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Biomedical subjects

I Baird

Publications and source records attributed to I Baird.

10 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1987

Comparative efficacy and safety of ceftizoxime, cefotaxime and latamoxef in the treatment of bacterial pneumonia in high risk patients.

One hundred and thirty-five patients with bacterial pneumonia who had risk factors (alcoholism, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, corticosteroid therapy diabetes mellitus, advanced age, solid tumours) were randomly allocated in a double-blind fashion to receive either ceftizoxime (2-4 g every 8 h), cefotaxime (1-2 g every 4 h), or latamoxef (2-4 g every 8 h). Of the 84 patients evaluable for efficacy, clinical cure was achieved in 91%, 85%, and 89% of ceftizoxime- (20/22), cefotaxime-(23/27), and latamoxef-treated (31/35) patients, respectively. Adverse reactions occurred in one of 45 ceftizoxime-treated patients, one of 43 cefotaxime-treated patients, and seven of 47 latamoxef-treated patients. Abnormal laboratory values during therapy were seen in 50% of latamoxef-treated and 43% of cefotaxime-treated patients and in 29% of ceftizoxime-treated patients. Hypoprothrombinaemia occurred in five latamoxef-treated patients and one of these patients experienced an episode of haematemesis. In this study, ceftizoxime, cefotaxime, and latamoxef were similarly effective; however, the incidence of side effects was most frequent with latamoxef.

Aged↗
PubMed1983

Cefoperazone versus cefamandole in the treatment of acute bacterial lower respiratory tract infections.

In a randomized comparative study, 113 patients were treated with cefoperazone or cefamandole for acute bacterial lower respiratory tract infections. Most patients had Streptococcus pneumoniae or Haemophilus influenzae infections, although five patients in the cefoperazone group had infections caused by other Gram-negative bacilli (two with Pseudomonas aeruginosa). The clinical responses and adverse effects were not significantly different between the two treatment groups. Satisfactory clinical responses occurred in 36/39 (92%) of evaluable patients in the cefoperazone group and 33/34 (97%) of evaluable patients treated with cefamandole. Two failures in the cefoperazone group were secondary to superinfection (Acinetobacter and Ps. aeruginosa). Bacteriological and symptomatic failure occurred in one patient with Ps. aeruginosa lung abscess treated with cefoperazone and in one patient with a polymicrobial empyema treated with cefamandole. The results of this study indicate that cefoperazone is safe and effective in the therapy of acute bacterial lower respiratory tract infections.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1979

Nosocomial Legionnaires' disease in Columbus, Ohio.

Three patients with severe pneumonia at a community hospital in Columbus, Ohio, were found to have Legionnaires' disease in late August 1977. A subsequent serologic survey of patients with pneumonia at this hospital identified three additional cases. Among patients with pneumonia, hospital exposure in the 2 weeks before onset of illness was significantly associated with Legionnaires' disease (P = 0.003). Serosurveys of hospital employees with a recent history of upper respiratory illness, healthy employees, and workers at the hospital construction site showed that one of 101, one of 107, and none of 114, respectively, has a single reciprocal titer of greater than or equal to 256 to the Legionnaires' disease (LD) bacterium. Serosurveys of patients with pneumonia at three control hospitals identified five additional patients with Legionnaires' disease, three of them with pneumonia that was apparently hospital acquired in a single renal transplant unit. A fourth patient from that unit without clinical illness had a fourfold rise in titer to LD bacterium.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Cerebrospinal fluid lymphocyte transformations in meningitis.

Cerebrospinal fluid lymphocytes from 13 patients with nonsuppurative meningitis were cultured with antigens derived from Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Sporotrichum schenckii, and herpes simplex. When CSF lymphocytes from five patients with infections associated with these organisms were incubated with "correct" antigen there was increased incorporation of thymidine. The levels were higher than those seen when the cells were incubated with different antigens or when CSF lymphocytes from patients with other causes for their meningitis were cultured with these antigens. A compartmentalization of antigen-specific cells was suggested as CSF lymphocytes had greater stimulation than did peripheral blood lymphocytes from the same patient when incubated with the correct antigen. Transformational assays of CSF lymphocytes may provide a valuable diagnostic aid in certain cases of chronic meningitis.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Ecological analysis of an intervention study of smoking cessation in medical practices.

This study began as an investigation of the feasibility of a brief, multifaceted primary care smoking cessation intervention in two primary care medical settings. When the investigators experienced a series of problems and setbacks in implementing the protocol in both settings, they turned their attention to the ecological disturbances created in the health care settings when outside researchers intervened. This paper analyzes the interaction patterns that complicated the research enterprise, particularly the triangles among the research team, the nurses, and the physicians. It also describes steps taken by the research team to deal with these ecological/systems problems. The authors raise these issues to help other researchers who encounter similar problems in community-based research, problems which are rarely discussed in the research literature.

Cooperative Behavior↗