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Biomedical subjects

I A Zavalishin

Publications and source records attributed to I A Zavalishin.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2000

[The role of serum 'adhesive factor' and leukocyte sensitization in pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis].

The reactivity to the myelin basic protein, brain gangliosides purified derivative and also the influence of the serum on the cells adherence were determined by micromodification of the leukocyte adherence inhibition (LAI) test. 46 multiple sclerosis patients, 21 patients with hereditary disease and 41 donors were examined. The cellular sensitization to the myelin basic protein and brain gangliosides was revealed in 57% of the multiple sclerosis patients. The leukocyte adherence was increase in 53.5% patients when autologous serum was added. The adherence factor was most often found (90% case) in patients with severe neurological deficit. It is suggested that this factor is a connected t the increased levels of circulating adhesion molecules in multiple sclerosis patients.

Bacterial Proteins↗
PubMed2000

[Physiopathological and chemopathological mechanisms of central motor disorders in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis].

A complex study of pathophysiological characteristics of corticospinal systems was performed in patients with amyotrophic sclerosis (ALS) by transcranial magnetic resonance stimulation (TMRS) and estimation of the levels of mediatory amino acids in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). There was a time course of changes in the excitability of cortical motor neurons (MNs) and in the functional status of the pyramidal tract as ALS progressed. The large cortical MNs were found to be afflicted just at early stages by further involving their axonal systems into the pathological process. As a result, mainly fine slowly conducting axons of MNs functioned at the later stages of the disease. Neurochemical changes correlated with the duration of the disease and were supposed to play an important role in the pathogenesis of ALS. Besides, a significant correlation revealed by TMRS between the pathology of the corticospinal tract and the cerebrospinal fluid levels of glutamate confirmed the role of glutamate as a the main neurotransmitter of this motor system. The results of the study also confirm the significance of excitotoxic mechanisms in central motor disorders in ALS.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

[Pathology of the brain in Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease].

The autopsy cases of Creitsfeldt-Jacob disease (a sporadic form) are reported which were diagnosed clinically and supported by the data of biopsy and autopsy of the brain (classic triad: death of neurons, astrogliosis and spongiform degeneration of the gray substance of the cortex of brain hemispheres, preferentially), followed by clinical morphologic comparisons. The focal character of the disease was observed on the early stages of the disease, while diffuse alterations were found on the late stages.

Basal Ganglia Diseases↗
PubMed2000

[Biochemical mechanisms of impaired neuroimmune interaction in multiple sclerosis].

Neurotransmitters and cytokines that play a key role in the mechanisms of interaction of the nervous and immune systems have been studied in both the blood and cerebrospinal fluid of 195 patients with multiple sclerosis. The findings suggest that neurotransmitters and cytokines play a role in the pathochemical mechanisms of development of the disease and that certain neurotransmitter systems are involved into the development of some neurological symptoms. It was proposed that excitotoxic mechanisms are responsible for the damages to nervous tissue and for death of oligodendroglial cells in multiple sclerosis. Alterations in norepinephrine levels and platelet serotonergic indices may be manifestations of compensatory protective mechanisms that resulted in activation of primarily suppressor T-lymphocytes. The inflammatory cytokines--interferon-gamma and tumor necrosis factor-alpha participate in the mechanisms of pathologic process activation and in the development of the disease. On the contrary, interferon-alpha was supposed to promote remission and involved in the mechanisms of a favorable course of multiple sclerosis that testified the necessity of differential immunocorrection at different stages of the disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

[Neuronal death is basic problem of neurology and psychiatry].

The review deals with neuronal death in neurological and mental disorders. It considers two types of neuronal death in the central neuronal death: apoptosis and necrosis, as well as their mechanisms of development and regulation with the participation of apoptotic and antiapoptotic genes. At present, oxidative stress and excitotoxicity are considered to be the major mechanisms of cell death. Recent advances of molecular cell biology in the understanding the mechanisms responsible for neuronal death permit one to develop new therapeutical approaches in diseases of the central nervous system.

Cell Death↗
PubMed1999

[Prion phenomenon in medicine and biology].

The data obtained suggest that the fatal changes in brain tissue associated with the prion diseases, are initiated by a conformational rearrangement of constitutively expressed cellular protein PrP. Possible mechanisms of such a conversion of this protein are discussed. Existence of the proteins with the prion properties in low eukaryotes may determine the unusual mechanisms of the "protein" inheritance. A new experimental model for studying the proteins with the prion properties in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, is described.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

[In vivo diagnosis of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease].

The paper presents the data concerning usage of some original method of vital laboratory diagnostics of Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease that belongs to the group of prionic diseases. The method consisted in the inoculation of inoculative culture of rat Gasser ganglion's neurinoma by biologic materials investigated (serum and clot of blood) with the following passivation and investigation of the contaminated culture by means of both morphologic and electron microscopic methods. As an example of vital verificated case the wide pathomorphologic analysis of the biopsy sample of brain was presented. Besides, the efficiency of the investigation of cognitive evoked potentials (P300) together with EEG was also demonstrated as the method of objectification of the development of dementia in this disease.

Brain↗
PubMed1997

[Spasticity].

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

[Neurotransmitter changes in multiple sclerosis].

Elevated levels of norepinephrine and of excitatory amino acids (glutamate, aspartate) were observed in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with multiple sclerosis while there were elevated content of glutamine, asparagine and glycine in their blood. An important point concerning these results was the relation between biochemical indices and the character of neurological symptoms, their severity as well as the course of the disease. The role of neurotransmitters in pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis and particularly in biochemical mechanisms of the relation between nervous and immune system that underlie the development of neurological deficiencies is suggested.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

[Betaferon--first experience of application in treatment of multiple sclerosis in Russia].

32 patients (21-55 years old) with multiple sclerosis (MS) were treated. Remittent form of the disease was observed in 24 patients, secondary progressive one--in 8 individuals; the degree of disability was characterised as scores 0-3 (the first group) and scores 5-6 (the second one) according to scale EDSS. Betaferon was administered subcutaneously in the dose of 8 MIU every other day during the period from several months to 1 year and more. Improvement of the state was observed in 5 patients with remittent form, stop of the development of disease (absence of either aggravations or signs of MS progression) was found in 26 cases (21 with remittent form, 4 with secondary progressive form). The conclusion was made: betaferon cannot cure but can stop progression of the disease. Indications and contraindications for betaferon therapy were established and recommendations were given concerning regimen of the treatment prophylaxis and therapy of side-effects.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗