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Biomedical subjects

I Andersson

Publications and source records attributed to I Andersson.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

The non-specific enhancement of allergy. II. Precipitation of anaphylactic in vitro response capacity and serum IgE and IgG2a antibody synthesis in primed but non-responding rats by injection of alum.

PVG rats given injections of 1 microgram ovalbumin (OA) together with 10 mg Silica gel failed to provide serosal mast cells or lung tissue with the capacity to release histamine on in vitro challenge with the antigen. However, if such animals were injected i.p. with 100 mg of alum (without any further antigen addition) 3-9 weeks after the primary antigen injection, their mast cells and lung tissue showed a clear-cut capacity to respond in vitro, when examined 1 week after the alum injection. Injection of only 15 mg alum did not induce such a response capacity. The fading of the reactivity induced by an alum injection could be prevented by a repeated injection of the adjuvant alone. Pretreatment of the rats with cyclophosphamide (33 mg/kg) 2 days before the primary antigen injection did not affect the response capacity induced by a booster injection 3 weeks later. S.c. injection of alum also precipitated response capacity in animals primed by i.p. injection of antigen and Silica gel. The anaphylactic response capacity induced by injection(s) of alum was generally accompanied by increased levels of OA-IgE and especially OA-IgG2a antibody; however, a clear-cut correlation between either serosal mast cell or lung tissue response capacity and serum OA-IgE or IgG2a antibody titer could not be demonstrated. These data show that in primed animals, which do not express allergic response capacity, such a capacity can be induced by injecting adjuvant alone, even several weeks after the primary antigen injection.

Aluminum Hydroxide↗
PubMed1983

Clustered breast calcifications.

In a consecutive series, clustered breast calcifications were classified according to their radiographic appearance. Rounded and 'cloudy' calcifications, and calcifications showing sedimentation were virtually always associated with benign disorders. All other types of clustered calcifications implied a substantial risk of carcinoma. Furthermore, calcifications appearing or increasing during an observation period (median 24 months) implied a larger risk than those remaining unchanged. Guidelines for the management of patients with clustered breast calcifications are given.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Mammographic patterns as indicators of risk of breast cancer. A cross-sectional population study.

As part of a breast cancer screening project, radiographic patterns were classified according to Wolfe as N1, P1, P2, or DY. P2 and DY were found to be more common in young women and were seen more frequently in women with breast cancer in all age groups, especially 45-49 years (odds ratio = 3.1; p = 0.19). 66% of the women in this age were classified as having P2 or DY breasts. The authors conclude that in women 45-49 years old, P2 and DY patterns are associated with a moderately increased risk of breast cancer; however, selective follow-up of women found to have P2 or DY at initial screening is not feasible, as no more than 50-60% of all cancers in this age group are associated with the P2 and DY patterns.

Aged↗
PubMed1982

Percutaneous injection of contrast medium into breast lesions for radiographic exclusion of malignancy.

Contrast medium was injected percutaneously into palpable breast lesions in 63 patients in order to demonstrate lactiferous ducts. Of 35 benign and mammographically definable tumours, 30 were successfully punctured and ducts were visualized in 20, while ducts were demonstrated in seven of 21 non-definable lesions. Ducts were seen in 10 of 13 fibroadenomas removed by surgery, in two of four hamartomas, and in two of three cases of mastitis. No ducts were seen in six solid, malignant tumours examined, while one intracystic papillary carcinoma showed filling defects caused by the malignant growth. It was concluded that the method is simple, and that the demonstration of ducts is an indication of the benign nature of a lesion.

Adenofibroma↗
PubMed1981

Metal ion substitution at the catalytic site of horse-liver alcohol dehydrogenase: results from solvent magnetic relaxation studies. 2. Binding of manganese(II) and competition with zinc(II) and cadmium(II) ions.

The interaction of Mn2+ aquo ions with native horse-liver alcohol dehydrogenase demetalized specifically at the catalytic sites has been investigated by studying the magnetic field dependence and time dependence of the magnetic spin-lattice relaxation rate of solvent water protons. We find no detectable binding of Mn2+ ions to the catalytic sites in times on the order of hours; however, we do find that these ions bind to the enzyme at two previously unreported types of sites: one, characterized by a low dissociation constant (0.01 mM at pH 7.7, 5 degrees C), low relaxivity, and a stoichiometry of one per two catalytic sites, and a second, with a high dissociation constant (1.5 mM at pH 7.7, 5 degrees C) and high relaxivity. The stoichiometry of the second type of site could not be determined because of the relatively weak bindng of Mn2+ ions to these sites. Both Zn2+ and Cd2+ ions bind to the newly found tight-binding sites, displacing Mn2+ ions and thereby altering the relaxation rates of solvent protons. By monitoring the return to equilibrium of these altered rates, we find that Zn2+ ions enter the catalytic sites from the new tight-binding sites with an on-rate of approximately 0.1 M-1 s-1. It is not clear whether binding to these new sites is an obligatory intermediate for reintroduction of Zn2+ ions into the catalytic sites, but a small excess of Zn2+ ions beyond one per monomer causes the protein to precipitate. Cd2+ ions, by contrast, enter the catalytic sites at least 1 order of magnitude more rapidly than do Zn2+ ions, a rate too rapid to observe by our techniques. However, once the catalytic sites are filled, Cd2+ ions displace Mn2+ ions at the new sites as do Zn2+ ions.

Alcohol Dehydrogenase↗
PubMed1981

[The diagnosis of renal perfusion abnormalities by sequential CT (author's transl)].

Abnormalities of renal perfusion can be recognised more readily by sequential CT than by a plain CT scan or after "static" enhancement with contrast medium. Haemodynamically significant stenoses of the renal arteries and total, or partial, infarct can be diagnosed in this way. Intrarenal and capsular collaterals can be recognised by slow contrast accumulation in the infarcted area, or by the development of contrast in the sub-capsular portion of the cortex. Renal cortical necrosis is very well demonstrated by the absence of cortical perfusion; this is seen, for instance, in the DIC syndrome or during rejection after renal transplant.

Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation↗
PubMed1981

Nutrient intake and health status of vegans. Chemical analyses of diets using the duplicate portion sampling technique.

A strict vegetarian diet [vegan diet (VD)] was investigated. Six middle-aged vegans (three men and three women) collected copies of 24-h diets using the duplicate portion sampling technique. By chemical analyses, the nutrient composition was determined in detail and compared with corresponding figures of a normal mixed Swedish diet. In the VD 30% of the energy originated from fat compared with 40% in normal Swedish mixed diet (MD). Linoleic acid was the dominant fatty acid (60% of total fat in VD versus 8% in MD). The VD contained 24 g protein/1000 kcal compared to 30 g/1000 kcal in MD, but the intake of essential amino acids by the vegans exceeded the recommendations. Dietary fiber was about 5 times higher in the vegan diet (29 versus 6 g/1000 kcal) and sucrose similar to MD (18 versus 21 g/1000 kcal). Among the inorganic nutrients the concentration of calcium (351 versus 391 mg/1000 kcal) and sodium (53 versus 49 mmol/1000 kcal) were similar in both types of diets but the amount of potassium (56 versus 30 mmol/1000 kcal, magnesium (300 versus 110 mg/1000 kcal), iron (9 versus 6.5 mg/1000 kcal), zinc (6.5 versus 4.7 mg/1000 kcal), and copper (2 versus 0.7 mg/1000 kcal) were nearly doubled. Iodine (39 versus 156 micrograms/1000 kcal and selenium (5 versus 17 micrograms/1000 kcal) were much lower in the VD, selenium even being undetectable in several 24-h diets. The VD was rich in folic acid (301 versus 90 micrograms/1000 kcal in MD) but the intake of vitamin B12 was only 0.3 to 0.4 microgram/day (MD: 3 to 4 micrograms/day). No clinical signs of nutritional deficiency were observed in the vegans. Serum protein levels of the vegans as well as their serum lipoproteins were near the lower range of the reference group. In addition, none of the vegans was overweight and their blood pressures were low for their age.

Blood Pressure↗
PubMed1981

Radiographic patterns of the mammary parenchyma: variation with age at examination and age at first birth.

Mammograms of 15,110 women, representing a random selection of all 45-69-year-old women living in Malmö and taking part in screening for carcinoma of the breast, were analyzed using Wolfe's criteria for variations in the parenchymal pattern with (a) age at examination and (b) age at the birth of her first child. P2 and DY, which are considered high-risk patterns, increased in frequency with advancing age at first birth, being highest in nulliparous women, but decreased with age at examination.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Radiographic screening for breast carcinoma. I. Program and primary findings in 45--69 year old women.

A cross-sectional, randomized screening with mammary radiography of 15 748 women aged 45 to 69 and living in Malmö for the detection of breast carcinoma is described. The detection rate of breast carcinoma was 7.5 per 1 000, 16 per cent of the carcinoma being non-invasive and 43 invasive with a diameter of at most 10 mm. The overall rate of axillary metastases was 18 per cent. The sensitivity of the radiography was 91.5 per cent, the specificity 99.2 per cent and the predictive value 47 per cent. It is concluded that mammary radiography is an effective screening method for detecting early carcinoma.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1981

Radiographic screening for breast carcinoma. III. Appearance of carcinoma and number of projections to be used at screening.

The films of 117 patients with mammary carcinoma detected at population screening were reviewed. Sixteen per cent (19) of the women proved to have non-invasive and 43 per cent (50) small invasive carcinomas (diameter less than or equal to 10 mm). Calcifications were the dominating abnormality in 95 per cent of the non-invasive carcinomas, while a tumour mass was the most frequent abnormality in small invasive carcinomas. It was found that the appearance of small tumours may vary considerably from one projection to another and also on films in one and the same projection. Thus, approximately 20 per cent of small invasive carcinomas were either not visible or equivocal in one of the two projections used at screening. The corresponding figure for larger invasive carcinomas (diameter greater than 10 mm) was approximately 7 per cent. It is concluded that films in two projections, preferably the craniocaudal and oblique, should be obtained at screening.

Aged↗
PubMed1981

Radiographic screening for breast carcinoma. II. Prognostic considerations on the basis of a short-term follow-up.

Prognostic markers were analysed in a randomized screening project for breast carcinoma using mammary radiography as the only screening method. The proportion of small carcinomas (non-invasive carcinoma and invasive at most 10 mm across) was significantly larger among carcinomas detected at screening than that of carcinomas appearing in the control group. Furthermore, the rate of axillary metastasis was lower and the proportion of stage I disease significantly larger. The proportion of highly differentiated tubular carcinoma and intraductal carcinoma in situ was significantly larger in the screened group, while the proportion of less differentiated tubuloductal carcinoma, invasive comedocarcinoma and medullary carcinoma with lymphoid infiltration was larger in the comparison group. The findings strongly indicate that carcinomas found at radiographic screening represent, on the average, an earlier stage compared with carcinomas detected in clinical practice.

Aged↗
PubMed1980

Abnormal axillary lymph nodes in rheumatoid arthritis.

Mammary radiography was performed in 56 patients with arthritis, predominantly rheumatoid arthritis. Definite abnormal axillary lymph nodes were found in 24 and probably abnormal nodes in 8. Abnormal nodes were characterized by increased attenuation, rounded shape and absence of fatty replacement.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Breast cancer screening in Sweden. The single modality approach.

Four population-based breast cancer screening projects are in progress in Sweden, three of which are randomized studies. Mammography is the only screening method. 51% of all carcinomas detected at the first screening were either in situ or invasive with a diameter of 10 mm or less. Axillary metastases were found in 16% of the patients. Sensitivity was over 90% in all projects. The ultimate aim of the randomized projects is to demonstrate the effect of screening on breast cancer mortality. It is estimated that mortality statistics will reach significant levels in 1983.,

Adult↗