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Biomedical subjects

I A Kazantseva

Publications and source records attributed to I A Kazantseva.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

[Plasminogen activators of urokinase and tissue types and their inhibitor (PAI-1) in cytosol fraction in thyroid diseases].

Enzyme immunoassay (ELISA) was used to estimate the levels of plasminogen activators of urokinase (uPA) and tissue (tPA) types and one of their inhibitors (PAI-I) in the cytosolic fraction of the thyroid in 129 patients with malignant and benign tumors and various non-cancer diseases of the gland. Tumors from patients with thyroid cancer displayed the lowest levels of tPA and the highest levels of uPA and PAI-I, while those from patients with benign thyroid diseases, including adenoma, had high concentrations of tPA and relatively low levels of uPA and PAI-I in the tissue of the diseased organ. At the same time, the lowest levels of uPA and PAI-I were found in patients suffering from toxic goiter with and without adenomatosis. In terms of uPA and PAI-I levels, patients with nodular colloidal goiter were intermediate between those with toxic goiter and adenoma, on the one hand, and those with thyroid cancer, on the other.

Adenoma↗
PubMed2000

[Treatment of malignant pancreatic islet cell tumors].

Among 142 patients with islet cell tumor who were admitted to hospital between 1982 and 1999, 15 patients (10.6%) had malignant tumours. The mean age was 45.3 +/- 5.8 years. Islet cell tumors were located in the head and corpus of the pancreas in 26.6% and 26.6% of the patients, respectively, in the tail of the pancreas in 46.8% of the patients. The mean size of the tumor was 2.9 +/- 0.7 cm, in 6 patients (40%) liver metastases were found. US, CT and angiography which sensitivity were 72.7, 100 and 85.7%, respectively, were used for topical diagnosis of the islet cell tumors. 12 patients were operated on (15 operations) and 3 patients were treated conservatively by streptozocin. Surgical procedures included distal pancreatic resection (n = 11), enucleation of the tumor (n = 2), hepatic resection (n = 1), abdominal exploration (n = 1). In 2 patients palliative pancreatic resections were combined with transarterial embolization and devascularisation of the liver metastases and 2 patients were treated by systemic chemotherapy. To reveal malignancy before and during the operation was possible only by evaluation of distant metastases and the adjacent organs infiltration. In other cases to determine the diagnosis was possible only after planned histological identification of the resected specimens. 5-year survival rates after conservative and surgical treatment were 33% and 62.5%, respectively. In patients without distant metastases 5-year survival rate was 100%.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Gastric cancer screening in selected population of Moscow region: retrospective evaluation.

The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of photofluorographic gastric cancer screening in selected population of Moscow Region (Russia) during a 15-year period. Thirty-five thousand patients were examined annually with photofluorography (tight filling and double contrast) of the stomach. Gastroscopy with multiple biopsies was performed in suspicious or inconclusive cases. Dynamic CT scan with air distention of the stomach was made before the operation for precise determination of tumor size as well as in some inconclusive cases. The final diagnosis was made by histologic examination of resected stomach. A total of 4286 patients dropped out of the study. In 25,392 patients no pathology was found. Gastric cancer was diagnosed in 680 (1.94%) of patients. In the study 170 (25%) "early" gastric cancers and 510 (75%) advanced gastric cancers were found. Among 170 early gastric cancers 120 (70%) were type-IIb (flat carcinoma) lesions in which endoscopy had low positive predictive value due to nonspecific picture and negative biopsy. On the contrary, dynamic CT scan with air distention of the stomach revealed local thickening of stomach wall in 118 of 120 (98.3%) of the tumors and correctly determined their sizes in 106 of 120 (89.9%). Gastric cancer screening by means of photofluorography in selected groups of patients is efficient and cost-effective. In doubtful cases with negative biopsies and nonspecific endoscopic image, dynamic CT scan with air distention of the stomach can be a method of choice.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1997

[The diagnosis of stomach cancer: the status of the problem, the outlook for improvement and the clinico-morphological aspects].

Having analysed 3000 verified cases of cancer of the stomach, the authors have made the conclusion that current x-ray investigations and computed tomography are effective tools in diagnosis of gastric carcinoma especially in intramural carcinomas, propose the term "intramural blastomatous infiltrate" (IBI) syndrome characterizing initial manifestations of squamous cell carcinoma of the stomach. Morphologically, x-ray symptoms corresponded either to infiltrative growth of gastric cancer or growth of connective tissue under the tumor. Such morphological changes in gastric cancer are likely to result from molecular-genetic polymorphism of the tumors. To make the diagnosis of gastric cancer as early as possible it is necessary to combine updated x-ray, endoscopic and morphological techniques.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1996

Immunohistochemical study of primary and recurrent basal cell and metatypical carcinomas of the skin.

We investigated cell proliferation and expression of cytoskeletal proteins in 32 cases of primary basal cell carcinomas (BCC), 10 cases of recurrent BCC, and 10 cases of metatypical carcinomas (MTC). Paraffin-embedded biopsies were evaluated immunohistochemically with a battery of antibodies. Antibodies to proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) demonstrated comparatively low numbers of proliferating cells in 25 of 32 cases of primary BCC. In contrast, both recurrent BCC and MTC exhibited three to four times higher levels of proliferating cells than primary BCC. PCNA-positive cells were usually distributed uniformly throughout the lobules; at times, however, they were localized to the outer areas of those neoplasms, with a comparatively low level of proliferation index. Antibodies to keratin 17 strongly stained cells of all BCC cases, and antibodies to keratin 8 reacted with most of them. In contrast, the staining intensity of both types of keratin in MTC was decreased six to eight times as compared with all BCC. In addition, cells of eight BCC and three MTC reacted with antibodies to smooth muscle alpha-actin and myosin, neoplasms that did not differ by the number of PCNA-positive nuclei from carcinomas without contractile proteins. The differences in cell proliferation and keratin expression between BCC and MTC may be useful criteria for further distinguishing these carcinomas. The appearance of contractile proteins in some BCC and MTC may be the result of, or implies, myoepithelial differentiation.

Actins↗
PubMed1994

[Differential diagnosis and treatment of metatypic cancer].

Fifty one patients with metatypic carcinoma (MC), 10 with basalioma, and 10 with squamous cell carcinoma were clinically and immuno-morphologically studied. There were great differences in the localization of basal cell antigen in the epidermis during MC, basalioma, squamous carcinoma of the skin. Expression of fixed immunoglobulins A, M, G in tumor tissues revealed no significant differences. Fifty one patients underwent a complex treatment with prospidin in a total dose of 3,000-3,500 mg (in a daily dose of 100 mg) followed by near-focus X-ray therapy in a total dose of 3,000 Gy (a single dose being 500 Gy). Good immediate and late (the duration of the follow-up was as long as 5 years) results were obtained.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Phenotype related changes of intimal smooth muscle cells from human aorta in primary culture.

To study the functional characteristics of smooth muscle cell (SMC) phenotypes, we have investigated myosin expression, cell proliferation, collagen production and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor activity in intimal SMCs of normal human aorta during their growth in primary culture. By staining with rabbit antibodies to smooth muscle myosin (ASMM) 3 cell types could be distinguished in culture: homogeneously stained cells, cells with discontinuous myosin fibrils and myosin-negative cells. The ratio of cell types greatly changed with culture growth: on days 5, 7 and 14 it was 82:1:17%, 70:5:25% and 10:30:60%, respectively. After 5-6 days of culture intimal SMCs began to proliferate and DNA-synthesizing nuclei were seen 1.5-4.3 times more frequently in myosin-negative cells than in cells with homogeneous myosin distribution. At that time the number of cells reacted with monoclonal antibody (MAb) to an epitope shared collagen types I and III started to increase. By double immunofluorescence staining it was shown that the cultured cells containing both ASMM and MAb markers were found 2.0-4.8 times more rarely than MAb-positive staining in myosin-negative cells. During the first 5 days in culture LDL binding and uptake were diminished in intimal cells with intercellular lipid inclusions independently of their myosin staining pattern, but their activity increased with culture growth. Thus, SMCs from human aortic intima change their phenotype on days 6 and 7 in primary culture as manifested by alteration of myosin expression, increased cell proliferation, collagen production and LDL receptor activity. Changes in myosin expression, however, are not an essential prerequisite for cell proliferation and collagen production.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Computer program for the analysis of clinical diagnostic errors based on a pathology database].

The program is tested on the material of 882 autopsy protocols. All parts of clinical and pathology diagnoses were included into the generation of the data base. Automatized analysis allowed to assess main characteristics of the patient material with a histogram demonstration of group statistics according to all positions considered as well as to obtain information on the influence of more complex pathology diagnosis of a main disease, sex and age on the frequency of clinical diagnosis mistakes.

Databases, Factual↗
PubMed1991

The expression of skin-specific gene K51 in the epidermal layer of human skin and in basal cell carcinoma cells.

Gene K51 probe isolated previously from the rat genomic library has been used to study the expression of its human counterpart by in situ hybridization and Northern blot analysis. A polyA-containing transcript of human gene K51 of 3 kb size has been detected in embryonic skin. The gene is also expressed in the epidermis of newborn humans and adults, but not in the adjacent mesenchymal tissues. Immunostaining with keratin antisera revealed predominantly earlier stage expression of K51 than cytokeratin markers. Sebaceous and sweat glands also contain cells expressing K51 gene. K51 expression was found in the cells of eight individual basal cell carcinomas tested, with the level of expression lower than in keratinocytes from normal human epidermis. We propose that K51 gene expression could serve as a convenient marker for the study of the process of skin keratinocyte development and the changes in this process associated with skin cancers and dysplasia.

Blotting, Northern↗
PubMed1991

[Pathomorphology of chronization and outcomes of experimental mycoplasma-viral pneumonia].

Pathomorphology of pneumonia induced by successive contamination of the Syrian hamsters with a pathogenic strain of Mycoplasma pneumoniae and an influenza virus A/PR8/34 as well as after contamination with an influenza virus against the background of a previous administration of the mycoplasma membrane fractions was studied. Mixed Mycoplasma-viral infection results in a tumor-like bronchiolar epithelium proliferation having a morphological similarity with bronchiolo-alveolar or acinar carcinoma, influenza virus infection against the background of a previous administration of protein fractions of mycoplasma membranes resulted in a chronization of pneumonia with development of several types of morphological changes: reversible tumour-like proliferation of the bronchiolo-alveolar epithelium, "inflammatory" pseudotumours and sarcoid-like granulomas.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[Patterns of keratin protein expression in basal cell, metatypical and squamous cell carcinoma of human skin].

Comparative immunomorphological study of keratinous proteins was performed in 17 basaliomas, 4 metatypical (MT) and 1 squamous cell carcinomas by means of a spectrum of antibodies to the individual keratins. It is found that cells of MT carcinoma are distinguished from basalioma cells by the absence of keratins N8 and 17 and this may be used for the differential diagnosis of these two tumours. The spectrum of keratins expressed by basalioma cells coincides with that of early stages of hair follicles. Keratin N17 is locally induced in parabasal layers of the morphologically intact epidermis adjacent to the tumour.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

[Intercellular contacts in portions of early atherosclerotic lesions of the human aorta].

The ultrastructure of human thoracic aortas collected at autopsy from 16 trauma victims aged from 3 to 40 years was investigated. Intercellular contacts were found in all aortas examined. The contacting cells localized predominantly in aortic areas predisposed to atherosclerosis, i. e. in areas situated around the ostia of the intercostal arteries. Most of contacting cells were monocytes--macrophages (Mn/Mph) which interacted with foam cell and intimal smooth muscle cells (SMCs). Only occasional contacts were formed by lymphocytes and endothelial cells. All intimal contacting SMCs were of the synthetic phenotype, i. e. they did not contain myofilaments and had well developed endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus. In thickened aortic intima the contacting cells were seen with the signs of destruction. The data obtained suggest that the contacts between intimal cells may be the consequence of the immune reaction directed to the transfer of information, cell cytolysis and utilization of cell debris.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Complex assessment of tumor cell proliferation in various forms of lung cancer.

Mitotic regime, labelling index and DNA distribution in malignant lung tumours of different histological types (47 cases) were investigated. The most pronounced proliferative activity in combination with high incidence of three-group metaphases and multipolar mitoses in bi- and polyclonal cases of small cell carcinoma and poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma were established. Well-differentiated tumours were monoclonal and usually had a low labelling index. The high incidence of C-mitoses in well-differentiated squamous cell carcinomas is, probably, an evidence for a more pronounced damage of their cell multiplication.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1990

[The syndromology and pathological anatomy of HIV infection (AIDS)].

Information on the clinico-anatomical syndromes and organic pathology in HIV infection (AIDS) is summarized. Role of pathomorphological examination of biopsies and autopsies in the diagnosis of the conditions associated with HIV infection as well as a controversy in the pathogenesis and pathology of AIDS is outlined.

AIDS-Associated Nephropathy↗