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Biomedical subjects

I Bone

Publications and source records attributed to I Bone.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

MRI measurement of syrinx size before and after operation.

When patients with syringomyelia fail to improve after operation, factors such as incomplete cyst decompression or type of operation are often implicated. MRI has been used to confirm adequate syrinx decompression post-operatively and to compare the degree of collapse with the type of operation. Foramen magnum decompression was at least as effective in reducing cyst size as syringo-subarachnoid shunting. MRI may also provide a better classification of syringomyelia.

Foramen Magnum↗
PubMed1987

Syringomyelia: cyst measurement by magnetic resonance imaging and comparison with symptoms, signs and disability.

The severity and distribution of symptoms and signs in patients with syringomyelia is considered to be dependent on the longitudinal and transverse dimensions of the syrinx and it is thought that clinical examination can identify the extent of the cyst. Magnetic resonance imaging has made the anatomical localisation of intramedullary spinal lesions more exact and probably more specific than previous methods of investigation. Syrinx length, diameters, cyst:cord and cord:canal ratios have been studied in 12 patients with syringomyelia to assess whether the dimensions of the syrinx relate to the clinical findings. The length of syrinx appeared to be related to cyst diameter, cyst:cord and cord:canal ratios. Patients with a small syrinx tended to have a small cyst diameter, and small cyst:cord and cord:canal ratios. No significant relationship was found between muscle wasting or weakness, distribution of sensory loss, degree of disability or distress and the dimensions of the syrinx. These findings should be borne in mind when surgical management is being considered.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma presenting with isolated cauda equina compression.

A 50-year-old man, who had previously been well, presented with symptoms and signs of progressive cauda equina compression. This was shown to be due to an extradural lesion which on biopsy was found to be a non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the small cell lymphocyte type. There was no evidence of lymphoma deposits elsewhere. Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma rarely affects the central nervous system except as a late feature of widely disseminated disease. This case demonstrates that isolated spinal infiltration in the absence of widespread disease can be a mode of presentation of a non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Accordingly primary extradural non-Hodgkin's lymphoma should be considered in the differential diagnosis of spinal cord and root compression.

Cauda Equina↗
PubMed1985

Cerebral blood flow and CO2 responsiveness as an indicator of collateral reserve capacity in patients with carotid arterial disease.

Resting cerebral blood flow (CBF) and the response to inhalation of 7 per cent CO2 was measured in 74 patients with symptoms of cerebrovascular disease. In order to evaluate their role in the identification of patients with significant arterial lesions, these measurements were correlated with the angiographic appearances, the clinical picture and the presence or absence of infarction on CT scan. Patients with carotid stenosis of 60 per cent or more had normal resting flows, but reduced responsiveness to CO2 inhalation. Patients with carotid occlusion had both reduced resting flow and reduced CO2 responsiveness. Infarcts were visible in 25 per cent of the hemispheres studied, and were more common in patients with fixed neurological deficits, but were also present in 17 per cent of patients with transient ischaemic attacks (TIAs). Reduction in the collateral supply from the contralateral carotid artery via the Circle of Willis further reduced CO2 responsiveness with ipsilateral internal carotid occlusion. The normal increase in CBF which occurs with the inhalation of carbon dioxide is diminished with increasingly severe bilateral disease, with infarction and with a fixed neurological deficit.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Hysterical paralysis following status epilepticus: case report and review of the concept.

A unique illness consisting largely of quadriplegia in an 18-year-old woman with neurogenic and psychogenic seizures is described and discussed in detail. The precise nature of the illness remains obscure, although it was predominantly hysterical. The concept of hysteria is reappraised and examined in terms of the mind-brain problem of philosophy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Cerebral blood flow measurement as an indicator of the haemodynamic severity of carotid artery disease in man.

The non-invasive xenon-133 inhalation technique was used to measure regional cerebral blood flow in 61 patients with cerebrovascular disease in whom carotid angiography had been performed before carotid endarterectomy or extracranial/intracranial arterial bypass were considered. Hemispheric cerebral blood flow (CBF) was significantly lower in patients with an ipsilateral internal carotid artery occlusion than in those with a patent vessel. CBF values were also influenced by disease of the contralateral carotid artery. The cerebrovascular response to hypercapnia was a more sensitive index of carotid disease; a significant reduction in CO2 responsiveness was found both with occlusion and stenosis of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery. These data suggest that CBF measurements may be clinically useful in selecting patients for angiography and surgery.

Arterial Occlusive Diseases↗
PubMed1984

Mutism following left hemisphere infarction.

A case of mutism due to left hemisphere infarction is described. Recovery revealed mild motor dysphasia. Review of the literature showed that the case resembles aphemia but is unique by virtue of its duration, and the absence of associated apraxia and paresis.

Aphasia↗
PubMed1982

Neurological involvement in legionellosis.

A study of the clinical, electrophysiological and biochemical features of 16 patients with legionellosis has been performed. Evidence of central and peripheral nervous system involvement has been found in the majority of patients. This is characterised by confusion out of keeping with the degree of toxic or metabolic upset, signs of anterior midline cerebellar dysfunction, grossly elevated creatinine kinase of skeletal muscle origin, and a subclinical peripheral neuropathy.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

The significance of the incidental finding of basal ganglia calcification on computed tomography.

Basal ganglia calcification was found as an incidental finding in 42 out of 7000 patients who underwent computed tomography. The calcification showed on plain skull radiography when the maximum density on computed tomography exceeded 100 Hounsfield units. The 26 patients with basal ganglia calcification detected on computed tomography who were available for follow-up, were investigated with matched controls. No clinical features of basal ganglia calcification were noted. Twenty-four patients had no significant metabolic abnormality and two patients had parathyroid disorder identified.

Basal Ganglia Diseases↗
PubMed1981

Studies of hypothalamic function in Huntington's chorea.

In eight patients with classical Huntington's chorea hypothalamic function was assessed by the insulin tolerance test, the thyrotrophin releasing hormone test, the gonadotrophin releasing hormone test and water deprivation and the results compared with those of 10 control subjects. All patients ceased to have choreiform movements for approximately 60 minutes during the insulin tolerance test. Four of the patients failed to show clinical features of stress in response to hypoglycaemia. The fasting blood glucose level and blood glucose response to insulin were similar for the two groups. However, the response of plasma cortisol (p less than 0.05) and of growth hormone (p less than 0.05) to hypoglycaemia was earlier in patients than controls, though peak responses were the same for each group. The thyrotrophin releasing hormone test revealed no difference in basal levels of thyroid stimulating hormone in either group, or in peak response to thyrotrophin releasing hormone or in the increment at 20 minutes. One of the patients had a delayed response typical of a hypothalamic disorder, whereas none of the controls had such a response. Mean free thyroxine index levels for each group were similar. There was no difference in basal prolactin level, or in the increment or in the peak level in response to thyrotrophin releasing hormone between each group as a whole or when the males and females were analysed separately. Because of small subgroups, the data from the gonadotrophin releasing hormone test were difficult to analyse, but no clear differences or obvious abnormalities emerged. Water deprivation revealed no evidence of inability to concentrate urine in either group and hence no indication of impaired antidiuretic hormone function. The study supports previous findings of altered hypothalamic function in patients with Huntington's chorea but further suggests that serotoninergic rather than dopaminergic mechanisms may be altered.

Adult↗