detection of septic arthritis. A total of 36 joint fluids were tested. Specimens were obtained from patients with septic arthritis (17 cases), inflammatory arthritis (18 cases), and degenerative arthritis (1 case). Specimens from 15 patients with bacterial arthritis had lactate levels above 65 mg/dl (mean, 318 mg/dl with the GLC method and 378 mg/dl with the MLT method). Three specimens from patients with gonococcal arthritis had levels that were not above 30 mg/dl (mean, 21 mg/dl with either the GLC or the MLT methods). Patients with inflammatory or degenerative disease yielded levels lower than 65 mg/dl (mean, 48 mg/dl with the GLC method and 46 mg/dl with the MLT method). Both methods proved to be equallly reliable in detecting septic arthritis, except for the gonococcal cases. Both methods are fast and easily adaptable to clinical laboratories; however, MLT was more definitive when quantitation was needed, required less fluid per speciment, and could be readily done at the bedside.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Effect of flufenamic acid on uterine contractions and plasma levels of 15-keto-13,14-dihydroprostaglandin F2alpha in preterm labor.

Flufenamic acid (FA), an inhibitor of the synthesis and action of prostaglandins, was administered to 18 women with preterm labor during the 28th to 36th week of gestation. In 15 patients delivery postponed, the mean admission/delivery interval being 21.5 days. 2 patients with cervical dilatation of 4 cm delivered within 48 h despite medication. The peripheral plasma levels of 15-keto-13,14-dihydroprostaglandin F2alpha (KH2 PG2alpha) was high on admission (216 +/- i4 pg/ml, mean +/- SEM), declined by 50% within 2 h of instituting treatment and remained near the normal level seen in 13 controlled women after the 24th hour.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Acute suppurative parotitis caused by anaerobic bacteria: report of two cases.

Staphylococcus aureus is the predominant pathogen in acute suppurative parotitis. Although anaerobic bacteria are prevalent in the normal oral and upper respiratory tract flora and frequently are involved in oral and facial infections, they have seldom been isolated from patients with suppurative parotitis. It may be that a role for anaerobes in parotitis has not been documented because of inadequate specimen transport or anaerobic culture techniques. We describe two cases of acute suppurative parotitis in which cultures yielded anaerobic bacteria. In one case, no aerobes were isolated; in the other, the anaerobe was the predominant organism numerically.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1978

Perinatal outcome in monitored and unmonitored high-risk deliveries.

The benefit of fetal heart rate monitoring was evaluated by comparing the perinatal outcome in 1.246 high-risk pregnancies and deliveries--554 monitored and 692 unmonitored. Intrapartum and early neonatal mortality were significantly lower in the monitored group (P less than 0.05). This study provides evidence that fetal heart rate monitoring improves the fetal outcome of high-risk deliveries.

Apgar Score↗