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Biomedical subjects

I Bernstein

Publications and source records attributed to I Bernstein.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Current status of the biology and treatment of acute non-lymphocytic leukemia in children (report from the ANLL strategy group of the Children's Cancer Study Group.

Major advances have been made in the past 10 yr in both the understanding of the biologic characteristics of acute nonlymphocytic leukemia and in the treatment of patients with this disease. Advances in the biologic characteristics include: a better understanding of the nature of leukemic cell proliferation and differentiation; a clearer description of the morphological, histochemical, and ultrastructural characteristics of leukemic cells; a recognition that a high percentage of patients may have specific cytogenetic abnormalities; and a recognition that biochemical differences exist between acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL) and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Today, over 70% of children with ANLL can be induced into a complete remission and over 25% are remaining in a continuous remission for over 2 yr. In spite of these improved results, the best method of extending remissions is unknown. It is unlikely that better results of therapy will be achieved in the future by tailoring the treatment according to the biologic characteristics of the patient, since it appears that ANLL is a heterogeneous group of diseases.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1982

Serological and biochemical analysis of the PlA1 alloantigen of human platelets.

A solid phase platelet antibody assay has been developed which rapidly and sensitively detects PlA1 antibodies. The three-step assay is performed by: (1) adhering platelets to the wheels of a microtitre plate, (2) incubating the platelets with test serum, and (3) adding radiolabelled Staphylococcal protein A which binds to the Fc domain of IgG antibodies. Immune reactions are detected by overnight autoradiography. Characterization of the PlA1 antigen was performed by using PlA1 antisera in immune precipitation assays. A 90 000 dalton molecular weight species was precipitated from PlA1 positive human and dog platelets.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Human monoclonal antibody against Forssman antigen.

Hybrid cells formed between human lymphocytes and mouse myeloma cells produce human immunoglobulin in culture. Stable antibody-producing cell lines can be isolated after multiple cycles of low-density passage, cloning, and continued selection for immunoglobulin production. The origin and characteristics of a hybrid of human and mouse cells is described. This hybrid produces high concentrations (8.3 micrograms per milliliter) of human immunoglobulin M reactive with the terminal disaccharide of the Forssman glycolipid. These findings point to the potential use of human-mouse hybrid cells as a source of human monoclonal antibodies for therapeutic and diagnostic purposes.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Diabetic traction retinal detachment. Factors influencing final visual acuity.

A group of eyes with clear media and diabetic traction retinal detachments treated with vitreous surgery were statistically analyzed to identify those parameters that would allow us to improve case selection. The configuration of the retinal detachment proved to be important, with hammock and flat diffuse central detachments having a good prognosis, and highly elevated, atrophic detachments such as table-top and tent-shaped demonstrating a poor prognosis. Eyes with florid diabetic retinopathy did less well than those with more inactive forms of retinopathy. Preretinal membranectomy, although accompanied by an increased rate of iatrogenic retinal tears, has a definite role in the treatment of more complex traction detachments and increases the number of eyes that may benefit from surgery. Eyes with preoperative vision better than 5/200 did significantly better than eyes with poorer preoperative vision.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Retinal detachment and pseudophakia.

A consecutive series of pseudophakic retinal detachments was statistically compared with a matched group of aphakic retinal detachments. Distribution of breaks, anatomic results, and final visual acuities were tabulated. Success in reattachment was equal in the two groups, but final visual acuities were better in the aphakic group. Emphasis was placed on the intraoperative ophthalmoscopic examination of pseudophakic eyes with compromised peripheral fundus visibility.

Aphakia, Postcataract↗
PubMed1978

Preliminary results of combined surgery and adjuvant Bacillus Calmette-Guérin plus levamisole treatment of resectable lung cancer.

The administration of intrapleural bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) alone and intrapleural BCG plus levamisole was compared to placebo in patients with resectable, non-small cell cancer of the lung. This report is based on an interim analysis of 100 eligible patients with a median followup of 245 days. No significant treatment effects are apparent at the present time, although current trends are consistent with an approximate 30% reduction in recurrence rate in patients receiving intrapleural BCG. There is little evidence to suggest that the addition of levamisole will contribute to this effect. A relationship between purified protein derivative conversion and tumor recurrence is apparent. Failure to manifest purified protein derivative conversion following administration of intrapleural BCG is associated with a significantly greater risk of tumor recurrence.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1976

Immunity to tumor antigens: potential implications in human neuroblastoma.

Immune reactions to tumor-specific and tumor-associated antigens have been demonstrated in animals with neoplasms with in vitro and in vovo techniques. Some of the antigens detected in vitro induce transplantation resistance in vivo, while others do not. Human neuroblastoma cells cultivated in vitro have been shown to possess common antigens to which lymphocytes from neuroblastoma patients react. Whether it is possible to augment the immune reactivity of patients with neuroblastoma to these common antigens and, if so, whether this heightened immune reactivity would have clinically beneficial effects are as yet unknown. These reactions are complex, involving both cellular and humoral mechanisms. The fact that one type of immune response can be detected to one type of antigen present in a tumor in vitro does not necessarily mean that the immune response is effective in vivo. Responses to other tumor antigens may be deficient, or the immune response may be depressed. This may be due to active suppression of and/or selective deficiencies in critical cell populations required for an augmented immune response; this possibility may be evaluated with techniques allowing for in vitro sensitization to tumor antigens.

Animals↗
PubMed1970

Tumor immunity produced by the intradermal inoculation of living tumor cells and living Mycobacterium bovis (strain BCG).

The intradermal inoculation of mixtures containing living tumor cells and living Mycobacterium bovis (strain BCG) into unimmunized syngeneic guinea pigs results in an inflammatory reaction to the BCG, and there is no progressive tumor growth. In the absence of BCG the tumor grows progressively, metastasizes, and kills the animal. By conventional methods, it has not been possible to immunize syngeneic guinea pigs to the tumor used. Guinea pigs that receive mixtures of BCG and tumor cells, however, develop specific systemic tumor immunity as measured by delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity and by suppression of tumor growth.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Anesthetic management of a parturient with an incompletely resected cerebral arteriovenous malformation.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The anesthetic, neurosurgical, and obstetric literature regarding management of parturients with intracranial arteriovenous malformations is relatively sparse. A case report is given of a parturient, with a recent subtotal resection of a cerebral arteriovenous malformation, who presented for delivery of a viable male fetus. METHODS: The patient was scheduled for an elective labor induction, with early epidural analgesia advocated as a strategy to minimize the cardiovascular changes of labor and prevent involuntary Valsalva maneuvers. An elective instrumental delivery was planned when the fetal head had descended appropriately. RESULTS: Epidural analgesia was initiated when the patient reached 3 cm cervical dilation and provided excellent labor analgesia. After a passive fetal descent during the second stage of labor, Luikart-Simpson forceps were used to facilitate this stage. The newborn Apgar score was 9 at both 1 and 5 minutes after delivery. Both the patient and the infant have done well. CONCLUSIONS: The available obstetric and neurosurgical literature does not offer firm recommendations for the optimal route of fetal delivery or the timing of neurosurgical resection of an arteriovenous malformation in the parturient. Anesthetic management is predicated on the principles of minimizing the cardiovascular changes of labor and preventing involuntary Valsalva maneuvers during the second stage of labor. Both of these goals are readily accomplished with epidural anesthesia.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Use of combination adriamycin (NSC-123127) and DTIC (NSC-45388) in children with advanced stage IV neuroblastoma.

Adriamycin and DTIC were used in combination because of their reported effectiveness in neuroblastoma when administered as single agents and because of the poor survival rate of patients with this malignancy in its disseminated stage. Eighteen patients with previously treated stage IV neuroblastoma received this combination chemotherapy every 21 days. Two to eight courses were administered. Two partial and no complete remissions were seen. Mild to moderate gastrointestinal and hematologic toxicity was observed.

Child↗