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Biomedical subjects

I A Uvarova

Publications and source records attributed to I A Uvarova.

9 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

[The characteristics of the intragroup behavior of rhesus macaques and hamadryas baboons during the realization of food motivation in a competitive situation].

The aim of the present work is to consider the specific interrelations in "family" units of macaques (Macaca mulatta) and baboons (Papio hamadryas) during food-getting reactions in competitive conditions. Detailed analysis of dyadic interactions revealed that competing partners demonstrate more various types of behaviour tactics at the initial stage of learning. At the final one, only males of both investigated species performed instrumental reactions and received the food reward. All females demonstrated much more vocal reactions in comparison with males. Thus the variety of competing interactions between heterosexual partners, learning and possibility to realize its motivation correspond ro novelty of experimental situation and degree of intraspecies social subordination.

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PubMedDate not supplied

[A comparative physiological study of the generalization function in primates].

Fundamental rules of the generalization function formation and development were formulated on the basis of comparative analysis of visual discrimination, summarizing and abstraction in the representatives of various primate subfamilies. It was established that monkeys and apes (Macaca mulatta, Cebus apella, Pan troglodytes) learning to define such abstract characteristic as relative size of visual pictures of natural and geometrical objects were able to use previously remembered rules elaborated under the solving of other visual tasks. Learning processes were realized more affectively, if the pictures of natural objects were represented to the monkeys. The comparison of generalization processes in monkeys and apes revealed multilevel organisation of the processes in apes. The latter showed high level of ability to operate with abstract ideas elaborated previously in the course of the experiments.

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PubMedDate not supplied

[The behavior of tamarin monkeys during the learning and realization of instrumental food habits in a competitive situation].

Special features of competitive behavioural organization have been revealed during formation and realization of simple feeding and instrumental reflexes elaborated simultaneously in family pairs of marmoset monkeys. In contrast to other anthropoid species, male and female marmosets performed feeding reactions of different levels of complexity with equal efficiency. The differences between male and female marmosets concern the structure of competitive behaviour: males showed more active forms of competition under equal number of the given reinforcement, whereas passive forms of behaviour were more typical in females. The latter produced intensive vocalization in comparison with males. Stabilization of competitive activity was accompanied by the decrease of active forms of competition and by standardization of individual behaviour. The increase in the number of behavioural strategies was observed in family groups under sophisticated experimental conditions.

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PubMedDate not supplied

[The forms of cognitive activity in monkeys and apes].

Cognitive functions were compared in three species of primates (Cebus apella, Macaca mulatta, Pan troglodytes). Under identical conditions, studies have been made on the ability of identify two-dimensional natural images corresponding to three-dimensional objects basing on a modified "sample-to-sample" method. It was shown that monkeys learned to solve these tasks via multilevel combination of visual pictures with voluminous objects, being able to translate the principle elaborated from one set of stimuli to another. Apes exhibit the ability of direct translation of two-dimensional objects to three-dimensional ones using former experience in solving new tests of various complexity.

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