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Biomedical subjects

I Bergman

Publications and source records attributed to I Bergman.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Postvaricella encephalitis.

A 9-year-old boy with varicella had an encephalitis with an unusually long and fluctuating course. Improvement in his deteriorating clinical condition coincided with the initiation of corticotropin therapy and the child recovered completely. Computed tomographic scan of the brain initially showed extensive areas of low absorption in white matter compatible with demyelination, which later resolved. These findings suggest that the pathologic changes of postvaricella encephalitis may be associated with a reversible demyelinative process.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMed1984

Effects of zimeldine, mianserin and amitriptyline on psychomotor skills and their interaction with ethanol a placebo controlled cross-over study.

13 healthy volunteers participated in a double-blind, four-period, cross-over study. In each period, the trial drugs (placebo, zimeldine, amitriptyline and mianserin) were given in fixed dosages for 8 days; amitriptyline 10-50 mg twice daily, mianserin 10-30 mg twice daily and zimeldine 200 mg once daily. Ethanol 1 g/kg bodyweight was drunk 2 hours after drug intake on Days 1 and 8 of each period, the latter being separated by a 2 week wash-out period. Ratings of subjective feelings and side effects, and performance tests were done on Days 1 and 8 of each period before, 1.5, 3 and 4.5 h after drug intake, i.e. 2 of the tests were performed under the influence of ethanol. Mianserin decreased critical flicker frequency, slowed reactions under discriminative stimulation and tended to cause nystagmus, but only on Day 1 (after the first 10 mg dose). Amitriptyline impaired coordination on Days 1 (after the initial 10 mg dose) and 8, and lowered the flicker threshold on Day 8 at "steady state" (after the 50 mg morning dose). Both these antidepressants were felt to be sedative, especially in the initial phase of the treatment, and they interacted additively with ethanol. No impairment of psychomotor skills was associated with zimeldine, only a subjective sedative effect of the 200 mg dose was seen on Day 1. Zimeldine did not enhance the effects of ethanol; it even showed some antagonism of ethanol-induced body sway in the standing steadiness test. In contrast to amitriptyline and mianserin, zimeldine was regarded as not harming psychomotor skills, and as not having any observable interaction with ethanol.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Connatal brain tumors in patients with tuberous sclerosis.

Two neonates with tuberous sclerosis and giant cell astrocytomas diagnosed soon after birth are described. During attempted surgical resection of their tumors, both infants developed refractory intraoperative cardiac arrhythmias and died. At autopsy, both patients had multiple cardiac rhabdomyomas. Subependymal giant cell astrocytomas rarely present in the neonate, but genetic implications and associated cardiac hamartomas warrant special consideration of these connatal tumors. Surgical considerations suggest that an operative approach to these tumors should be delayed beyond the neonatal period.

Astrocytoma↗
PubMed1983

Outcome in neonates with convulsions treated in an intensive care unit.

Neurological and developmental outcome was assessed in 131 survivors of neonatal seizures aged 1 to 5 years who had been treated in a single intensive care unit from 1976 to 1979. Half the children had been born at less than 37 weeks' gestational age, and 28% at 31 weeks or less. Fifty-one children were normal on examination, 17 had minor abnormalities, 25 had moderate disabilities, 30 had severe disabilities, 6 had died because of profound neurological deficits, and 2 could not be located. Recurrent nonfebrile seizures had developed in 26 children. Most children with motor handicaps or visual loss were intellectually retarded, but 10 of 15 children with bilateral hearing loss were intellectually normal. Of 77 children whose seizures were caused by a hypoxic-ischemic insult, 41 developed moderate or severe disabilities. As determined by multivariate analysis, significant neonatal predictors of poor outcome in this group included seizures with late onset, tonic seizures, and seizures lasting for many days. Although seizure frequency and neonatal mortality associated with seizures were greatest in very premature infants, the outcome in premature infants who survived was not significantly different from that of term infants.

Brain↗
PubMed1983

Alaproclate: a pharmacokinetic and biochemical study in patients with dementia of Alzheimer type.

Alaproclate, a specific inhibitor of neuronal serotonin re-uptake, was given to 12 patients with dementia of Alzheimer type. The drug was rapidly absorbed and an elimination half-life of 7.1 +/- 0.9 h (+/- SD, n = 8) was calculated. Plasma protein binding for alaproclate was 82 +/- 1%. Two weeks of repeated administration produced plasma concentrations of alaproclate similar to those predicted from a single dose. The pharmacological effect of the drug was demonstrated by an inhibition of serotonin uptake in the patients' platelets and a reduction of the serotonin concentration in blood. Global rating of clinical efficacy showed a positive effect of alaproclate in five of the patients, mainly regarding emotional functions.

Aged↗
PubMed1983

Childhood oligodendrogliomas presenting with seizures and low-density lesions on computed tomography.

Three children with cerebral oligodendrogliomas causing partial complex or generalized seizures presented with completely normal neurologic examinations. CT showed low-density, nonenhancing surface lesions. Although these CT features are usually associated with infarcts or cysts, neoplasm was suspected because of irregularity of the margins and erosion of the adjacent inner table of the skull. Oligodendrogliomas often enlarge slowly and may cause seizures years before they produce focal neurologic signs. CT of all children with seizures not responsive to anticonvulsant medication and focal clinical or EEG abnormalities will hasten diagnosis of slowly growing intracranial mass lesions.

Brain Neoplasms↗
PubMed1983

Epidural abscess and vertebral osteomyelitis following serial lumbar punctures.

Lumbar epidural abscess and vertebral osteomyelitis were diagnosed in a 3-month-old infant, born prematurely, who had had repeated lumbar punctures for the treatment of posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus. Staphylococcus aureus was the causative organism. Successful treatment was achieved with 6 weeks of intravenous antibiotics without surgical drainage. Infectious complications of lumbar punctures are rare, but may occur when multiple punctures are attempted in small premature infants whose subarachnoid space contains large amounts of blood. Infection can be introduced directly by a contaminated spinal needle, or trauma to the tissues with bleeding can create a favorable site for bacterial adherence and multiplication. Posthemorrhagic ventricular dilation often resolves spontaneously and serial lumbar punctures should be used to treat this condition only when CSF flow is easy to establish and maintain.

Abscess↗
PubMed1982

Neonatal seizures.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Anticonvulsants↗
PubMed1981

Electrochemical detector for breath hydrogen determination: measurement of small bowel transit time in normal subjects and patients with the irritable bowel syndrome.

A method is described for the measurement of hydrogen in expired air, using an electrochemical detector. The apparatus is simple to use and sensitive. Its application is illustrated by studies of small bowel transit time made by measuring the time between oral ingestion of the unabsorbable carbohydrate lactulose and a rise in the concentration of hydrogen in expired air. In 20 control subjects transit time was 93.0 +/- 6.6 minutes, while in 16 patients with diarrhoea due to the irritable bowel syndrome it was 54.1 +/- 6.3 minutes (P less than 0.001), suggesting an abnormality in small intestinal motility in these patients. Loperamide, a potent antidiarrhoeal agent, increased transit time in 12 of these patients from 56.3 +/- 6.7 to 100.0 +/- 10.2 minutes (P less than 0.001).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Glutaric acidemia: a metabolic disorder causing progressive choreoathetosis.

A boy with glutaric acidemia had psychomotor retardation first noted at age 6 months, recurrent metabolic acidosis, and a progressive quadriparesis with choreoathetosis. He died at age 3 1/2 years. Cultured skin fibroblasts lacked glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase activity. There was a biochemical, but not a clinical, response to dietary restriction of lysine and tryptophan. The caudate and putamen of the brain showed severe loss of nerve cells and fibers with proliferation of astrocytes, as well as markedly reduced gamma-aminobutyric acid and glutamate decarboxylase activity.

Acidosis↗
PubMed1978

Transfer of penicillin G and ampicillin into human skin blisters induced by suction.

The antibiotic concentrations in untreated and endotoxin-treated suction blisters was studied in 15 healthy adults. In a pilot study, 2 mega units of penicillin G were given as an intravenous bolus injection to two subjects. For further studies, a single dose of 800 mg bacampicillin was given orally to 13 individuals. The penicillin G concentrations in the blister fluid were highest approximately 15 minutes after the dose, and exceeded that of serum after 1.5 hours. With ampicillin the blister fluid concentration reached maximum levels after approximately 2 hours, were equal to serum levels after 3 hours, and were later persistently in excess of serum levels. The ampicillin half-life was 136 and 100 minutes in the two types of blister fluid, as compared to 65 minutes for serum. A marked differences between the antibiotic concentrations in inflammatory and non-inflammatory blisters was seen in the pilot study with penicillin G. However, in the experiments with bacampicillin, no significant difference was demonstrated. This suction blister technique appears to be a useful method for studies on extravascular antimicrobial activity in man.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

[Moulds of bakery dusts (author's transl)].

A total of 260 samples from bakery dusts were investigated. The samples were taken in the great part with the sedimentation-method. A large concentration of moulds was found in the meal-room. The fungal flora was here charcterized by species of Rhizopus nigricans, Mucor and Circinella. With a new volumetric sampler a total quantity of 8 680 fungus spores of particles in 1 m3 was registrated. By a re-examination we found 4473. In the baker's rooms besides moulds (Aspergillus, Penicillium etc.) the yeasts (Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Candida krusei) dominated. With the swab-method it was possible to found reservoirs of Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus ochraceus, and Aspergillus niger. In the small bakeries the fungus Endomycopsis burtonii (Trichosporon variable) was most isolated.

Air Microbiology↗