Immersion oil allergy with no reaction to epoxy resin in the standard series.
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Adult↗
Biomedical subjects
I Ahmed
Publications and source records attributed to I Ahmed.
Cerebral air emboli: an uncommon complication resulting from a common procedure.
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Catheterization, Central Venous↗
The relationship between type of antidepressant and neurovegetative symptoms in adult unipolar nonpsychotic depression: an opinion survey.
The bi-directional nature of the neurovegetative symptoms of depression, as well as the differential response to antidepressant medications, underscore the existence of possible subtypes of this disorder. This study surveyed 56 physicians practicing psychiatry in Hawaii for opinions regarding the most effective antidepressant medication for the following symptoms: hypersomnia vs. insomnia, psychomotor agitation vs. retardation, and gain vs. loss of appetite or weight. Fluoxetine was found to be the drug of choice for weight and appetite gain, hypersomnia, and psychomotor retardation. Mirtazapine was viewed as most effective for weight and appetite loss. Trazodone was found most effective for insomnia and nefazodone for psychomotor agitation. It is concluded that subtyping of depression should be investigated at the symptom level and the generalizability of the effects of each specific compound should be tested.
Antidepressive Agents↗
Renal amyloidosis masquerading as renal cell carcinoma.
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Amyloidosis↗
Intraocular-central nervous system lymphoma: clinical features, diagnosis, and outcomes.
OBJECTIVE: To analyze the clinical features, laboratory investigations, and diagnosis of intraocular-central nervous system (CNS) lymphoma in a cohort of patients who underwent diagnostic vitrectomy. DESIGN: Retrospective case series. METHOD AND STUDY MATERIALS: Thirty-four vitreous biopsy specimens obtained from 26 patients with treatment-resistant or unusual uveitis were re-evaluated in a masked fashion. The specimens were classified into three groups: "negative," "suspicious of malignancy," and "positive" based on the cytologic features, immunomarkers, and flow cytometry. The medical records of the patients were reviewed retrospectively. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The reliability of vitreous cytology in diagnosing intraocular-CNS lymphoma and the differences in clinical features of patients with intraocular-CNS lymphoma and uveitis. RESULTS: The two ocular pathologists concurred in their criteria for interpretation of all specimens. There was 100% concordance between the cytologic reports read independently by the two ocular pathologists over the 5-year period and the read-out done in a masked fashion at the time of the study. Ten patients were diagnosed with intraocular-CNS lymphoma based on the vitreous cytology and clinical features. The time interval between the initial presentation and vitreous biopsy was 1 week to 2 years, with 80% of the patients diagnosed within the first year. Retinal involvement in the form of lymphomatous subretinal pigment epithelial infiltrates, vasculitis, and apparent retinochoroiditis was present in six cases. Initial neuroimaging studies revealed concomitant CNS involvement in three patients, and an additional three developed CNS lymphoma following diagnosis by vitreous biopsy. Patients were treated with radiotherapy, chemotherapy, or both. Two of the four patients with a follow-up of greater than 12 months died due to CNS involvement. CONCLUSIONS: Vitreous cytology is a sensitive, reliable, and reproducible method of diagnosing intraocular-CNS lymphoma. A high index of suspicion based on the clinical findings and course of the uveitis is critically important in decision-making for diagnostic vitrectomy. Central nervous system involvement is frequent and associated with a high mortality rate. Ophthalmology 1999;106:1805-1810
Adult↗
A case of relapsing polychondritis involving the tragal and the conchal bowl areas with sparing of the helix and the antihelix.
We describe a 65-year-old white man with a 21-year history of recurrent, afebrile episodes of painful, tragal, conchal bowl and eyelid swelling accompanied by occasional conjunctivitis. The remainder of the auricle was not involved. Episodes were both self-remitting and responsive to intramuscular steroid injections. Cutaneous and cartilaginous tissues were examined histologically following a therapeutic debulking procedure. The histologic features included dermal edema, vascular dilatation, and small vessel inflammation with a dense polymorphous inflammatory infiltrate rich in eosinophils. Perichondrial inflammation and cartilage degeneration with fibrosis were characteristically observed. Bacterial cultures demonstrated normal flora. This case fulfills the revised diagnostic criteria of relapsing polychondritis. It demonstrates an unusual presentation within the disease spectrum of relapsing polychondritis with tragal and conchal bowl involvement and sparing of the helix and the antihelix.
Aged↗
Diversity in expression of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency in females.
The aims of this study were to determine the prevalence of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency in the United Arab Emirates (UAE), to describe the different mutations in the population, to determine its prevalence, and to study inheritance patterns in families of G6PD-deficient individuals. All infants born at Tawam Hospital, Al-Ain, UAE from January 1994 to September 1996 were screened at birth for their G6PD status. In addition, those attending well-baby clinics during the period were also screened for the disorder. Families of 40 known G6PD-deficient individuals, selected randomly from the records of three hospitals in the country, were assessed for G6PD deficiency. Where appropriate, this was followed by definition of G6PD mutations. Of 8198 infants, 746 (9.1%), comprising 15% of males and 5% of females tested, were found to be G6PD deficient. A total of 27 families were further assessed: of these, all but one family had the nt563 Mediterranean mutation. In one family, two individuals had the nt202 African mutation. The high manifestation of G6PD deficiency in women may be due to the preferential expression of the G6PD-deficient gene and X-inactivation of the normal gene, and/or to the presence of an 'enhancer' gene that makes the expression of the G6PD deficiency more likely. The high level of consanguinity which, theoretically, should result in a high proportion of homozygotes and consequently a higher proportion of females with the deficiency, was not found to be a significant factor.
Consanguinity↗
Preoperative and postoperative topical tretinoin on high-tension excisional wounds and full-thickness skin grafts in a porcine model: A pilot study.
BACKGROUND: Tretinoin induces neovascularization and the formation of collagen when applied topically. OBJECTIVE: The goal was to determine whether preoperative and postoperative treatment with tretinoin enhances the healing of high-tension, full-thickness excisional wounds and the survival of full-thickness skin grafts. METHODS: A blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled pilot study involved high-tension excisional wounds and full-thickness skin grafts treated perioperatively with tretinoin in a porcine model. RESULTS: Perioperative treatment of high-tension excisional surgery sites with tretinoin appeared to have no consistent beneficial or adverse effects on wound healing or scar spreading. In the full-thickness skin graft model, a trend toward impaired wound healing was noted. CONCLUSION: The collagen-inducing effects of topical tretinoin do not appear to enhance the healing of high-tension excisional surgery wounds in a porcine model. Tretinoin does not appear to improve the survival of full-thickness skin grafts and, in fact, a detrimental effect was apparent in our model.
Administration, Topical↗
Generation of a recombinant herpes simplex virus type 1 expressing the rat corticotropin- releasing hormone precursor: endoproteolytic processing, intracellular targeting and biological activity.
We describe the generation of a recombinant herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV1) vector, tsK/CRH10, derived from the temperature-sensitive mutant tsK, expressing rat pre-procorticotropin-releasing hormone (ppCRH). In hypothalamic neurons, within the paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei, this neuropeptide precursor is processed to mature CRH (1-41), the key modulator of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal stress response. We used the recombinant HSV1 tsK/CRH10 to study posttranslational processing, intracellular localization and biological activity of proCRH (pCRH) within neuronal, glial and epithelial cell lines. We showed that CRH-like immunoreactivity expressed in neuronal, glial and epithelial cells infected with tsK/CRH10 was biologically active, could be detected intracellularly and was also secreted. Our data also show that within Neuro2a and NG115 cells, the CRH precursor is cleaved to yield a CRH-like immunoreactive fragment of approximately 4.75 kD which could account for mature CRH (1-41). No endoproteolytic processing of the precursor takes place within the astrocytic 1321 NI cell line. Using immunocytochemistry techniques we detected CRH-like immunoreactivity within the endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi region in all cells and within secretory vesicles of Neuro2a and NG115 cells, suggesting correct targeting to the regulated secretory pathway within these cells. Our results demonstrate that the HSV1 recombinant vector expressing the full-length CRH precursor molecule constitutes an excellent delivery system for both cell lines and postmitotic neurons in vitro, which has enabled the study of targeting, endoproteolytic processing and biological activity of this neuropeptide precursor. Furthermore, it can also be used to generate transient transgenesis of the CRH precursor in vivo, to study neuroendocrine-immune interactions within the mammalian central nervous system.
Animals↗
Contingent negative variation in migraine: effect of beta blocker therapy.
The contingent negative variation (CNV) has been useful in differentiating common migraine from muscle tension headaches as well as classic migraine. This study evaluated CNV in a group of patients with muscle tension headache, common migraine, and classic migraine. Furthermore, we evaluated the effect of beta blocker therapy on the CNV. The patients with common migraine responded to beta blocker therapy. CNV amplitude decreased during beta blocker treatment and with resolution of headache episodes. Further studies are indicated as CNV may be useful to evaluate the effect of drug treatment in common migraine.
Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗
Neuropsychologic implications in erotomania: two case studies.
OBJECTIVE: To explore neuroanatomic substrates and cognitive factors associated with erotomania through neuropsychologic test data and neurologic studies. BACKGROUND: Erotomania is a delusional disorder that has been examined and conceptualized both clinically and psychodynamically. It is believed that neuroanatomic and neuropsychologic correlates can provide important insights into the causes of erotomania. METHOD: Two patients with erotomania and the results of their neuropsychologic testing were examined, and neurologic studies also were examined for one of the patients. These data were compared with case studies from the literature. RESULTS: Neuropsychologic test results suggested that erotomania may be associated with deficits in cognitive flexibility and associative learning that are mediated by frontal-subcortical systems, and with deficits in verbal and visuospatial skills. Neurologic studies suggested abnormalities in temporal areas. CONCLUSIONS: Visuospatial-functioning deficits or limbic lesions, particularly in the temporal lobes, in combination with isolative and ambivalent romantic experiences, may contribute to misinterpretations in erotomania, and deficits in cognitive flexibility may contribute to the maintenance of the delusional belief.
Adult↗
Hypoperfusion of the cerebellum and aging effects on cerebral cortex blood flow in abstinent alcoholics: a SPECT study.
BACKGROUND: This study evaluated hypotheses concerning alcoholism, aging, and the relationship between cerebral hypoperfusion and residual deficits in the functioning of cerebellar and neocortical brain systems. METHODS: The participants were 10 healthy abstinent alcoholics (9 men, 1 woman) and 12 nonalcoholic controls (10 men, 2 women) ranging in age from 35 to 67 years. Cerebral blood flow was observed through the use of regionally specific computer-derived quantitative analysis of single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) perfusion images. Cerebellar perfusion was measured and compared with cerebral cortex perfusion in age-equivalent subgroups of alcoholics and controls (under 55 years; 55 years and over). RESULTS: In abstinent alcoholics under age 55, cerebellar perfusion ratios were significantly reduced compared with the controls. In alcoholics and nonalcoholic controls 55 years old and older, this relationship was reversed, probably as a result of diminished cortical perfusion with aging in the alcoholics and of cerebellar decline in the controls. CONCLUSIONS: The findings support hypotheses that the residual effects of alcoholism include cerebellar brain abnormalities and that aging combined with long-term alcoholism leads to cerebral cortical decline.
Adult↗
Lupus panniculitis: clinical perspectives from a case series.
OBJECTIVE: To review clinical and laboratory features of lupus panniculitis from a large group of patients. METHODS: Retrospective chart review of patients diagnosed with lupus panniculitis at a tertiary medical center from 1976 to 1993. RESULTS: Lupus panniculitis occurred most frequently in adult women. Skin lesions involved proximal extremities, trunk, face, and scalp. Only 4 of 40 patients fulfilled criteria for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and, other than positive antinuclear antibodies, a paucity of other autoantibodies was seen. Average disease duration was 6 years (range 0-38). Treatment with antimalarial agents was undertaken in most cases. Disease related morbidity (disfigurement and disability) was relatively common, but death was rare. CONCLUSION: Lupus panniculitis is a chronic inflammatory disease of subcutaneous adipose tissue that can develop during the course of SLE, although most patients do not develop systemic lupus.
Adolescent↗
Crystalline retinopathy associated with chronic retinal detachment.
OBJECTIVE: To describe the presence of crystalline opacities located at the level of the inner retina in patients with chronic retinal detachment. METHODS: We reviewed the clinical records, fundus photographs, and fluorescein angiograms of patients with superficial retinal crystals in the presence of a chronic retinal detachment. RESULTS: Eleven eyes in 11 patients with chronic retinal detachment were found to have these peculiar crystalline opacities on the inner retinal surface. In 5 patients, the crystalline opacities were noted on initial assessment prior to surgery and persisted without change in appearance or number after surgical repair. In 6 eyes, the crystals were not appreciated until after surgical repair of the retinal detachment. The crystals appeared similar in all 11 eyes, were highly refractile, and were located in the posterior pole. Eight of the eyes had retinal detachment associated with retinal dialysis and 6 of these had a history of trauma. There was a definite history of vitreous hemorrhage in 2 eyes. The crystals did not seem to be associated with any visual deficit. CONCLUSIONS: Chronic retinal detachment can be associated with crystals on the inner retinal surface. The cause and composition of these crystals are unknown. They seem to be visually inconsequential and unchanging.
Adult↗
Randomized controlled trials in Archives of General Psychiatry (1959-1995): a prevalence study.
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Databases, Bibliographic↗
Effects of Momordica charantia fruit juice on islet morphology in the pancreas of the streptozotocin-diabetic rat.
An investigation was made of the effect of Momordica charantia fruit juice on the distribution and number of alpha, beta and delta cells in the pancreas of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats using immunohistochemical methods. The results indicated that there was a significant (Student's t-test, P < 0.004) increase in the number of beta cells in M. charantia-treated animals when compared with untreated diabetics, however, their number was still significantly less than that obtained for normal rats. There was also a significant (P < 0.006) increase in the number of delta cells in STZ-diabetic rats compared to non-diabetic rats. This increase in the number of delta cells was not affected by M. charantia treatment. The number of alpha cells did not change significantly in M. charantia-treated rats when compared with untreated diabetic rats. Our results suggest that oral feeding of M. charantia fruit juice may have a role in the renewal of beta cells in STZ-diabetic rats or alternately may permit the recovery of partially destroyed beta cells.
Animals↗
Childhood-onset porphyria cutanea tarda: successful therapy with low-dose hydroxychloroquine (Plaquenil).
We describe a 4-year-old girl with a spontaneous blistering disorder that was consistent with porphyria cutanea tarda (PCT). There was no familial history of the disease or any obvious causative factors present. Oral hydroxychloroquine (3 mg/kg) was given twice weekly along with vitamin E (200 U/d) as an antioxidant. Within 6 weeks, marked decreased blistering occurred and by 12 weeks no blistering was evident. Despite clinical improvement and tolerance of hydroxychloroquine, urinary uroporphyrin, aspartate aminotransferase, and ferritin levels continued to rise reaching peak levels at 16 weeks of therapy. Near total biochemical remission was observed at 40 weeks and all therapy was discontinued at 60 weeks.
Administration, Oral↗
Vitamin K1-induced localized scleroderma (morphea) with linear deposition of IgA in the basement membrane zone.
We describe a 45-year-old white man in whom distinctive clinical and histologic features of localized scleroderma developed at sites of injection of vitamin K1 (phytonadione). A direct immunofluorescence test demonstrated prominent linear deposition of IgA along the basement membrane zone. No circulating antibasement membrane zone IgA antibodies were identified on indirect immunofluorescence testing. We believe that the unusual immunofluorescence finding in our patient is nonspecific and represents an epiphenomenon caused by cutaneous injury.
Antifibrinolytic Agents↗