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Biomedical subjects

I Bjarnason

Publications and source records attributed to I Bjarnason.

156 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

A persistent defect in intestinal permeability in coeliac disease demonstrated by a 51Cr-labelled EDTA absorption test.

In the 24 h after ingestion of 100 microCi of 51Cr-labelled EDTA (edetic acid), controls (22) excreted less than 2.5% of the dose, whereas patients with coeliac disease in relapse (6) excreted between 4.7% and 14.7%. In 10 patients with coeliac disease in complete clinical and histological remission, excretion of 51Cr-labelled EDTA was between 3.0% and 12.7% of the dose. This indicates a persistent or primary defect of intestinal permeability in these patients and confirms previous in vitro results. The reproducibility, safety, simplicity, and accuracy of the procedure suggest that it may be suitable as a routine screening test for coeliac disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Absorption of 51chromium-labeled ethylenediaminetetraacetate in inflammatory bowel disease.

Intestinal permeability was assessed in patients with inflammatory bowel disease by measuring the urine excretion of 51chromium-labeled ethylenediaminetetraacetate over periods up to 24 h after oral administration. Twenty-eight control subjects and 10 patients with ulcerative colitis excreted less than 2.6% of the test dose in 24 h. Ten patients with small bowel Crohn's disease excreted 3.3%-14.0%, and 10 of 11 patients with ileocolonic involvement had increased excretion. At the same time, 5 of 11 patients with Crohn's colitis were clearly outside the normal range, suggesting small bowel involvement. The 24-h urine excretion of 51chromium-labeled ethyl-enediaminetetraacetate after oral administration appears to be a sensitive, noninvasive test for assessing small intestinal integrity, and may be a valuable adjuvant in the differential diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Mode of inheritance of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in Iceland. Echocardiographic study.

We used an abnormally thick interventricular septum (greater than or equal to 1.3 cm) as an echocardiographic marker to find the inheritance pattern of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy among relatives of eight patients who had that disease at necropsy. Forty normal subjects served as a control group. Fifty-eight family members were examined and 18 (41%) of the 44 first degree relatives had hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. The overall inheritance pattern was consistent with an autosomal dominant genetic disorder and in one family a recessive trait could be excluded. The diagnosis of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy can be difficult clinically as only 13% of our patients had serious symptoms and only 30% had abnormal auscultatory findings. The electrocardiogram is a useful screening test among relatives as it was abnormal in 20 (87%) of those who had an abnormally thick septum. Symmetric septal hypertrophy was found in 30% of patients with cardiomyopathy in this study and only 17% had clinical evidence of obstruction.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Cardiac arrhythmias in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.

This study was designed to assess the prevalence of cardiac arrhythmias in a group of relatives of patients who had come to necropsy with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Another aim of the study was to assess the validity of an interventricular septal thickness of 1.3 cm or more, measured by echocardiography, as a diagnostic criterion of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy among relatives of cases proven at necropsy. Fifty close relatives of eight deceased patients were examined. By the above definition 22 relatives had hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and 28 did not. A comparison of the prevalence and types of cardiac arrhythmias, as shown by 24 hour ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring, was made between the two groups and a third apparently healthy group of 40 people. The patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy showed a significant increase in supraventricular extrasystoles/24 hours, supraventricular arrhythmias, high grade ventricular arrhythmia, and the number of patients with more than 10 ventricular extrasystoles every 24 hours when compared with the other groups. There was no significant difference between normal relatives and controls. The prevalence and types of arrhythmia in these patients were similar to those found by other investigators using different diagnostic criteria. These results support the contention that these patients do indeed have hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and suggest that all close relatives of necropsy proven cases should be examined by echocardiography and subsequently by ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring if the interventricular septal thickness is 1.3 more.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Intestinal toxicity of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.

We review the adverse effect of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) on the small and large intestine. NSAIDs cause small intestinal inflammation in 65% of patients receiving the drugs long-term. The clinical implications of NSAID-induced enteropathy are that patients bleed and lose protein from the inflammatory site, contributing to iron deficiency and hypoalbuminemia, respectively. Some patients develop intestinal strictures, which may require surgery, and the occasional one may develop discrete ulcers with perforations. There are a number of therapeutic options available to treat the enteropathy and the attendant complications, including antibiotics, sulphasalazine and misoprostol. The colon, by comparison, is only rarely affected by NSAIDs, but colitis is well recognized and NSAIDs may be an important factor in diverticular complications and the relapse of inflammatory bowel disease. There is an association between NSAID intake and appendicitis in the elderly.

Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Vindaloo and you.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

3-O-Methylglucose↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Practical aspects of enteral nutrition in the management of Crohn's disease.

BACKGROUND: Enteral nutrition regimens achieve remission from active Crohn's disease at rates comparable to steroids and total parenteral nutrition. Despite their increasing use there has to date been no assessment of patient tolerance or practical difficulties involved. METHODS: We investigated 147 treatments with elemental diet in 89 patients and followed this with an anonymous questionnaire. RESULTS: Sip feeding was successfully introduced in 85% with nasogastric feeding being necessary in 22 (15%). Nausea and postural hypotension were common in the first week of treatment but vomiting was only seen in three patients who were sensitive to the formula used. Two patients each had caffeine withdrawal symptoms and hypoglycemia and a further four had food-related night terrors. Our experience suggests that caution is necessary if this treatment is used in elderly subjects. Although the diets are perceived as being unpalatable, only six patients found taste to be a problem after the first week of treatment. The main problem with long-term treatment was the large daily volume requirement, which was overcome by increasing the concentration of the feed. Eighty percent of patients responded to the questionnaire, and 65% stated that they would opt for treatment with elemental diet again in the case of a further relapse. CONCLUSIONS: Elemental diet seems to be an acceptable and well-tolerated form of treatment in Crohn's disease.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Gastroprotection and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS). Rationale and clinical implications.

There is no doubt that nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) cause gastrointestinal injury. The most serious consequences are gastric and duodenal ulcers which can cause bleeding and perforation, and which may lead to the premature death of 3000 to 4000 patients in the UK annually. The immediate actions of NSAIDs operate at a subcellular level; in particular altering of mitochondrial function which causes depletion of ATP and renders the cell vulnerable to oxidant stress. Secondary consequences follow, such as the inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis which delays cellular repair. While adaptation can be shown in volunteers despite continued NSAID ingestion, studies in patients suggest mucosal damage develops continuously and cumulatively even with low doses of aspirin. Histamine H2-receptor antagonists and proton pump inhibitors heal NSAID-related ulcers, though healing rates with H2-antagonists are slower in patients who continue NSAID treatment. They have little role in preventing damage. In addition to acid suppression, prostaglandin analogues cause bicarbonate secretion and enhance mucosal blood flow. They have a specific role in both prevention and treatment of NSAID-related damage. The use of misoprostol offers a rational approach to reduce the high prevalence of unwanted gastroduodenal damage from NSAIDs. On a purely financial basis more information is needed before routine coprescribing can be recommended. However, for any patient on NSAIDs with a previous ulcer or for patients aged over 60 years (where the risks and seriousness of complications are markedly increased), the use of misoprostol should be considered. Further developments in prostaglandin analogues may reduce their adverse effects and perhaps thereby improve their efficacy at symptom control.

Animals↗