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Biomedical subjects

I Barker

Publications and source records attributed to I Barker.

53 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Anaesthetists' attitudes to parental presence at induction of general anaesthesia in children.

Attitudes of anaesthetists of various grades working in different types of hospital in England and Wales, to parental presence in the anaesthetic room during induction of anaesthesia in children were assessed by means of a postal questionnaire. Of the 300 questionnaires sent out, 244 (82%) were completed. The majority of anaesthetists were in favour of parental presence in the anaesthetic room for induction of anaesthesia in children over the age of 1 year undergoing routine day case surgery. A small but significant number expressed reservations about some aspects of parental presence. The grade of anaesthetist and type of hospital did not appear to influence the response.

Ambulatory Surgical Procedures↗
PubMed1992

Molecular analysis of a resistance-breaking strain of potato virus X.

Full-length cDNA clones of potato virus X (PVX) strains PVXUK3 and PVXHB have been constructed in plasmid vectors to allow in vitro transcription of infectious PVX RNA. In both instances the transcript-derived virus infected tobacco and potato identically to the respective progenitor strains: in tobacco and susceptible potato cultivars both strains infected systemically, producing symptomless or mild mosaic symptoms. In potato carrying the Rx or Nx resistance genes, the virus derived from the PVXHB cDNA infected systemically, whereas the virus derived from the PVXUK3 cDNA failed to infect the Rx plants or induced apical necrosis, characteristic of a hypersensitive response of the Nx gene. Three hybrid viral genomes were constructed at the cDNA level to localize the resistance breaking determinants of PVXHB. Transcripts of all three hybrids were infectious on tobacco. On potato cultivars with either the Rx or Nx resistance genes, the hybrid viruses infected in the same way as PVXHB, rather than PVXUK3. The common feature of these hybrid viruses, the coat protein gene, is therefore the determinant of Nx and Rx resistance breaking of PVXHB.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1992

Pharmacokinetics of lignocaine in children after infiltration for cleft palate surgery.

We have studied the pharmacokinetics of lignocaine in children after local infiltration for cleft palate surgery. After induction of anaesthesia, lignocaine 2.5 mg kg-1 with adrenaline 1:200,000 was injected into the palate. Blood samples were collected before and at 2, 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 60 and 120 min after infiltration. Plasma concentrations of lignocaine were measured by a gas-liquid chromatographic technique. There were no signs of systemic toxicity on routine monitoring of the patients and the peak plasma concentrations were less than the accepted toxic values. Mean half-life was 72.9 (SEM 9.9) min, similar to that found previously in adults and children. However differences in mean clearance (24.6 (2.04) ml kg-1 min-1) and volume of distribution (0.80 (0.07) litre kg-1) were found between this and previous studies.

Anesthesia, General↗
PubMed1991

Purchasing for people.

Newcastle Health Authority is taking a consumer-led approach to its purchasing activity. Here Ingrid Barker argues that user participation is vital to the success of the purchasing role and the achievement of relevant contracts for services. Newcastle's own progress in establishing consumer groups to inform purchasers is described and some indications are given of future directions.

Community Participation↗
PubMed1989

Measurement of lattice parameter and strain using convergent beam electron diffraction.

A brief review is presented of the methods of measuring lattice parameters and strain using diffraction techniques. The presence of strain leads to broadening of diffraction maxima, which is normally separable from any broadening caused by size. The special advantages of the convergent beam electron diffraction (CBED) technique is the local nature from which the data are derived. Examples of the use of CBED techniques in measuring lattice parameters and strain are given from studies of precipitation (including misfit measurements) and from investigations of partially recrystallised microstructures. These examples are used to illustrate the advantages and limitations of the CBED technique.

Crystallography↗
PubMed1987

Day-case herniotomy in children. A comparison of ilio-inguinal nerve block and wound infiltration for postoperative analgesia.

Forty-nine boys scheduled for day-case inguinal herniotomy were studied to compare ilio-inguinal nerve block and wound infiltration for postoperative analgesia. Both techniques were simple to perform and produced no complications. In the ilio-inguinal block group, 100% had either no pain or very mild discomfort when assessed 60 minutes after return to the day unit, compared to 95% in the infiltration group. Some children did appear to have pain following discharge but in all cases this responded well to simple analgesics. We conclude that both techniques provide satisfactory analgesia whilst the complications of narcotics are avoided, and suggest that simple infiltration of the wound with local anaesthetic solution should be encouraged in paediatric anaesthesia.

Ambulatory Surgical Procedures↗
PubMed1986

I.v. sedation for conservative dentistry. A comparison of midazolam and diazepam.

Midazolam and the emulsion formulation of diazepam were compared in a cross-over study in 50 patients undergoing out-patient conservative dentistry, with particular regard to sedation and the quality of recovery. Both agents proved effective, but sedation was achieved more rapidly with midazolam (P = 0.001) and was more effective (P less than 0.02). Significantly greater anterograde amnesia for the dental procedure (P less than 0.001) and a more rapid return to normal activities (P less than 0.02) were found with midazolam. Psychometric testing, however, failed to show any objective differences between the treatments. A mean dose of midazolam 0.14 mg kg-1 was required to achieve sedation equating to 0.29 mg kg-1 of diazepam, although there was considerable variation between individual patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Influence of meclofenamic acid on the initiation of parturition and lactation in the sow.

The effect of inhibition of prostaglandin (PG) synthesis on the initiation of parturition was studied in 4 groups of 16 sows each. Oral administration of meclofenamic acid (5.0 mg/kg body weight/day) on Days 112, 113 and 114 of pregnancy significantly delayed parturition compared to controls (P less than 0.001). Exogenous PGF-2 alpha after meclofenamic acid treatment synchronized parturition 20.4 +/- 1 h later. Functional luteolysis as indicated by a decline in maternal progesterone levels began during meclofenamic acid treatment; the fall in progesterone was then arrested in sows treated only with meclofenamic acid. Meclofenamic acid treatment in late pregnancy modified the normal initiation of lactation, as indicated by the high concentration of lactose and low concentrations of protein and Na+ in colostrum in treated sows compared to controls. We suggest that PG synthesis is required for the initiation of parturition in the sow and that luteal regression may involve two stages: the first which may be independent of prostaglandin, and the second, dependent on prostaglandin.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Ovulation rate at first mating and reproductive performance of gilts.

Laparoscopy was used to estimate ovulation rate at first mating in 460 Large White/Landrace gilts. For 385 gilts which farrowed litter size was recorded and the relationships between age and mating, maternal litter size, ovulation rate and reproductive performance were examined. The mean ovulation rate of the gilts which farrowed was 10.9 +/- 0.14 corpora lutea and the mean first litter size was 8.0 +/- 0.12 piglets born with 7.5 greater than or equal to +/- 0.13 born alive. Ovulation rate was related to first litter size (r = 0.29, P < 0.001) but embryo loss was the major factor determining litter size, accounting for about 58% of the variation. None of the variable examined at the time of mating was sufficiently correlated with litter size to be useful as selection criteria for improving reproductive performance.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Esophageal replacement in the dog by microvascular colon transfer.

An orthotopic colon graft based on the middle colic artery and vein was implanted with microvascular technique and a stapling instrument in five dogs. The grafts were successful in four dogs. A similar colon autograft was used to replace the entire thoracic esophagus in five dogs. The recipient vessels were the left carotid artery and left external jugular vein. Four of the grafts failed because of kinking and thrombosis of the arterial supply (2 dogs) or the venous outflow (2 dogs). One graft, which had a viable vascular supply, developed a severe leak at the colon-to-stomach anastomosis, and the dog was euthanatized on day 3. The recipient vascular pedicle was modified and used successfully to replace a portion of the cervical esophagus in three dogs. The grafts survived, the dogs could swallow liquids and semisolid food well, and, at necropsy after 4 weeks, the anastomotic sites were well healed. The graft sites contained essentially normal colon mucosa.

Anastomosis, Surgical↗