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Biomedical subjects

I Berger

Publications and source records attributed to I Berger.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Improvement of oral glucose tolerance in the dog by feeding trypsin inhibitor. Role of the enteroinsular axis.

The influence of oral trypsin inhibitor (TI) or vehicle (V) during 4 weeks on oral glucose tolerance (OGT) and on the enteroinsular axis (EIA) of insulin, CCK, and gastrin was studied in five beagles. TI improved OGT throughout the 180-min test period. Incremental areas of insulin and gastrin did not differ from 0 to 60 min after TI and V treatment, but both increased significantly from 60 to 180 min after TI. From 0 to 60 min CCK decreased significantly in the TI group, whereas the differences (delta) in hormone changes (insulin, CCK, gastrin) observed during oral and intravenous glucose showed a decrease for their incremental areas during this period. During the 60- to 180-min period this hormone spectrum was reversed into a non-significant increase. We suggest that TI pretreatment improves oral glucose tolerance, possibly owing to decreased intestinal glucose absorption (early test period), augmentation of the incretin effect (later test period), or some unidentified factor.

4-Aminobenzoic Acid↗
PubMed1988

Klippel-Feil anomaly with sacral agenesis: an additional subtype, type IV.

This report describes a child with the Klippel-Feil anomaly and sacral agenesis. A review of the literature revealed that this association has been recorded on other occasions. We believe that this combination of findings is significant and thus propose to call this the Klippel-Feil anomaly type IV.

Child↗
PubMed1987

Changes of N-6 and N-3 fatty acids in liver from spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) and normotensive rats after diets supplemented with alpha-linolenic or eicosapentaenoic acids.

In spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) and normotensive rats (WKY), diets supplemented with n-3 fatty acids of different chain length (alpha-linolenic acid, LNA-C 18:3, n-3 with linseed oil and eicosapentaenoic acid, EPA-C 20:5, n-3 with cod liver oil) were fed over a period of 22 weeks. A diet with commercially available pellets served as control. After the LNA-rich diet the augmentation of LNA was most pronounced in liver triglycerides (TG) and free fatty acids (FFA), whereas the increase of EPA was most marked in phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and phosphatidylcholine (PC) when compared with the controls. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) was decreased mainly in neutral lipids. Of the n-6 fatty acids linoleic acid (LA) appeared significantly depressed in TG and FFA, but increased in phospholipids. Arachidonic acid (AA), however, was lower in all lipids. In SHR and WKY fed the EPA-rich diet EPA and DHA were significantly higher as compared to the controls on a pellet diet. On the contrary, LNA was not detectable in all lipid classes. LA and AA were markedly depressed. Docosenoic acids were significantly increased. The p/s-ratio did not reflect the changes in the 20:5/20:4- and n-3/n-6-ratios. The data indicate a differential effect of dietary n-3 fatty acids of different chain length on the supply of other n-3 fatty acids. Moreover, after an LNA-rich diet divergent alterations of LA in neutral lipids and phospholipids occurred. The results are dissimilar to those obtained in adipose tissue. Blood pressure was not influenced by the diets in either SHR or WKY.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Integration of hepatitis B virus: analysis of unoccupied sites.

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) sequences integrated in the PLC/PRF/5 cell line (Alexander cells), which was derived from a human primary liver carcinoma, were previously extensively studied. Here we describe the analysis of the unoccupied sites of two linearly integrated forms of HBV DNA, AL-14 and AL-26, that were characterized previously. No major cellular DNA rearrangements were seen at the integration sites except for small deletions of host sequences: 2 kilobases of DNA in AL-14 and 17 base pairs (bp) in AL-26. The unoccupied site of AL-26 was found to be missing 182 bp, which previously mapped next to the right end of the integration sites of several independent clones. These were believed to be of cellular origin, but we show here that these 182 bp are in fact from unusual HBV sequences. Surprisingly, a region of this newly detected HBV DNA sequence is more homologous to that of woodchuck HBV DNA. Our analysis shows that the normal counterparts of both AL-14 and AL-26 contain minisatellite-like repetitive sequences. Based on the data presented here and our previous finding of HBV DNA integration at satellite sequences, we propose that genomic simple repetitive sequences are hot spots for HBV DNA integration.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1986

Long-term effect of mackerel diet on blood pressure, serum lipids and thromboxane formation in patients with mild essential hypertension.

Twelve male patients with mild essential hypertension were put on a diet supplemented with 2 cans of mackerel/day (= 2.2 g daily of eicosapentaenoic acid, EPA, C20:5 n-3 and 2.8 g daily of docosahexaenoic acid, DHA, C22:6 n-3) for 2 weeks within an isocaloric regimen and then with 3 cans/week (= 3.3 g/week, equivalent to 0.47 g daily of EPA and 4.2 g/week, equivalent to 0.69 g daily of DHA) for 8 months with a subsequent period of 2 months on normal diet. Eleven male hypertensives matched for age, body weight index, blood pressure and serum lipids with no change in their nutritional habits served as controls. After the first dietary period (2 weeks) a significant decrease of serum triglycerides (TG), total and LDL-cholesterol, blood pressure and thromboxane B2 (TxB2) was found, whereas HDL cholesterol and potassium in erythrocytes were significantly increased. During the second dietary period (8 months) providing the lower dose of EPA, serum lipids and the other biochemical parameters returned to the initial values. Blood pressure, however, remained significantly lower and rose to the basal levels only after the third period (2 months) on normal diet. In the control group no alterations could be seen. The data suggest a dose-related differential effect of dietary EPA on serum lipids, lipoproteins, TxB2 and blood pressure in subjects with mild hypertension.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Different changes of n-6 and n-3 fatty acids in adipose tissue from spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) and normotensive rats after diets supplemented with linolenic or eicosapentaenoic acids.

In spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) and normotensive rats of the Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) and Wistar-Schönwalde (WSCHOE) strain, diets supplemented with n-3 fatty acids of different chain length (alpha-linolenic acid, LNA--C 18:3, n-3 with linseed oil and eicosapentaenoic acid, EPA--C 20:5, n-3 with cod liver oil) were fed over a period of 22 weeks. After the LNA-rich diet, among the long-chain n-3 fatty acids EPA in epididymal adipose tissue remained unchanged, whereas docosapentaenoic (DPA) and docosahexaenoic acids (DHA) fell. The n-6 fatty acids linoleic (LA) and arachidonic acid (AA) both appeared decreased. After the EPA-rich diet, all n-3 fatty acids, i.e. not only EPA, DPA and DHA, but also LNA were augmented when compared with controls fed commercially available pellets. Among the n-6 fatty acids LA was extremely depressed, whereas AA appeared increased. The p/s-ratio was elevated after the LNA-rich diet, but decreased after the EPA-rich diet. The data indicate a differential effect of dietary n-3 fatty acids of different chain length on the supply of other n-3 fatty acids, of LA and AA as well as on the p/s-ratio in adipose tissue of rats. Blood pressure was not influenced by either diet in either SHR or in both normotensive strains of rats.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1986

Slow desaturation and elongation of linoleic and alpha-linolenic acids as a rationale of eicosapentaenoic acid-rich diet to lower blood pressure and serum lipids in normal, hypertensive and hyperlipemic subjects.

In normal, hypertensive and hyperlipemic subjects, diets supplemented with linoleic acid (LA) or alpha-linolenic acid (LNA) resulted in an increase of the corresponding fatty acids in serum lipids. However, their C20-derivatives, the prostaglandin precursors arachidonic acid (AA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), respectively, were not or only slightly augmented. On the other hand, an EPA-rich diet produced a marked increase of this fatty acid, especially in cholesterol esters. After this diet the decreases of blood pressure and serum lipids were more pronounced when compared with LA- and LNA-rich diets containing a 20-fold higher dose of the polyunsaturated fatty acids. The slow formation of AA and EPA from LA and LNA seems to be a characteristic finding in humans, being different from preferred laboratory animals, for instance, rats. This observation was independent of the presence of risk factors, like arterial hypertension or hyperlipoproteinemia (HLP).

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Blood pressure- and lipid-lowering effect of mackerel and herring diet in patients with mild essential hypertension.

Fourteen male patients with mild essential hypertension were put on a mackerel and herring diet within a prescribed isocaloric regimen in a cross-over design for 2 weeks. After mackerel diet eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA-C20:5, n-3) appeared more in cholesterol esters (1.7-11.0%), whereas docosahexaenoic acid (DHA-C22:6, n-3) was predominantly incorporated into serum triglycerides (1.0-8.3%). After herring diet, which contained half as much EPA and DHA, their increase was of minor degree. After mackerel diet serum triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and lecithin cholesterol acyl transferase (LCAT) activity were significantly decreased (by 28%, 9%, 14% and 14%, respectively), returning to the initial levels 3 months later. On the contrary, HDL cholesterol appeared significantly increased (by 12%). After herring diet the differences were not significant. Serum sodium was significantly lower (by 2%) at the end of the mackerel diet as compared to the initial values. On the other hand, uric acid in serum appeared transiently increased (by 24%) at the end of both dietary periods. A significant decrease (by 8%) in casual systolic blood pressure, measured in recumbent position, could be observed only at the end of the mackerel period. Moreover, the level of systolic and diastolic blood pressure before and during a standardized psychophysiological stress test was significantly lower after mackerel diet. Nevertheless, the increments after stress were similar. Plasma renin activity was increased (by 64%) after mackerel diet.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Influence on serum lipids, lipoproteins and blood pressure of mackerel and herring diet in patients with type IV and V hyperlipoproteinemia.

Eight patients with type IV and V hyperlipoproteinemia were put on a mackerel and herring diet of an isocaloric regimen for 2 weeks, in a cross-over design. At the end of the dietary periods a predominant increase of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA - C20:5, n-3) in cholesterol esters and of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA - C22:6, n-3) in serum triglycerides, being more pronounced after mackerel as compared to herring diet, could be confirmed. After mackerel diet serum triglycerides and total cholesterol were significantly lower, returning to basal levels 3 months later. High density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol appeared slightly increased after mackerel diet and decreased to initial values thereafter. After herring diet, which contained half as much EPA as compared to mackerel diet, the differences were minor. The decline of free fatty acids (FFA) and insulin at the end of the mackerel period reached the level of significance 60 min and 120 min, respectively, after glucose load. A significantly lower systolic blood pressure in recumbent and upright position after the mackerel period could be found, whereas diastolic pressure and blood pressure after herring diet remained unchanged.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Changes of blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats dependent on the quantity and quality of fat intake.

The effect of diets rich or deficient in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) on blood pressure of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and normotensive Wistar rats (WR) was studied. The diets contained either sunflower oil (PUR-SOL), linseed oil (PUR-LIN), cod-liver oil or hydrogenated palm-kernel oil (PUFA-deficient) amounting to 15 or 3 weight percent of fat. They were started at weaning (4 weeks of age) for 22 weeks or prenatally one week before mating of the parents. During the development of hypertension in SHR, systolic blood pressure was decreased in animals of all dietary groups fed 15% fat when compared to SHR on normal food (pellets), i.e. independent of the various diets loaded, all diets containing 15% fat led to a marked delay in the onset of high blood pressure as compared to SHR on normal pellet food. After manifestation of hypertension, obviously a more differentiated effect on blood pressure could be shown in SHR in dependence on different amounts of PUFA loaded. In normotensive Wistar rats (WR) after feeding linseed oil or sunflower oil also a significant lowering in blood pressure could be observed in comparison to controls fed pellets. But after feeding cod-liver oil there was no decrease in blood pressure of normotensive Wistar rats, whereas palm-kernel oil resulted in a blood pressure lowering effect only at the later age of normotensive Wistar rats. Moreover, in SHR after prenatal feeding of a LA-rich, but also a PUFA-deficient diet the blood pressure lowering effect was more pronounced as compared to postnatal feeding of the diets. SHR fed a 15% fat diet showed a significantly lower body weight in comparison to SHR fed a 3% fat diet. In both dietary groups SHR were significantly smaller than SHR fed pellets. In WKY fed a 3% or a 15% fat diet the same body weight could be confirmed. Food intake in SHR fed a 3% fat diet ad libitum appeared higher than in SHR fed a 15% fat diet ad libitum. However, considering the uptake of energy no differences between the groups could be seen. Therefore, in SHR fed a 15% fat diet, body weight and blood pressure were lowest when compared with the other groups of SHR indicating that body weight in SHR might be nearly connected with blood pressure level.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Age Factors↗
PubMed1980

High postheparin lipolytic activity as a possible cause of hypotriglyceridemia in spontaneously hypertensive rats.

In male spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and normotensive Wistar rats at 4, 8 and 20 weeks of age the postheparin lipolytic activity (PHLA) has been estimated. PHLA was significantly higher in all SHR than in age- and weight-matched controls, although it decreased with advancing age in both groups. The data are discussed with regard to hyperinsulinemia and hypotriglyceridemia in SHR ascertained by a previous study. It is assumed that in young SHR catecholamine-induced lipolysis provokes impaired glucose tolerance and higher insulin response after glucose load. Insulin enhancement can stimulate PHLA via increased synthesis of lipoprotein lipase. The resulting augmented uptake of triglycerides by adipose tissue is suggested to be a beneficial (adaptive?) mechanism to compensate a primary increase of lipolysis. The well-known lower adipose cell size and body weight in SHR in comparison to age-related normotensive control rats might indicate that this mechanism is insufficient to balance the triglyceride supply in these animals.

Animals↗