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Biomedical subjects

I Azuma

Publications and source records attributed to I Azuma.

At least 307 records · Page 17Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

Regulation of antibody response in different immunoglobulin classes. VI. Selective suppression of IgE response by administration of antigen-conjugated muramylpeptides.

The suppressive effect of antigen-conjugated muramylpeptides or 6-O-mycoloyl muramylpeptides selectively on the induction of IgE antibody response was demonstrated. Preadministration of DNP-mycoloyl muramylpeptides completely inhibited the induction of the anti-DNP IgE antibody response with DNP-ovalbumin (DNP-OA). The selective suppression of the IgE response was due to the induction of DNP-specific suppressor T cells by DNP-mycoloyl muramylpeptides, and the suppressor cells were shown to be radiosensitive. Preadministration of OA-conjugated muramylpeptides partially inhibited the primary and secondary induction of an anti-OA IgE antibody response. The suppressor effect was also due to the induction of OA-specific suppressor T cells. Application of allergen-conjugated muramylpeptides as therapeutic agents in human allergic diseases was suggested.

Acetylmuramyl-Alanyl-Isoglutamine↗
PubMed1979

Comparative study on antitumor effect of cell-wall skeleton of Mycobacterium bovis BCG and Nocardia rubra, with reference to T-cell dependency and independency.

Antitumor activity induced by the oil-attached cell-wall skeleton of Nocardia rubra (N-CWS) was compared with that of the oil-attached cell-wall skeleton of Mycobacterium bovis BCG (BCG-CWS) in syngeneic BALB/c tumor-host systems. In normal BALB/c mice (+/+), N-CWS exhibited stronger suppressive effect on syngeneic Br-1 and MCA tumors than did BCG-CWS. In athymic nude mice (nu/nu), BCG-CWS was as effective as N-CWS for the suppression of growth of such tumors. Suppressive effect of N-CWS treatment appears to be stronger to some extent in +/+ mice than in nu/nu mice. Immune spleen cells obtained from +/+ mice after footpad inoculation of MCA tumor cells mixed with N-CWS were effective in suppressing the MCA tumor growth, although those obtained from mice after inoculation of MCA tumor cells mixed with BCG-CWS did not exhibit a suppressive effect. This antitumor activity of immune spleen cells may be attributed to tumor-specific killer T cells. The differences of antitumor activities induced by these agents were discussed with reference to T-cell dependency and independency.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Activation of peritoneal macrophages by oil-attached cell-wall skeleton of BCG and Nocardia rubra.

The effect of oil-attached cell-wall skeletons of BCG (BCG-CWS) and Nocardia rubra (N. rubra-CWS) on macrophage functions was examined regarding phagocytosis of zymosan particles, uptake of 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-dG), and cytostatic activity against syngeneic tumor cells. A single intraperitoneal injection of either BCG-CWS or N. rubra-CWS in mice resulted in accumulation of a large number of macrophages in the peritoneal cavity. They demonstrated, in vitro, a significant cytostatic effect on target cells as well as increase in phagocytic activity and uptake of 2-dG. These results suggest that one of underlying mechanisms for the antitumor activity of BCG-CWS and N. rubra-CWS is possibly the activated macrophage-mediated system.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Antitumor activity of cell-wall skeleton of Propionibacterium acnes C7 in mice and guinea pigs.

The antitumor activity of the cell-wall skeleton (CWS) of Propionibacterium acnes C7 was examined by using transplantable tumors in syngeneic mice and in guinea pigs, and autochthonous tumors in mice. P. acnes-CWS was shown to suppress the growth of fibrosarcomas, EL4 leukemia, and MH134 hepatoma in syngeneic mice, and to regress the established tumors of a fibrosarcoma (MC104) in C57BL/6J mice, and a hepatoma (line-10) in strain-2 guinea pigs. The oil-attached P. acnes-CWS mixed with fructose mycolate was effective for suppression of the autograft of fibrosarcoma in mice. The repeated intralesional injections of suspension of P. acnes-CWS in phosphate-buffered saline was effective for prolongation of survival period of mice bearing 3-methylcholanthrene-induced fibrosarcoma. The test results on the cell fractions of P. acnes indicated that the CWS, but not the cytoplasmic or glucan fraction, of P. acnes had anti-tumor activity. The activation of peritoneal macrophages of mice was observed when P. acnes-CWS, but not the cytoplasmic fraction, was injected intraperitoneally 4 days before. The relationship between the cytolytic activity of peritoneal macrophages and antitumor activities of P. acnes-CWS was also discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Effect of Nocardia rubra cell-wall skeleton on the induction of lung cancer in ACI/N rats.

Administration of oil-attached Nocardia rubra cell-wall skeleton (N. rubra-CWS) was evaluated for the effect of the induction of lung cancers in ACI/N rats. Lung cancers were induced by 15 weekly intratracheal instillations of 3 mg benzo[a]-pyrene with 3 mg ferric oxide. After the 10th instillation of the carcinogen, rats received seven subcutaneous injections of 100 microgram of N. rubra-CWS at 2-week intervals. In the observation period of 56 weeks, the cumulative incidence of lung cancer was 71.4% in the control group and 48.0% in the N. rubra-CWS treated group. The latent period of tumor induction was prolonged in the group treated with N. rubra-CWS.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Association of macrophage activation with antitumor effect on rat syngeneic fibrosarcoma by Nocardia rubra cell wall skeleton.

The antitumor activities of the cell wall skeleton (CWS) of Nocardia rubra were demonstrated for syngeneic fibrosarcoma (AMC-60) in ACI/N rats in regard to macrophage activation. In the 24-hr cytolytic test, activated macrophages which were fractionated from peritoneal exudate cells induced by i.p. injection of Nocardia CWS showed significant cytolytic activity for [125I]iododeoxyuridine-labeled tumor cells. Activated macrophages also strongly inhibited [3H]thymidine incorporation into the tumor cells during the 24-hr cytostatic test. When tumor cells were inoculated s.c. with activated macrophages in the Winn-type transfer assay, subsequent tumor growth was significantly inhibited. Repeated i.p. injection of the CWS seemed to enhance these antitumor activities of macrophages. The therapeutic effect of Nocardia CWS was assessed with the ascites tumor and with the solid tumor inoculated i.m. into the hind leg. In the former treatment, repeated i.p. injections completely prevented the accumulation of ascites fluid and resulted in prolongation of the survival period. The peritoneal macrophages harvested from these survivors had a strong cytolytic activity for tumor cells in the cytolytic test. In the latter treatment, repeated intratumoral injections inhibited the growth of primary tumor and prevented metastasis. Furthermore, peritoneal resident macrophages from these tumor-bearing rats treated intratumorally with the CWS were found to be cytolytic for tumor cells in the cytolytic test.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Adjuvant activity of synthetic 6-O-"mycoloyl"-N-acetylmuramyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutamine and related compounds.

Adjuvant and antitumor activities of synthetic 6-O-"mycoloyl"-N-acetylmuramyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutamine were examined. All the synthetic 6-O-corynomycoloyl-, 6-O-mocardomycoloyl-, and 6-O-mycoloyl-N-acetylmuramyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutamine were active as adjuvants for cell-mediated immune responses. However, 6-O-mycoloyl-N-acetylmuramyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutamine was less active as an adjuvant on circulating antibody formation. It was shown that pyrogenic activity of N-acetylmuramyldipeptide was reduced by 6-O-acylation with mycolic acid, but not with nocardomycolic or corynomycolic acid. Tumor-suppression activity was observed by the synthetic 6-O-mycoloyl-N-acetylmuramyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutamine by using transplantable tumor in syngenic mice.

Acetylmuramyl-Alanyl-Isoglutamine↗
PubMed1978

Effect of oil-attached BCG cell-wall skeleton and thymectomy on the incidence of lung cancer and amyloidosis induced by chemical carcinogens in rabbits.

Intravenous injection of oil-attached BCG cell-wall skeleton showed potent preventive activity for induction of lung cancer by the intrabronchial instillation of chemical carcinogens (3-methylcholanthrene, 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide) in rabbits. On the other hand, the thymectomized rabbits developed lung cancer by instillation of chemical carcinogens at an 80% incidence, compared to 47.2% in the controls. There were no differences in the appearance of amyloidosis between thymectomized and BCG cell-wall skeleton-treated rabbits and the controls.

4-Nitroquinoline-1-oxide↗
PubMed1978

The effect of ubiquinone-7 and its metabolites on the immune response. IV. Chemical structure-adjuvant activity relationship of quinonyl derivatives on humoral immune response.

The effects of the emulsion of quinonyl acids (QS-n, ES-n, KS-n) and related compounds (QSA-n) in Freund's incomplete adjuvant on the humoral immune response to bacterial alpha-amylase were assayed, and their structure-adjuvant activity relationships were discussed. All the quinonyl acids tested (500 microgram/mouse) enhanced the humoral immune response two to seven times as much as that of the control group, five weeks after immunization. 3'-Methyl and 2', 3'-double bond in the carboxy side chains of ubiquinone metabolites (Q acid-I, -II) were not essential for the adjuvant activity. The conversion of methoxyls on the quinone ring into methyls, and that of benzoquinone into phenol also did not affect the activity, but the activity seemed to depend on the carbon number of the carboxy side chain, and the prominent adjuvant activity was observed in the carboxylates having the carboxyalkyl chain of five to seven carbons. High doses (1 or 5 mg/mouse) of ubiquinone-7 and -2 enhanced the humoral immune response two to three times as much as that of the control group, and quinonyl alcohols (QSA-n) enhanced that with low dose (500 microgram/mouse).

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1978

Effect of BCG cell-wall skeleton on metastasis of syngeneic tumor in rats, with special reference to lymphocyte trapping.

Oil-attached BCG cell-wall skeleton (BCG-CWS) was demonstrated to have an activity inducing lymphocyte trapping in the draining node in rats. It acts also as a potent adjuvant for the lymphocyte trapping when injected into the growing syngeneic transplantable tumor. Treatment with repeated intratumor injections into the primary tumor resulted in suppression of tumor growth in both primary and metastatic sites. Even when the primary tumor escaped regression, inhibitory effect on metastatic spread was attained by the therapy. The contribution of BCG-CWS to suppression of metastasis especially in the draining node was discussed from the point of lymphocyte trapping in the draining node.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Antitumor activity of peritoneal exudate cells induced by cell-wall skeleton of Mycobacterium bovis BCG.

Peritoneal exudate cells (PEC) induced by oil-attached cell-wall skeleton of Mycobacterium bovis BCG (BCG-CWS) in ACI/N rats were tested for their effect on both in vivo and in vitro growth of syngeneic fibrosarcoma cells (AMC-60). Treatment of rats with intraperitoneal injections of BCG-CWS induced regression of syngeneic ascites tumor and increased the number of survivals. Whole PEC and adherent PEC from rats injected intraperitoneally with BCG-CWS inhibited the uptake of tritiated thymidine into the fibrosarcoma cells in an in vitro cytostasis test. This in vitro cytostatic effect was more marked as the ratio of effector to target cells increased. In addition, when tumor cells were inoculated subcutaneously with BCG-CWS activated PEC, tumor takes decreased markedly. Oil-stimulated PEC and normal peritoneal resident cells were inactive in inhibition of tumor growth in vivo and in vitro.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Suppression of autochthonous tumors by mixed implantation with Nocardia rubra cell-wall skeleton and related bacterial fractions.

Antitumor activities of the cell-wall skeleton of Nocardia rubra and related bacterial fractions in autochthonous tumor-host system were tested on autografts of spontaneous mammary adenocarcinoma in SHN mice and of 3-methylcholanthrene-induced fibrosarcoma in ICR/JCL mice. The oil-attached cell-wall skeleton of N. rubra was the most effective in suppressing the autografts of the mammary adenocarcinoma but less of the fibrosarcoma, when the autografts were mixed with oil-attached preparation and implanted subcutaneously in the original host, while peptidoglycolipid of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Aoyama B was the most suppressive on the autografts of the fibrosarcoma but not on the mammary tumor autografts. The cell-wall skeleton of Mycobacterium bovis BCG slightly suppressed the autografts of the fibrosarcoma. Presensitization of tumor-bearing mice with the cell-wall skeleton of N. rubra resulted in a more marked suppression on autografts of both tumors than without the presensitization, but local destruction of these tumor autografts did not induce recognizable systemic immunity to the respective tumors. Intralesional injection of cell-wall skeleton of N. rubra showed prolongation of survival days of mice with fibrosarcoma.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1978

Diurnal variations in outflow facility.

Tonography was carried out at 8 AM, 2 PM, and 8 PM on 43 normal eyes, 58 open-angle glaucomatous eyes and 10 ocular hypertensive eyes. Diurnal variations in outflow facility and their relation to those in intraocular pressure (IOP) were studied. Diurnal variations in outflow facility were present in almost all eyes, with approximately a 10% exception. The average diurnal variation in true outflow facility (deltaCtrue) was 0.10 microliter/min/mm Hg in normal eyes and 0.07 microliter/min/mm Hg in glaucomatous eyes. The average rate of diurnal variation in true outflow facility: formula: (see text) was 43.6% in normal eyes and 69.1% in glaucomatous eyes. The value was greater in glaucomatous eyes than in normal eyes. The curve of diurnal variations in true outflow facility was divided into 5 types, and in glaucomatous eyes the value of outflow facility was apt to increase in the morning and decrease in the evening. In 42% of the normal and 45% of the glaucomatous eyes, inverse relation was seen between diurnal variations in outflow facility and diurnal rhythm in IOP. It is thought that diurnal variations in outflow facility, along with diurnal fluctuations in the rate of aqueous formation, are one of the factors responsible for the diurnal rhythm found in IOP.

Adult↗